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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-73

Allowed

External Control of File Name or Path

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.

1097 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-48798 (GCVE-0-2026-48798)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 14:57 – Updated: 2026-08-18 15:28
VLAI
Title
SSH.NET: ScpClient Recursive Download Allows Arbitrary File Write via Server-Controlled SCP Filenames
Summary
SSH.NET is a Secure Shell (SSH) library for .NET. In 2025.1.0 and earlier, ScpClient.Download(string directoryName, DirectoryInfo directoryInfo) trusts file and directory names returned by a remote SCP server and combines them with the requested local directory without containment validation, allowing a malicious, compromised, or man-in-the-middle server to use ../ sequences or absolute paths to create or overwrite files anywhere writable by the client process. This issue is fixed in version 2026.0.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 15:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sshnet SSH.NET Affected: < 2026.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-48753 (GCVE-0-2026-48753)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 14:34 – Updated: 2026-08-21 15:36
VLAI
Title
Incus has an arbitrary file write via path traversal in S3 multipart upload
Summary
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 7.1.0, the S3 protocol upload endpoint is vulnerable to path traversal and allows creation of arbitrary files on the host. This behavior could lead to arbitrary command execution. Version 7.1.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 15:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lxc incus Affected: < 7.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48752 (GCVE-0-2026-48752)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 14:31 – Updated: 2026-08-21 16:40
VLAI
Title
Incus has arbitrary file read+write on host via templates/ symlink in malicious image
Summary
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 7.2.0, a specially crafted image or instance backup can be used to read or create/write arbitrary files on the host; possibly leading to arbitrary command execution. Version 7.2.0 patches the issue.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 16:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lxc incus Affected: < 7.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48750 (GCVE-0-2026-48750)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 14:19 – Updated: 2026-08-26 17:24
VLAI
Title
Incus has an arbitrary file write on host via `exec-output` symlink in crafted image
Summary
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 7.2.0, the `record-output` parameter of the `/instances/$name/exec` endpoint stores the output of the command in the `exec-output` directory of the instance. If `exec-output` is a symlink, file named `exec_UUID.stdout` and `exec_UUID.stderr` can be written to an arbitrary location where the `.stdout` file will contain arbitrary content. This behavior can be abused for arbitrary command execution. Version 7.2.0 contains a patch.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 17:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lxc incus Affected: < 7.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48749 (GCVE-0-2026-48749)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 14:17 – Updated: 2026-08-21 15:37
VLAI
Title
Incus has an arbitrary file read+write on host via rootfs/ symlink in malicious image
Summary
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 7.2.0, a specially crafted image can be used to read or create/write arbitrary files on the host; possibly leading to arbitrary command execution. Version 7.2.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 15:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lxc incus Affected: < 7.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48720 (GCVE-0-2026-48720)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 17:32 – Updated: 2026-06-25 19:56
VLAI
Title
Warp: SSH remote output can lead to local file overwrite and persistence
Summary
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2025.03.05.08.02.stable_00 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp accepts non-inline `OSC 1337;File` payloads from terminal output and materialize the decoded payload as a local file without an additional confirmation step. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 19:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
warpdotdev warp Affected: >= 0.2025.03.05.08.02.stable_00, < 0.2026.05.13.09.15.stable_01
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CVE-2026-48520 (GCVE-0-2026-48520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 16:31 – Updated: 2026-06-24 14:19
VLAI
Title
Langflow: Unauthenticated Shareable Playground arbitrary local or S3 file read
Summary
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. Prior to 1.10.0, the "Shareable Playground" (or "Public Flows" in code) contains a potential arbitrary file-read vulnerability, depending on the exact flow configuration used. By making a flow public, public execution of the flow is allowed. The execution request can contain a list of files that gets read by Langflow and fed into the LLM. The files path can be any path supported by the storage - it can be either a local file or S3 path if supported by the local configuration This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.0.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 14:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
langflow-ai langflow Affected: < 1.10.0
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CVE-2026-48162 (GCVE-0-2026-48162)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 16:13 – Updated: 2026-08-25 02:15
VLAI
Title
Wazuh: cluster peer can read arbitrary master files and forge offline REST API administrator tokens via DAPI tmp_file path injection in Wazuh manager
Summary
Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. From 4.0.0 until 4.14.6 and 5.0.0-beta3, DistributedAPI.send_tmp_file() in framework/wazuh/core/cluster/dapi/dapi.py joins an attacker-controlled tmp_file value to WAZUH_PATH without canonicalization or confinement. A cluster peer holding the shared Fernet key can use traversal or an absolute path to make the master return any readable file over the cluster channel. Reading /var/ossec/api/configuration/security/private_key.pem allows the peer to forge administrator REST API tokens offline and then exercise administrative privileges without creating an account. This issue is fixed in versions 4.14.6 and 5.0.0-beta3.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 02:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wazuh wazuh Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.14.6
Affected: >= 5.0.0-beta1, < 5.0.0-beta3
Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2026-47643 (GCVE-0-2026-47643)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-08-25 22:44
VLAI
Title
Azure Stack Edge Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
External control of file name or path in Azure Stack Edge allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 14:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Azure Stack Edge Affected: 2.2.0 , < 3.3.2604.3097 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_stack_edge:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
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CVE-2026-47425 (GCVE-0-2026-47425)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 17:47 – Updated: 2026-07-23 14:20
VLAI
Title
Rattler vulnerable to entry-point path traversal in noarch:python install (arbitrary file write)
Summary
Rattler is a library that provides common functionality used within the conda ecosystem. Prior to version 0.43.2, `EntryPoint::FromStr` in `rattler_conda_types` performs only `.trim()` on the `command` field before the linker joins it onto the install prefix and writes an executable Python script. A malicious `noarch:python` package can ship an `info/link.json` with an entry-point name containing `..`, `/`, `\`, or an absolute path; the resulting file is written outside the prefix (or clobbers an existing in-prefix entry-point such as `bin/pip`) with mode `0o775` on Unix and a copied launcher `.exe` on Windows. This affects the default install path of `pixi install`, `mamba install` via py-rattler, `rattler-build`, and any other consumer of the `rattler` install crate; no flag or post-link-script opt-in is involved. Version 0.43.2 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-23 14:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Operation
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation
Implementation

Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).

Mitigation
Installation Operation

Use OS-level permissions and run as a low-privileged user to limit the scope of any successful attack.

Mitigation
Operation Implementation

If you are using PHP, configure your application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop your application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values

The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding

An adversary leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input or content used by applications such that the applications are ineffective at validating this encoding standard.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-72: URL Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the URL. An adversary can take advantage of the multiple way of encoding an URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack is a specific variation on leveraging alternate encodings to bypass validation logic. This attack leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input in UTF-8 and submit it to applications not expecting or effective at validating this encoding standard making input filtering difficult. UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. Legal UTF-8 characters are one to four bytes long. However, early version of the UTF-8 specification got some entries wrong (in some cases it permitted overlong characters). UTF-8 encoders are supposed to use the "shortest possible" encoding, but naive decoders may accept encodings that are longer than necessary. According to the RFC 3629, a particularly subtle form of this attack can be carried out against a parser which performs security-critical validity checks against the UTF-8 encoded form of its input, but interprets certain illegal octet sequences as characters.

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