Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-73
AllowedExternal Control of File Name or Path
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.
1099 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-1669 (GCVE-0-2026-1669)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 22:10 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Arbitrary File Read in Keras via HDF5 External Datasets
Summary
Arbitrary file read in the model loading mechanism (HDF5 integration) in Keras versions 3.0.0 through 3.13.1 on all supported platforms allows a remote attacker to read local files and disclose sensitive information via a crafted .keras model file utilizing HDF5 external dataset references.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-12 14:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/google/security-research/secur… | |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1669 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2439205 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Keras |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.13.1
(semver)
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
Date Public
2026-02-05 04:42
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CVE-2026-0965 (GCVE-0-2026-0965)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 20:06 – Updated: 2026-09-01 12:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libssh: libssh: denial of service via improper configuration file handling
Summary
A flaw was found in libssh where it can attempt to open arbitrary files during configuration parsing. A local attacker can exploit this by providing a malicious configuration file or when the system is misconfigured. This vulnerability could lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) by causing the system to try and access dangerous files, such as block devices or large system files, which can disrupt normal operations.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-30 11:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18160 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18683 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-0965 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2436980 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:0.12.0-2.el10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:0.10.4-18.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
|
Date Public
2026-02-10 18:47
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CVE-2026-0259 (GCVE-0-2026-0259)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:05 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WildFire WF-500 and WF-500-B: Arbitrary File Read and Delete Vulnerability in WildFire Appliance (WF-500, WF-500-B)
Summary
An arbitrary File Read and Delete Vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks WildFire® WF-500 and WF-500-B appliances enables users to read sensitive information and delete arbitrary files. This vulnerability affects WF-500 and WF-500-B appliances running in the default non-FIPS configuration mode.
The WildFire Appliance (WF-500, WF-500-B) software update is now available to customers that use the WildFire Appliance (WF-500, WF-500-B) for on-premise sandboxing.
Please note that customers using the WildFire Public cloud service are NOT impacted by this vulnerability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-13 18:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0259 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | WildFire WF-500 and WF-500-B |
Affected:
12.1.0 , < 12.1.7, 12.1.4-h5
(custom)
Affected: 11.2.0 , < 11.2.11,11.2.7-h7 (custom) Affected: 11.1.0 , < 11.1.13,11.1.10-h8 (custom) Affected: 10.2.0 , < 10.2.18-h6, 10.2.16-h7, 10.2.13-h21, 10.2.10-h36, 10.2.7-h34 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:wildfire_wf-500_and_wf-500-b:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:wildfire_wf-500_and_wf-500-b:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:wildfire_wf-500_and_wf-500-b:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:wildfire_wf-500_and_wf-500-b:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-05-13 16:00
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CVE-2025-71338 (GCVE-0-2025-71338)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 21:41 – Updated: 2026-06-26 12:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flowise - Arbitrary File Write to Remote Code Execution via document-store API
Summary
Flowise contains a path traversal vulnerability in the /api/v1/document-store/loader/process endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to write arbitrary files to the filesystem. Attackers can exploit unsanitized fileName parameters with ../ sequences to overwrite critical files like package.json and achieve remote code execution when the application restarts.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-26 12:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/flowise-arbi… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-03-14 00:00
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CVE-2025-71334 (GCVE-0-2025-71334)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 21:41 – Updated: 2026-06-26 10:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flowise - Arbitrary File Access via Missing Chat Flow ID Validation
Summary
Flowise before 3.0.6 (affected versions 2.2.8 and earlier) contains an arbitrary file access vulnerability due to missing validation that the chatflowId and chatId parameters are UUIDs or numbers in file handling operations. By supplying a path-traversal value (e.g., '../../../../../tmp') as the chatflow id, an unauthenticated attacker can use the /api/v1/chatflows endpoint (via addBase64FilesToStorage) to write arbitrary files, and the /api/v1/get-upload-file and /api/v1/openai-assistants-file/download endpoints (via streamStorageFile) to read arbitrary files. Arbitrary file write may lead to remote code execution.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-26 10:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/commit/8bd3d… | patch |
| https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/commit/c2b83… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/flowise-arbi… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-09-13 00:00
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CVE-2025-71333 (GCVE-0-2025-71333)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 21:41 – Updated: 2026-06-27 02:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flowise - Arbitrary File Upload via Unauthenticated /api/v1/attachments Endpoint
Summary
Flowise through 2.2.4 contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /api/v1/attachments endpoint when storageType is set to local. Attackers can exploit path traversal in the chatId and chatflowId parameters to upload malicious files to arbitrary directories, potentially enabling remote code execution and server compromise.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-27 02:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/flowise-arbi… | third-party-advisory |
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Date Public
2025-03-13 00:00
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CVE-2025-71324 (GCVE-0-2025-71324)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 21:41 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flowise - Arbitrary File Read via chatId Parameter
Summary
Flowise before 3.0.6 contains an arbitrary file read vulnerability in the chatId parameter of the /api/v1/get-upload-file and /api/v1/openai-assistants-file/download endpoints. The chatId value is not validated and is passed to streamStorageFile(), where a fallback file-lookup path constructed without the orgId is evaluated after the storage-directory containment check, allowing path traversal beyond the intended storage directory. Unauthenticated attackers can read sensitive files such as /root/.flowise/database.sqlite, exposing all database content in the default configuration.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-30 03:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/flowise-arbi… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-09-13 00:00
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CVE-2025-68478 (GCVE-0-2025-68478)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-19 17:10 – Updated: 2025-12-19 17:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Langflow Vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path
Summary
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. Prior to version 1.7.0, if an arbitrary path is specified in the request body's `fs_path`, the server serializes the Flow object into JSON and creates/overwrites a file at that path. There is no path restriction, normalization, or allowed directory enforcement, so absolute paths (e.g., /etc/poc.txt) are interpreted as is. Version 1.7.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-19 17:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| langflow-ai | langflow |
Affected:
< 1.7.0
|
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CVE-2025-68428 (GCVE-0-2025-68428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 21:43 – Updated: 2026-08-18 12:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jsPDF has Local File Inclusion/Path Traversal vulnerability
Summary
jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to version 4.0.0, user control of the first argument of the loadFile method in the node.js build allows local file inclusion/path traversal. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized paths to the loadFile method, a user can retrieve file contents of arbitrary files in the local file system the node process is running in. The file contents are included verbatim in the generated PDFs. Other affected methods are `addImage`, `html`, and `addFont`. Only the node.js builds of the library are affected, namely the `dist/jspdf.node.js` and `dist/jspdf.node.min.js` files. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.0.0. This version restricts file system access per default. This semver-major update does not introduce other breaking changes. Some workarounds areavailable. With recent node versions, jsPDF recommends using the `--permission` flag in production. The feature was introduced experimentally in v20.0.0 and is stable since v22.13.0/v23.5.0/v24.0.0. For older node versions, sanitize user-provided paths before passing them to jsPDF.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 15:35 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF/commit/a688c8f4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF/releases/tag/v4.0.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-68428 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2427236 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
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| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2350 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2568 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| parallax | jsPDF |
Affected:
< 4.0.0
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.8 |
Unaffected:
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|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9 |
Unaffected:
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Unaffected: 1770250889 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4.9::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4
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CVE-2025-68155 (GCVE-0-2025-68155)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 18:20 – Updated: 2025-12-16 21:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@vitejs/plugin-rsc has Arbitrary File Read via `/__vite_rsc_findSourceMapURL` Endpoint on Development
Summary
@vitejs/plugin-rs provides React Server Components (RSC) support for Vite. Prior to version 0.5.8, the `/__vite_rsc_findSourceMapURL` endpoint in `@vitejs/plugin-rsc` allows unauthenticated arbitrary file read during development mode. An attacker can read any file accessible to the Node.js process by sending a crafted HTTP request with a `file://` URL in the `filename` query parameter. Version 0.5.8 fixes the issue.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-16 21:47 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/29708 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/30741 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vitejs | vite-plugin-react |
Affected:
< 0.5.8
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"value": "@vitejs/plugin-rs provides React Server Components (RSC) support for Vite. Prior to version 0.5.8, the `/__vite_rsc_findSourceMapURL` endpoint in `@vitejs/plugin-rsc` allows unauthenticated arbitrary file read during development mode. An attacker can read any file accessible to the Node.js process by sending a crafted HTTP request with a `file://` URL in the `filename` query parameter. Version 0.5.8 fixes the issue."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-22",
"description": "CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-73",
"description": "CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-16T18:20:51.428Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/security/advisories/GHSA-g239-q96q-x4qm",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/security/advisories/GHSA-g239-q96q-x4qm"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/29708",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/29708"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/30741",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/30741"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/commit/582fba0b9a52b13fcff6beaaa3bfbd532bc5359d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/commit/582fba0b9a52b13fcff6beaaa3bfbd532bc5359d"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-g239-q96q-x4qm",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "@vitejs/plugin-rsc has Arbitrary File Read via `/__vite_rsc_findSourceMapURL` Endpoint on Development"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68155",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T18:20:51.428Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-15T23:02:17.603Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-16T21:48:33.959Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Operation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Mitigation
Installation
Operation
Use OS-level permissions and run as a low-privileged user to limit the scope of any successful attack.
Mitigation
Operation
Implementation
If you are using PHP, configure your application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop your application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
Mitigation
Testing
Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding
An adversary leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input or content used by applications such that the applications are ineffective at validating this encoding standard.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-72: URL Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the URL. An adversary can take advantage of the multiple way of encoding an URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.
CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack is a specific variation on leveraging alternate encodings to bypass validation logic. This attack leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input in UTF-8 and submit it to applications not expecting or effective at validating this encoding standard making input filtering difficult. UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. Legal UTF-8 characters are one to four bytes long. However, early version of the UTF-8 specification got some entries wrong (in some cases it permitted overlong characters). UTF-8 encoders are supposed to use the "shortest possible" encoding, but naive decoders may accept encodings that are longer than necessary. According to the RFC 3629, a particularly subtle form of this attack can be carried out against a parser which performs security-critical validity checks against the UTF-8 encoded form of its input, but interprets certain illegal octet sequences as characters.