CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
979 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7RVM-5HWF-93CV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30Collision in MiniFilter driver in Avast Software Avast Free Antivirus before 25.9 on Windows allows a local attacker with administrative privileges to disable real-time protection and self-defense mechanisms.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T16:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Collision in MiniFilter driver\u00a0in Avast Software Avast Free Antivirus\u00a0 before 25.9\u00a0 on Windows allows a local attacker with administrative privileges to disable real-time protection and self-defense mechanisms.",
"id": "GHSA-7rvm-5hwf-93cv",
"modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-11-11T18:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gendigital.com/us/en/contact-us/security-advisories/)"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7RVM-XJPP-63R9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-08 18:21 – Updated: 2026-06-12 21:59Summary
A electron run as node vulnerability was identified in actual (macOS application, version 25.x (Electron 39.2.7)).
Vulnerability Type: Electron Run As Node
Description
ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE fuse enabled (Electron 39.2.7) — app can be converted to Node.js REPL for arbitrary code execution
Impact
An attacker who can place a file on disk or control command-line arguments can invoke the signed Actual.app binary with ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE=1 to execute arbitrary Node.js code inheriting the apps entitlements and code signature. This bypasses macOS Gatekeeper review of the payload: the Node.js script runs as Actual, under Actuals bundle ID and signed identity, and has access to any entitlements the app carries (network, file access, keychain, automation). Combined with any downloader (browser, mail attachment, Slack link) this becomes a signed-binary-abuse primitive on every Mac with Actual installed.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "actual"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "26.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42890"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-250",
"CWE-693",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T18:21:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T20:16:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nA electron run as node vulnerability was identified in `actual` (macOS application, version `25.x (Electron 39.2.7)`).\n\n**Vulnerability Type:** Electron Run As Node\n\n## Description\n\nELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE fuse enabled (Electron 39.2.7) \u2014 app can be converted to Node.js REPL for arbitrary code execution\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can place a file on disk or control command-line arguments can invoke the signed Actual.app binary with ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE=1 to execute arbitrary Node.js code inheriting the apps entitlements and code signature. This bypasses macOS Gatekeeper review of the payload: the Node.js script runs as Actual, under Actuals bundle ID and signed identity, and has access to any entitlements the app carries (network, file access, keychain, automation). Combined with any downloader (browser, mail attachment, Slack link) this becomes a signed-binary-abuse primitive on every Mac with Actual installed.",
"id": "GHSA-7rvm-xjpp-63r9",
"modified": "2026-06-12T21:59:55Z",
"published": "2026-06-08T18:21:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actualbudget/actual/security/advisories/GHSA-7rvm-xjpp-63r9"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://actualbudget.org/blog/release-26.5.0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/actualbudget/actual"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "actual Allows Electron to Run As Node"
}
GHSA-7VH7-GR54-CX75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-14 15:31Protection mechanism failure in Linux kernel mode driver for some Intel(R) Ethernet Network Controllers and Adapters E810 Series before version 28.3 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23499"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T14:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in Linux kernel mode driver for some Intel(R) Ethernet Network Controllers and Adapters E810 Series before version 28.3 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-7vh7-gr54-cx75",
"modified": "2024-08-14T15:31:14Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T15:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00918.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7VR5-72W7-Q6JC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 19:00 – Updated: 2022-12-16 16:21Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.
Multiple sandbox bypass vulnerabilities exist in Script Security Plugin and Pipeline: Groovy Plugin:
- In Script Security Plugin 1183.v774b_0b_0a_a_451 and earlier and in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin 2802.v5ea_628154b_c2 and earlier, various casts performed implicitly by the Groovy language runtime were not intercepted by the sandbox. This includes casts performed when returning values from methods, when assigning local variables, fields, properties, and when defining default arguments for closure, constructor, and method parameters (CVE-2022-43401 in Script Security Plugin and CVE-2022-43402 in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin).
- In Script Security Plugin 1183.v774b_0b_0a_a_451 and earlier, when casting an array-like value to an array type, per-element casts to the component type of the array are not intercepted by the sandbox (CVE-2022-43403).
- In Script Security Plugin 1183.v774b_0b_0a_a_451 and earlier, crafted constructor bodies and calls to sandbox-generated synthetic constructors can be used to construct any subclassable type (due to an incomplete fix for SECURITY-1754 in the 2020-03-09 security advisory) (CVE-2022-43404).
These vulnerabilities allow attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.\n\nThese vulnerabilities have been fixed:
- Script Security Plugin 1184.v85d16b_d851b_3 and Pipeline: Groovy Plugin 2803.v1a_f77ffcc773 intercept Groovy casts performed implicitly by the Groovy language runtime (CVE-2022-43401 in Script Security Plugin and CVE-2022-43402 in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin).
- Script Security Plugin 1184.v85d16b_d851b_3 intercepts per-element casts when casting array-like values to array types (CVE-2022-43403).
- Script Security Plugin 1184.v85d16b_d851b_3 rejects improper calls to sandbox-generated synthetic constructors (CVE-2022-43404).
Both plugins, Script Security Plugin and Pipeline: Groovy Plugin must be updated simultaneously. While Script Security Plugin could be updated independently, doing so would cause errors in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin due to an incompatible API change.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 1184.v85d16b"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:script-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1184.v85d16b_d851b_3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2802.v5ea"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins.workflow:workflow-cps"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2803.v1a_f77ffcc773"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43401"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-19T22:04:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.\n\nMultiple sandbox bypass vulnerabilities exist in Script Security Plugin and Pipeline: Groovy Plugin:\n\n- In Script Security Plugin 1183.v774b_0b_0a_a_451 and earlier and in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin 2802.v5ea_628154b_c2 and earlier, various casts performed implicitly by the Groovy language runtime were not intercepted by the sandbox. This includes casts performed when returning values from methods, when assigning local variables, fields, properties, and when defining default arguments for closure, constructor, and method parameters (CVE-2022-43401 in Script Security Plugin and CVE-2022-43402 in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin).\n- In Script Security Plugin 1183.v774b_0b_0a_a_451 and earlier, when casting an array-like value to an array type, per-element casts to the component type of the array are not intercepted by the sandbox (CVE-2022-43403).\n- In Script Security Plugin 1183.v774b_0b_0a_a_451 and earlier, crafted constructor bodies and calls to sandbox-generated synthetic constructors can be used to construct any subclassable type (due to an incomplete fix for SECURITY-1754 in the [2020-03-09 security advisory](https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-03-09/#SECURITY-1754)) (CVE-2022-43404).\n\nThese vulnerabilities allow attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.\\n\\nThese vulnerabilities have been fixed:\n\n- Script Security Plugin 1184.v85d16b_d851b_3 and Pipeline: Groovy Plugin 2803.v1a_f77ffcc773 intercept Groovy casts performed implicitly by the Groovy language runtime (CVE-2022-43401 in Script Security Plugin and CVE-2022-43402 in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin).\n- Script Security Plugin 1184.v85d16b_d851b_3 intercepts per-element casts when casting array-like values to array types (CVE-2022-43403).\n- Script Security Plugin 1184.v85d16b_d851b_3 rejects improper calls to sandbox-generated synthetic constructors (CVE-2022-43404).\n\nBoth plugins, Script Security Plugin and Pipeline: Groovy Plugin must be updated simultaneously. While Script Security Plugin could be updated independently, doing so would cause errors in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin due to an incompatible API change.",
"id": "GHSA-7vr5-72w7-q6jc",
"modified": "2022-12-16T16:21:38Z",
"published": "2022-10-19T19:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-10-19/#SECURITY-2824%20(1)"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/10/19/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Sandbox bypass vulnerabilities in Jenkins Script Security Plugin and in Pipeline: Groovy Plugin"
}
GHSA-7VRX-F5XP-W83F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Inappropriate implementation in WebView in Google Chrome on Android prior to 149.0.7827.155 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12438"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:19:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in WebView in Google Chrome on Android prior to 149.0.7827.155 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)",
"id": "GHSA-7vrx-f5xp-w83f",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_01750511403.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/516947912"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7W2W-FWPF-9M4H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-16 00:01 – Updated: 2023-10-27 19:10Jenkins Pipeline: Deprecated Groovy Libraries Plugin 552.vd9cc05b8a2e1 and earlier uses the same workspace directory for all checkouts of Pipeline libraries with the same name regardless of the SCM being used and the source of the library configuration.
This allows attackers with Item/Configure permission to execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM through crafted SCM contents, if a global Pipeline library already exists.
Pipeline: Deprecated Groovy Libraries Plugin 561.va_ce0de3c2d69 uses distinct checkout directories per SCM for Pipeline libraries.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 552.vd9cc05b8a2e1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins.workflow:workflow-cps-global-lib"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "561.va_ce0de3c2d69"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-20T22:39:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-15T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Pipeline: Deprecated Groovy Libraries Plugin 552.vd9cc05b8a2e1 and earlier uses the same workspace directory for all checkouts of Pipeline libraries with the same name regardless of the SCM being used and the source of the library configuration.\n\nThis allows attackers with Item/Configure permission to execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM through crafted SCM contents, if a global Pipeline library already exists.\n\nPipeline: Deprecated Groovy Libraries Plugin 561.va_ce0de3c2d69 uses distinct checkout directories per SCM for Pipeline libraries.",
"id": "GHSA-7w2w-fwpf-9m4h",
"modified": "2023-10-27T19:10:33Z",
"published": "2022-02-16T00:01:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/workflow-cps-global-lib-plugin/commit/ace0de3c2d691662021ea10306eeb407da6b6365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-02-15/#SECURITY-2441"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Pipeline: Deprecated Groovy Libraries Plugin Protection Mechanism Failure"
}
GHSA-7WQH-5R8P-J9WW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-06 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:50Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29354"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-05T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-7wqh-5r8p-j9ww",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:50:02Z",
"published": "2023-05-06T00:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-29354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-17"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7WVQ-94HQ-J88H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 18:30 – Updated: 2024-06-11 18:30Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T17:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-7wvq-94hq-j88h",
"modified": "2024-06-11T18:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T18:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-30052"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7WW3-XVF5-CXWM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 22:20 – Updated: 2026-05-05 22:20Summary
ciguard's FastAPI Web UI (src/ciguard/web/app.py) does not set HTTP defence-in-depth headers. OWASP ZAP baseline scan flagged 11 alerts: missing Content-Security-Policy (Medium), X-Frame-Options (Medium), Sub-Resource-Integrity on /api/docs (Medium), COOP / COEP / CORP (Low), Permissions-Policy (Low), X-Content-Type-Options (Low).
Threat scenario
For local-only deployment (current intent): minimal — there's no untrusted browser context, no third-party hosting, no auth surface to protect.
For public hosting (PRD Slice 9 GitHub App or hosted dashboard, future): each missing header reduces a defence layer:
- Missing CSP → injected XSS would have no second-line defence (first-line Jinja autoescape remains intact)
- Missing X-Frame-Options → clickjacking against any UI button would be possible
- Missing SRI on jsdelivr-hosted Swagger UI → if jsdelivr were compromised, attacker JS would run in the docs page context
Patch
- New
SecurityHeadersMiddlewareatsrc/ciguard/web/security_headers.pyinjecting: X-Content-Type-Options nosniff, X-Frame-Options DENY, Referrer-Policy no-referrer, Permissions-Policyinterest-cohort=(), Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy same-origin, Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy same-origin, plus per-path CSP with/api/docs+/api/redoccarve-out for cdn.jsdelivr.net (Swagger UI / ReDoc dependency). - COEP intentionally NOT set: would break Swagger UI's cross-origin assets, and ciguard makes no SharedArrayBuffer use that would benefit.
- Registered via
app.add_middleware(SecurityHeadersMiddleware). - 6 regression tests in
tests/test_web.py::TestSecurityHeaders.
Discovery
Found by OWASP ZAP baseline scan during ciguard's first self-conducted pentest cycle, 2026-04-26.
CVSS Scoring
- CVSS v3.1:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N— 4.3 (Medium per v3.1 thresholds) - CVSS v4.0:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N— first.org calc 4.3 (Low); GitHub's calc 2.1 (Low). All consistent at Low/borderline.
Verification
$ curl -sI http://127.0.0.1:8080/ | grep -E '^(X-Frame|X-Content|Referrer|Permissions|Cross-Origin|Content-Security):'
# Pre-fix: empty
# Post-fix: 7 headers present
Resources
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.8.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ciguard"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T22:20:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nciguard\u0027s FastAPI Web UI (`src/ciguard/web/app.py`) does not set HTTP defence-in-depth headers. OWASP ZAP baseline scan flagged 11 alerts: missing Content-Security-Policy (Medium), X-Frame-Options (Medium), Sub-Resource-Integrity on `/api/docs` (Medium), COOP / COEP / CORP (Low), Permissions-Policy (Low), X-Content-Type-Options (Low).\n\n## Threat scenario\n\nFor local-only deployment (current intent): minimal \u2014 there\u0027s no untrusted browser context, no third-party hosting, no auth surface to protect.\n\nFor public hosting (PRD Slice 9 GitHub App or hosted dashboard, future): each missing header reduces a defence layer:\n\n- Missing CSP \u2192 injected XSS would have no second-line defence (first-line Jinja autoescape remains intact)\n- Missing X-Frame-Options \u2192 clickjacking against any UI button would be possible\n- Missing SRI on jsdelivr-hosted Swagger UI \u2192 if jsdelivr were compromised, attacker JS would run in the docs page context\n\n## Patch\n\n- New `SecurityHeadersMiddleware` at `src/ciguard/web/security_headers.py` injecting: X-Content-Type-Options nosniff, X-Frame-Options DENY, Referrer-Policy no-referrer, Permissions-Policy `interest-cohort=()`, Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy same-origin, Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy same-origin, plus per-path CSP with `/api/docs` + `/api/redoc` carve-out for cdn.jsdelivr.net (Swagger UI / ReDoc dependency).\n- COEP intentionally NOT set: would break Swagger UI\u0027s cross-origin assets, and ciguard makes no SharedArrayBuffer use that would benefit.\n- Registered via `app.add_middleware(SecurityHeadersMiddleware)`.\n- 6 regression tests in `tests/test_web.py::TestSecurityHeaders`.\n\n## Discovery\n\nFound by OWASP ZAP baseline scan during ciguard\u0027s first self-conducted pentest cycle, 2026-04-26.\n\n## CVSS Scoring\n\n- CVSS v3.1: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N` \u2014 4.3 (Medium per v3.1 thresholds)\n- CVSS v4.0: `CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N` \u2014 first.org calc 4.3 (Low); GitHub\u0027s calc 2.1 (Low). All consistent at Low/borderline.\n\n## Verification\n\n```\n$ curl -sI http://127.0.0.1:8080/ | grep -E \u0027^(X-Frame|X-Content|Referrer|Permissions|Cross-Origin|Content-Security):\u0027\n# Pre-fix: empty\n# Post-fix: 7 headers present\n```\n\n## Resources\n\n- Fix released in [v0.8.2](https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard/releases/tag/v0.8.2)\n- CI regression gate added in [v0.8.3](https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard/releases/tag/v0.8.3)",
"id": "GHSA-7ww3-xvf5-cxwm",
"modified": "2026-05-05T22:20:04Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T22:20:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard/security/advisories/GHSA-7ww3-xvf5-cxwm"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard/releases/tag/v0.8.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard/releases/tag/v0.8.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "ciguard: Web UI is missing HTTP defence-in-depth headers"
}
GHSA-7WWF-JWF3-5R2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2023-07-07 21:30A missing HTTP header (X-Frame-Options) in Kiwi Syslog Server has left customers vulnerable to click jacking. Clickjacking is an attack that occurs when an attacker uses a transparent iframe in a window to trick a user into clicking on an actionable item, such as a button or link, to another server in which they have an identical webpage. The attacker essentially hijacks the user activity intended for the original server and sends them to the other server. This is an attack on both the user and the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-29T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A missing HTTP header (X-Frame-Options) in Kiwi Syslog Server has left customers vulnerable to click jacking. Clickjacking is an attack that occurs when an attacker uses a transparent iframe in a window to trick a user into clicking on an actionable item, such as a button or link, to another server in which they have an identical webpage. The attacker essentially hijacks the user activity intended for the original server and sends them to the other server. This is an attack on both the user and the server.",
"id": "GHSA-7wwf-jwf3-5r2m",
"modified": "2023-07-07T21:30:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/success_center/kss/content/release_notes/kss_9-8_release_notes.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-advisories/cve-2021-35237"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.