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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2462 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2021-21330 (GCVE-0-2021-21330)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-26 02:15 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
Title
Open redirect vulnerability in aiohttp
Summary
aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. In aiohttp before version 3.7.4 there is an open redirect vulnerability. A maliciously crafted link to an aiohttp-based web-server could redirect the browser to a different website. It is caused by a bug in the `aiohttp.web_middlewares.normalize_path_middleware` middleware. This security problem has been fixed in 3.7.4. Upgrade your dependency using pip as follows "pip install aiohttp >= 3.7.4". If upgrading is not an option for you, a workaround can be to avoid using `aiohttp.web_middlewares.normalize_path_middleware` in your applications.
Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aio-libs aiohttp Affected: < 3.7.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-21291 (GCVE-0-2021-21291)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-02 19:05 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
Title
Subdomain checking of whitelisted domains could allow unintended redirects
Summary
OAuth2 Proxy is an open-source reverse proxy and static file server that provides authentication using Providers (Google, GitHub, and others) to validate accounts by email, domain or group. In OAuth2 Proxy before version 7.0.0, for users that use the whitelist domain feature, a domain that ended in a similar way to the intended domain could have been allowed as a redirect. For example, if a whitelist domain was configured for ".example.com", the intention is that subdomains of example.com are allowed. Instead, "example.com" and "badexample.com" could also match. This is fixed in version 7.0.0 onwards. As a workaround, one can disable the whitelist domain feature and run separate OAuth2 Proxy instances for each subdomain.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-21273 (GCVE-0-2021-21273)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-26 17:25 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
Title
Open redirects on some federation and push requests
Summary
Synapse is a Matrix reference homeserver written in python (pypi package matrix-synapse). Matrix is an ecosystem for open federated Instant Messaging and VoIP. In Synapse before version 1.25.0, requests to user provided domains were not restricted to external IP addresses when calculating the key validity for third-party invite events and sending push notifications. This could cause Synapse to make requests to internal infrastructure. The type of request was not controlled by the user, although limited modification of request bodies was possible. For the most thorough protection server administrators should remove the deprecated `federation_ip_range_blacklist` from their settings after upgrading to Synapse v1.25.0 which will result in Synapse using the improved default IP address restrictions. See the new `ip_range_blacklist` and `ip_range_whitelist` settings if more specific control is necessary.
Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
matrix-org synapse Affected: < 1.25.0
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CVE-2021-20031 (GCVE-0-2021-20031)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-12 22:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:30
VLAI
Summary
A Host Header Redirection vulnerability in SonicOS potentially allows a remote attacker to redirect firewall management users to arbitrary web domains.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SonicWall SonicOS Affected: 7.0.1-R1262 and earlier
Affected: 7.0.1-R1283 and earlier
Affected: 7.0.1-R579 and earlier
Affected: 6.5.4.7 and earlier
Affected: 6.5.1.12 and earlier
Affected: 6.0.5.3-94o and earlier
Affected: 6.5.4.4-44V-21-987 and earlier
Affected: 5.9.1.13 and earlier
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-4260 (GCVE-0-2021-4260)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-19 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-15 12:57
VLAI
Title
oils-js Web.js redirect
Summary
A vulnerability was found in oils-js. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file core/Web.js. The manipulation leads to open redirect. The attack can be initiated remotely. The name of the patch is fad8fbae824a7d367dacb90d56cb02c5cb999d42. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216268.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-14 17:01 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-4000 (GCVE-0-2021-4000)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-03 10:45 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:16
VLAI
Title
Open Redirect in star7th/showdoc
Summary
showdoc is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
star7th star7th/showdoc Affected: unspecified , < 2.9.13 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-3989 (GCVE-0-2021-3989)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-01 10:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:09
VLAI
Title
Open Redirect in star7th/showdoc
Summary
showdoc is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
star7th star7th/showdoc Affected: unspecified , < 2.9.13 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-3851 (GCVE-0-2021-3851)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 12:30 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:09
VLAI
Title
Open Redirect in firefly-iii/firefly-iii
Summary
firefly-iii is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Severity
5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
firefly-iii firefly-iii/firefly-iii Affected: unspecified , < 5.6.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-3829 (GCVE-0-2021-3829)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-10 15:25 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:09
VLAI
Title
Open Redirect in openwhyd/openwhyd
Summary
openwhyd is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
openwhyd openwhyd/openwhyd Affected: unspecified , < 1.45.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-3664 (GCVE-0-2021-3664)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-26 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:01
VLAI
Title
Open Redirect in unshiftio/url-parse
Summary
url-parse is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
unshiftio unshiftio/url-parse Affected: unspecified , ≤ 1.5.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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