Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2304 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XH4M-99QP-W483
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:05 – Updated: 2024-03-01 23:43
VLAI
Summary
Cloud Foundry UAA open redirect
Details
Cloud Foundry UAA, versions later than 4.6.0 and prior to 4.19.0 except 4.10.1 and 4.7.5 and uaa-release versions later than v48 and prior to v60 except v55.1 and v52.9, does not validate redirect URL values on a form parameter used for internal UAA redirects on the login page, allowing open redirects. A remote attacker can craft a malicious link that, when clicked, will redirect users to arbitrary websites after a successful login attempt.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.7.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.10.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.11.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.12.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.13.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.19.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11041"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-01T23:43:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-25T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cloud Foundry UAA, versions later than 4.6.0 and prior to 4.19.0 except 4.10.1 and 4.7.5 and uaa-release versions later than v48 and prior to v60 except v55.1 and v52.9, does not validate redirect URL values on a form parameter used for internal UAA redirects on the login page, allowing open redirects. A remote attacker can craft a malicious link that, when clicked, will redirect users to arbitrary websites after a successful login attempt.",
"id": "GHSA-xh4m-99qp-w483",
"modified": "2024-03-01T23:43:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:05:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/238ce572fdaebbb8357b265d2f77eb9761199a09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/57a15dfb7e0e3a59019ebe951793b586512b196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/7a8f157f7e2feed2d0ebb63b163ff735b6340b9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/7d750e036cd52c5d30e73e28cbcae23126d7154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/83c8627c2da7845043b65e6ba354a64b4f9c6e2f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/8a599448781acd481aa9dab1b0bde3424e00ced"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/d17b23fc3bf9b86f111774925afadfced75315c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/f6362a8f1865314aa507fc5de772848b7e55236"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cloudfoundry.org/blog/cve-2018-11041"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cloud Foundry UAA open redirect"
}
GHSA-XHJ8-R9JM-FF9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-16 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-20 18:30
VLAI
Details
An Open Redirection vulnerability exists in Uffizio's GPS Tracker all versions allows an attacker to construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-17484"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-16T01:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirection vulnerability exists in Uffizio\u0027s GPS Tracker all versions allows an attacker to construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain.",
"id": "GHSA-xhj8-r9jm-ff9x",
"modified": "2023-12-20T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-12-16T03:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-21-287-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.uffizio.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XJCC-GRX3-24P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-14 18:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:40
VLAI
Details
An issue in IceWarp Mail Server Deep Castle 2 v.13.0.1.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted request to the URL.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-14T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in IceWarp Mail Server Deep Castle 2 v.13.0.1.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted request to the URL.",
"id": "GHSA-xjcc-grx3-24p5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:40:52Z",
"published": "2023-09-14T18:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40muthumohanprasath.r/open-redirection-vulnerability-on-icewarp-webclient-product-cve-2023-40779-61176503710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@muthumohanprasath.r/open-redirection-vulnerability-on-icewarp-webclient-product-cve-2023-40779-61176503710"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XJJG-VMW6-C2P9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-08-27 17:44 – Updated: 2024-09-20 21:26
VLAI
Summary
Open Redirect in httpie
Details
All versions of the HTTPie package prior to version 1.0.3 are vulnerable to Open Redirect that allows an attacker to write an arbitrary file with supplied filename and content to the current directory, by redirecting a request from HTTP to a crafted URL pointing to a server in his or hers control.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "httpie"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10751"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-08-27T17:27:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-23T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "All versions of the HTTPie package prior to version 1.0.3 are vulnerable to Open Redirect that allows an attacker to write an arbitrary file with supplied filename and content to the current directory, by redirecting a request from HTTP to a crafted URL pointing to a server in his or hers control.",
"id": "GHSA-xjjg-vmw6-c2p9",
"modified": "2024-09-20T21:26:30Z",
"published": "2019-08-27T17:44:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10751"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xjjg-vmw6-c2p9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/releases/tag/1.0.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/httpie/PYSEC-2019-23.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/09/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-HTTPIE-460107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00022.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in httpie"
}
GHSA-XM6H-XRXM-VR76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31
VLAI
Details
Improper validation of a login parameter may allow attackers to redirect users to malicious websites after authentication. This can lead to various risk including stealing credentials from unsuspecting users.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T13:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper validation of a login parameter may allow attackers to redirect users to malicious websites after authentication. This can lead to various risk including stealing credentials from unsuspecting users.",
"id": "GHSA-xm6h-xrxm-vr76",
"modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-01-15T15:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0001.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0001.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/media/docs/9/19/719/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XMC5-26P9-V4X6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:09
VLAI
Details
WebExtensions could use the "mozAddonManager" API by modifying the CSP headers on sites with the appropriate permissions and then using host requests to redirect script loads to a malicious site. This allows a malicious extension to then install additional extensions without explicit user permission. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 51.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5389"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-11T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "WebExtensions could use the \"mozAddonManager\" API by modifying the CSP headers on sites with the appropriate permissions and then using host requests to redirect script loads to a malicious site. This allows a malicious extension to then install additional extensions without explicit user permission. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 51.",
"id": "GHSA-xmc5-26p9-v4x6",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:09:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:09:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1308688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2017-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037693"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XMMF-X347-442H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-10 00:00
VLAI
Details
Open Redirect vulnerability exists in SeedDMS 6.0.15 in out.Login.php, which llows remote malicious users to redirect users to malicious sites using the "referuri" parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45408"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect vulnerability exists in SeedDMS 6.0.15 in out.Login.php, which llows remote malicious users to redirect users to malicious sites using the \"referuri\" parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-xmmf-x347-442h",
"modified": "2022-02-10T00:00:50Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T00:00:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sunil-singh.notion.site/SeedDMS-6-0-15-Open-Redirect-85be8b681b2947a2a75e7416cb56670c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XMMG-4CV8-23PX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-16 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-16 21:32
VLAI
Details
DOM-based HTML injection vulnerability in the main page of Darktrace Threat Visualizer version 6.1.27 (bundle version 61050) and before has been identified. A URL, crafted by a remote attacker and visited by an authenticated user, allows open redirect and potential credential stealing using an injected HTML form.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-16T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "DOM-based HTML injection vulnerability in the main page of Darktrace Threat Visualizer version 6.1.27 (bundle version 61050) and before has been identified. A URL, crafted by a remote attacker and visited by an authenticated user, allows open redirect and potential credential stealing using an injected HTML form.",
"id": "GHSA-xmmg-4cv8-23px",
"modified": "2024-08-16T21:32:35Z",
"published": "2024-02-16T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tomekwasiak.pl/cve-2024-22854"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XP3V-XRXH-VPV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:45 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:45
VLAI
Details
Open redirect vulnerability in GroupSession version 4.7.0 and earlier allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2166"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-26T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in GroupSession version 4.7.0 and earlier allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-xp3v-xrxh-vpv7",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:45:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:45:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN26200083/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPH5-278P-26QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-24 21:34 – Updated: 2025-10-13 15:56
VLAI
Summary
lobe-chat has an Open Redirect
Details
Description
Vulnerability Overview
The project's OIDC redirect handling logic constructs the host and protocol of the final redirect URL based on the X-Forwarded-Host or Host headers and the X-Forwarded-Proto value. In deployments where a reverse proxy forwards client-supplied X-Forwarded-* headers to the origin as-is, or where the origin trusts them without validation, an attacker can inject an arbitrary host and trigger an open redirect that sends users to a malicious domain.
Vulnerable Code Analysis
const internalRedirectUrlString = await oidcService.getInteractionResult(uid, result);
log('OIDC Provider internal redirect URL string: %s', internalRedirectUrlString);
let finalRedirectUrl;
try {
finalRedirectUrl = correctOIDCUrl(request, new URL(internalRedirectUrlString));
} catch {
finalRedirectUrl = new URL(internalRedirectUrlString);
log('Warning: Could not parse redirect URL, using as-is: %s', internalRedirectUrlString);
}
return NextResponse.redirect(finalRedirectUrl, {
headers: request.headers,
status: 303,
});
https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/blob/aa841a3879c30142720485182ad62aa0dbd74edc/src/app/(backend)/oidc/consent/route.ts#L113-L127
PoC
curl Example
curl -i 'http://localhost:3210/oidc/callback/desktop?code=abc&state=test123' \
-H 'X-Forwarded-Host: google.com' \
-H 'X-Forwarded-Proto: https'
Impact
- It can force users to redirect to untrusted external domains, leading to subsequent attacks such as phishing, credential harvesting, and session fixation.
- It can disrupt the OAuth/OIDC flow user experience by redirecting users to malicious domains disguised as legitimate pages (even though this path doesn't directly include tokens, it can be exploited for social engineering attacks through redirect chains).
- The impact can be amplified when redirect chains are combined with other vulnerabilities such as CSP bypass or cache poisoning.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@lobehub/chat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.130.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59426"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-24T21:34:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-25T14:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### **Description**\n\n---\n\n\u003e Vulnerability Overview\n\u003e \n\nThe project\u0027s OIDC redirect handling logic constructs the host and protocol of the final redirect URL based on the X-Forwarded-Host or Host headers and the X-Forwarded-Proto value. In deployments where a reverse proxy forwards client-supplied X-Forwarded-* headers to the origin as-is, or where the origin trusts them without validation, an attacker can inject an arbitrary host and trigger an open redirect that sends users to a malicious domain.\n\n\u003e Vulnerable Code Analysis\n\u003e \n\n```bash\nconst internalRedirectUrlString = await oidcService.getInteractionResult(uid, result);\nlog(\u0027OIDC Provider internal redirect URL string: %s\u0027, internalRedirectUrlString);\n\nlet finalRedirectUrl;\ntry {\n finalRedirectUrl = correctOIDCUrl(request, new URL(internalRedirectUrlString));\n} catch {\n finalRedirectUrl = new URL(internalRedirectUrlString);\n log(\u0027Warning: Could not parse redirect URL, using as-is: %s\u0027, internalRedirectUrlString);\n}\n\nreturn NextResponse.redirect(finalRedirectUrl, {\n headers: request.headers,\n status: 303,\n});\n```\n\nhttps://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/blob/aa841a3879c30142720485182ad62aa0dbd74edc/src/app/(backend)/oidc/consent/route.ts#L113-L127\n\n### PoC\n\n---\n\n\u003e curl Example\n\u003e \n\n```bash\ncurl -i \u0027http://localhost:3210/oidc/callback/desktop?code=abc\u0026state=test123\u0027 \\\n -H \u0027X-Forwarded-Host: google.com\u0027 \\\n -H \u0027X-Forwarded-Proto: https\u0027\n```\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1504\" height=\"304\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b71d937d-7be2-49db-8f3d-e07371912800\" /\u003e\n\n\n### Impact\n\n---\n\n- It can force users to redirect to untrusted external domains, leading to subsequent attacks such as phishing, credential harvesting, and session fixation.\n- It can disrupt the OAuth/OIDC flow user experience by redirecting users to malicious domains disguised as legitimate pages (even though this path doesn\u0027t directly include tokens, it can be exploited for social engineering attacks through redirect chains).\n- The impact can be amplified when redirect chains are combined with other vulnerabilities such as CSP bypass or cache poisoning.",
"id": "GHSA-xph5-278p-26qx",
"modified": "2025-10-13T15:56:03Z",
"published": "2025-09-24T21:34:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/security/advisories/GHSA-xph5-278p-26qx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/70f52a3c1fadbd41a9db0e699d1e44d9965de445"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/blob/aa841a3879c30142720485182ad62aa0dbd74edc/src/app/(backend)/oidc/consent/route.ts#L113-L127"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "lobe-chat has an Open Redirect"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.