CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2569 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QV2M-WJH4-MV79
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the JDBC component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.31, 21.3-21.22 and 23.4.0-23.26.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker having None privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise JDBC. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of JDBC. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47045"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the JDBC component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.31, 21.3-21.22 and 23.4.0-23.26.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker having None privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise JDBC. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of JDBC. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-qv2m-wjh4-mv79",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QV78-6GPP-HM68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-03 19:07A flaw was found in Moodle. An Open Redirect vulnerability in the OAuth login flow allows a remote attacker to redirect users to attacker-controlled pages after they have successfully authenticated. This occurs due to insufficient validation of redirect parameters, which could lead to phishing attacks or information disclosure.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.5.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.1.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67852"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-03T19:07:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-03T11:15:55Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Moodle. An Open Redirect vulnerability in the OAuth login flow allows a remote attacker to redirect users to attacker-controlled pages after they have successfully authenticated. This occurs due to insufficient validation of redirect parameters, which could lead to phishing attacks or information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-qv78-6gpp-hm68",
"modified": "2026-02-03T19:07:08Z",
"published": "2026-02-03T12:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/fa1624c8c9e3efa917f0e9d2666bb59d8be2a975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-67852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2423844"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=471302"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-QW56-PPFR-5W5F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:47 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:47IBM Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 133562.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1668"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-09T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 133562.",
"id": "GHSA-qw56-ppfr-5w5f",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:47:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:47:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1668"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/133562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22012010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102430"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QW6R-H4PP-RJ89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:25 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:25A vulnerability in a URL parameter of Cisco WebEx Meeting Center could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to perform site redirection. More Information: CSCzu78401. Known Affected Releases: T28.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-3799"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-26T07:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in a URL parameter of Cisco WebEx Meeting Center could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to perform site redirection. More Information: CSCzu78401. Known Affected Releases: T28.1.",
"id": "GHSA-qw6r-h4pp-rj89",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:25:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:25:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170118-wms4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037647"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWF3-2MWH-CCXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:31An Open Redirect vulnerability (CWE-601) exists in the OAuth/OIDC authentication implementation of the Axivion Dashboard. The login flow did not properly restrict the post-authentication redirect to the application's own origin, so a user who follows a crafted login link can be sent to an untrusted external site after authenticating against the genuine Dashboard. Because the link points at the legitimate Dashboard, this can be abused for phishing, for example credential or second-factor theft via a convincing look-alike page. Exploitation requires the victim to follow the attacker-supplied link and complete the authentication flow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12379"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T16:18:59Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability (CWE-601) exists in the OAuth/OIDC authentication implementation of the Axivion Dashboard. The login flow did not properly restrict the post-authentication redirect to the application\u0027s own origin, so a user who follows a crafted login link can be sent to an untrusted external site after authenticating against the genuine Dashboard. Because the link points at the legitimate Dashboard, this can be abused for phishing, for example credential or second-factor theft via a convincing look-alike page. Exploitation requires the victim to follow the attacker-supplied link and complete the authentication flow.",
"id": "GHSA-qwf3-2mwh-ccxc",
"modified": "2026-07-16T18:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T18:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.qt.io/List_of_known_vulnerabilities_in_Qt_products#CVE-2026-12379"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:M/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWG3-2X2M-XW4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Versions 9.0.1 and prior is vulnerable to redirection, which may allow an attacker to send a maliciously crafted URL that could result in redirecting a user to a malicious webpage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-18T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Versions 9.0.1 and prior is vulnerable to redirection, which may allow an attacker to send a maliciously crafted URL that could result in redirecting a user to a malicious webpage.",
"id": "GHSA-qwg3-2x2m-xw4g",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-168-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-QXRV-GQVH-97CR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-27 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-08 00:30An issue was discovered in NetScout nGeniusONE 6.3.2 build 904. Open Redirection can occur (issue 2 of 2). After successful login, an attacker must visit the vulnerable parameter and inject a crafted payload to successfully redirect to an unknown host. The attack vector is Network, and the Attack Complexity required is High. Privileges required are administrator, User Interaction is required, and Scope is unchanged. The user must visit the vulnerable parameter and inject a crafted payload to successfully redirect to an unknown host.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-27T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in NetScout nGeniusONE 6.3.2 build 904. Open Redirection can occur (issue 2 of 2). After successful login, an attacker must visit the vulnerable parameter and inject a crafted payload to successfully redirect to an unknown host. The attack vector is Network, and the Attack Complexity required is High. Privileges required are administrator, User Interaction is required, and Scope is unchanged. The user must visit the vulnerable parameter and inject a crafted payload to successfully redirect to an unknown host.",
"id": "GHSA-qxrv-gqvh-97cr",
"modified": "2023-02-08T00:30:35Z",
"published": "2023-01-27T15:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netscout.com/securityadvisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R24F-5X7X-CFP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in Shanghai Shizhi Information Technology Co., Ltd Shihuo iOS 8.16.0 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Shanghai Shizhi Information Technology Co., Ltd Shihuo iOS 8.16.0 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-r24f-5x7x-cfp5",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/241230-Shihuo/241230-Shihuo.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R26V-98QJ-48Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-26 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-10 17:46A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Xuxueli xxl-sso 1.1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /xxl-sso-server/doLogin. The manipulation of the argument redirect_url leads to open redirect. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.xuxueli:xxl-sso"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-10T17:46:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-26T16:15:36Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Xuxueli xxl-sso 1.1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /xxl-sso-server/doLogin. The manipulation of the argument redirect_url leads to open redirect. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-r26v-98qj-48q9",
"modified": "2025-07-10T17:46:54Z",
"published": "2025-06-26T18:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/main/POC-20250616-02.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xuxueli/xxl-sso"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.313967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.313967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.597472"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "XXL SSO is vulnerable to an Open Redirect through malicious manipulation of the redirect_url argument "
}
GHSA-R27C-C98M-6X4Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:08 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:08Symantec Advanced Secure Gateway (ASG) 6.6, ASG 6.7 prior to 6.7.2.1, ProxySG 6.5 prior to 6.5.10.6, ProxySG 6.6, and ProxySG 6.7 prior to 6.7.2.1 are susceptible to an open redirection vulnerability. A remote attacker can use a crafted management console URL in a phishing attack to redirect the target user to a malicious web site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-9099"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-11T14:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Symantec Advanced Secure Gateway (ASG) 6.6, ASG 6.7 prior to 6.7.2.1, ProxySG 6.5 prior to 6.5.10.6, ProxySG 6.6, and ProxySG 6.7 prior to 6.7.2.1 are susceptible to an open redirection vulnerability. A remote attacker can use a crafted management console URL in a phishing attack to redirect the target user to a malicious web site.",
"id": "GHSA-r27c-c98m-6x4q",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:08:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:08:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/network-protection-security-advisories/SA155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040138"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.