CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2570 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QMM9-X5GR-4GFM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-07-18 21:20 – Updated: 2023-01-31 01:42Versions of hekto before 0.2.4 are vulnerable to open redirect when a domain name is used as part of the .html filename.
Recommendation
Update to version 0.2.4 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "hekto"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-3743"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:52:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-01T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of `hekto` before 0.2.4 are vulnerable to open redirect when a domain name is used as part of the `.html` filename.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 0.2.4 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-qmm9-x5gr-4gfm",
"modified": "2023-01-31T01:42:14Z",
"published": "2018-07-18T21:20:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/herber/hekto/pull/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/herber/hekto/commit/1e5c75f8259ba0daf9b2600db3c246cda1934c46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/320693"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qmm9-x5gr-4gfm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/669"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in hekto"
}
GHSA-QPGQ-5G92-J5Q8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 20:11 – Updated: 2026-05-15 23:48Summary
Mage_ProductAlert_AddController::stockAction() reads the uenc query parameter and passes it directly to $this->_redirectUrl($backUrl) without calling $this->_isUrlInternal() When the supplied product_id does not match any catalog product, the server issues an unvalidated HTTP 302 redirect to whatever URL was provided as uenc.
Vulnerable path:
// app/code/core/Mage/ProductAlert/controllers/AddController.php : stockAction()
$backUrl = $this->getRequest()->getParam(Mage_Core_Controller_Front_Action::PARAM_NAME_URL_ENCODED); // raw, no decode
$productId = (int) $this->getRequest()->getParam('product_id');
if (!$backUrl || !$productId) {
$this->_redirect('/');
return;
}
$product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->load($productId);
if (!$product->getId()) {
$session->addError($this->__('Not enough parameters.'));
$this->_redirectUrl($backUrl); // ← NO _isUrlInternal() check
return;
}
Secure peer (priceAction()):
if (!$product->getId()) {
if ($this->_isUrlInternal($backUrl)) { // ← validation present
$this->_redirectUrl($backUrl);
} else {
$this->_redirect('/');
}
return;
}
Steps to Reproduce
Prerequisites
- OpenMage LTS ≤ 20.16.0 with Product Alerts enabled (default configuration)
- A valid, logged-in customer session on the target store
Step 1 – Authenticate as a Customer (Attacker controls the crafted link; victim must be logged in)
The preDispatch() hook calls Mage::getSingleton('customer/session')->authenticate($this). If the request comes from an unauthenticated user, they are redirected to the login page first. The open redirect only fires after the customer is authenticated. This is the realistic attack scenario: the attacker sends a crafted link to a customer who is already logged in.
Step 2 – Craft the Malicious URL
The uenc parameter is read raw via getParam() with no base64 decoding in this code path. A plain URL is sufficient and produces the redirect:
GET /productalert/add/stock/?product_id=99999&uenc=https://evil.com/steal-credentials HTTP/1.1
Host: <store-hostname>
Cookie: om_frontend=<authenticated-session>
Key conditions:
- product_id must reference a non-existent product (triggers the vulnerable branch; any large ID works)
- uenc is the raw destination URL (no base64 encoding required)
Impact
Technical Impact
An attacker who controls the uenc parameter value can redirect any logged-in shopper to an arbitrary external URL. Because the redirect originates from the legitimate store domain, the victim’s browser shows the trusted store URL in the address bar momentarily before being sent to the attacker site. The HTTP 302 response exits the store’s origin before the browser shows anything to the user.
Business-Level Attack Vectors
| Scenario | Description |
|---|---|
| Credential phishing | Craft a link claiming to show a stock notification. Customer lands on attacker’s login clone and reuses their password. |
| OAuth / SSO token theft | If the store uses a social login or “Login with Google” flow, the attacker can inject their redirect_uri via the open redirect, stealing OAuth tokens. |
| Affiliate fraud | Redirect customers from the legitimate store to a competing retailer after they click a “notify me” link. |
| Malware distribution | Redirect to drive-by-download pages with the store’s reputation acting as social proof. |
Propagation
A single malicious link can be embedded in:
- Customer emails (“Click here for stock notification preferences”)
- Forum posts, social media, or product reviews on the store
- SEO-poisoned search results that rank the store’s domain
Recommended Fix
Apply the same _isUrlInternal() guard used in priceAction() to the stockAction() missing-product
This is an AI-generated report.
An attempt was made to test the same PoC against the online demo https://demo.openmage.org/ but it couldn't be reproduced. It was only reproduced against the local setup env against the latest version.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 20.17.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "openmage/magento-lts"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "20.18.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42207"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T20:11:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T17:16:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n`Mage_ProductAlert_AddController::stockAction()` reads the uenc query parameter and passes it directly to `$this-\u003e_redirectUrl($backUrl)` without calling `$this-\u003e_isUrlInternal()` When the supplied `product_id` does not match any catalog product, the server issues an unvalidated HTTP 302 redirect to whatever URL was provided as `uenc`.\n\n## Vulnerable path:\n\n```php\n// app/code/core/Mage/ProductAlert/controllers/AddController.php : stockAction()\n\n$backUrl = $this-\u003egetRequest()-\u003egetParam(Mage_Core_Controller_Front_Action::PARAM_NAME_URL_ENCODED); // raw, no decode\n$productId = (int) $this-\u003egetRequest()-\u003egetParam(\u0027product_id\u0027);\n\nif (!$backUrl || !$productId) {\n $this-\u003e_redirect(\u0027/\u0027);\n return;\n}\n\n$product = Mage::getModel(\u0027catalog/product\u0027)-\u003eload($productId);\n\nif (!$product-\u003egetId()) {\n $session-\u003eaddError($this-\u003e__(\u0027Not enough parameters.\u0027));\n $this-\u003e_redirectUrl($backUrl); // \u2190 NO _isUrlInternal() check\n return;\n}\n```\n\n### Secure peer (priceAction()):\n\n```php\nif (!$product-\u003egetId()) {\n if ($this-\u003e_isUrlInternal($backUrl)) { // \u2190 validation present\n $this-\u003e_redirectUrl($backUrl);\n } else {\n $this-\u003e_redirect(\u0027/\u0027);\n }\n return;\n}\n```\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n### Prerequisites\n- OpenMage LTS \u2264 20.16.0 with Product Alerts enabled (default configuration)\n- A valid, logged-in customer session on the target store\n\n#### Step 1 \u2013 Authenticate as a Customer (Attacker controls the crafted link; victim must be logged in)\n\nThe `preDispatch()` hook calls `Mage::getSingleton(\u0027customer/session\u0027)-\u003eauthenticate($this)`. If the request comes from an unauthenticated user, they are redirected to the login page first. The open redirect only fires after the customer is authenticated. This is the realistic attack scenario: the attacker sends a crafted link to a customer who is already logged in.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1548\" height=\"638\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/64c18279-ec0a-4110-b8f4-d952870e348c\" /\u003e\n\n#### Step 2 \u2013 Craft the Malicious URL\nThe `uenc` parameter is read raw via `getParam()` with no base64 decoding in this code path. A plain URL is sufficient and produces the redirect:\n\n```\nGET /productalert/add/stock/?product_id=99999\u0026uenc=https://evil.com/steal-credentials HTTP/1.1\nHost: \u003cstore-hostname\u003e\nCookie: om_frontend=\u003cauthenticated-session\u003e\n```\n\nKey conditions:\n- `product_id` must reference a non-existent product (triggers the vulnerable branch; any large ID works)\n- `uenc` is the raw destination URL (no base64 encoding required)\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1554\" height=\"852\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d8530247-2d2f-4747-bf16-ece71a507b50\" /\u003e\n\n\n## Impact\n\n### Technical Impact\nAn attacker who controls the `uenc` parameter value can redirect any logged-in shopper to an arbitrary external URL. Because the redirect originates from the legitimate store domain, the victim\u2019s browser shows the trusted store URL in the address bar momentarily before being sent to the attacker site. The HTTP 302 response exits the store\u2019s origin before the browser shows anything to the user.\n\n### Business-Level Attack Vectors\n| Scenario | Description |\n|------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| Credential phishing | Craft a link claiming to show a stock notification. Customer lands on attacker\u2019s login clone and reuses their password. |\n| OAuth / SSO token theft| If the store uses a social login or \u201cLogin with Google\u201d flow, the attacker can inject their redirect_uri via the open redirect, stealing OAuth tokens. |\n| Affiliate fraud | Redirect customers from the legitimate store to a competing retailer after they click a \u201cnotify me\u201d link. |\n| Malware distribution | Redirect to drive-by-download pages with the store\u2019s reputation acting as social proof. |\n\n### Propagation\nA single malicious link can be embedded in:\n\n- Customer emails (\u201cClick here for stock notification preferences\u201d)\n- Forum posts, social media, or product reviews on the store\n- SEO-poisoned search results that rank the store\u2019s domain\n\n## Recommended Fix\nApply the same `_isUrlInternal()` guard used in `priceAction()` to the `stockAction()` missing-product\n\n\nThis is an AI-generated report.\n\nAn attempt was made to test the same PoC against the online demo https://demo.openmage.org/ but it couldn\u0027t be reproduced. It was only reproduced against the local setup env against the latest version.",
"id": "GHSA-qpgq-5g92-j5q8",
"modified": "2026-05-15T23:48:48Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T20:11:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/security/advisories/GHSA-qpgq-5g92-j5q8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42207"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Magento LTS Vulnerable to Open Redirect via Unvalidated `uenc` Parameter in `stockAction()`"
}
GHSA-QPHC-HF5Q-V8FC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-14 21:19 – Updated: 2024-02-08 12:30Specially crafted "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.
Impacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this:
config.hosts << '.EXAMPLE.com'
When an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website.
This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881 and CVE-2021-22942.
Releases
The fixed releases are available at the normal locations.
Patches
To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.
- 6-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.0 series
- 6-1-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.1 series
- 7-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 7.0 series
Please note that only the 6.1.Z, 6.0.Z, and 5.2.Z series are supported at present. Users of earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we cannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported releases.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.0.4.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "actionpack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.1.4.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "actionpack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.1.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-14T21:12:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-10T14:10:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Specially crafted \"X-Forwarded-Host\" headers in combination with certain \"allowed host\" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.\n\nImpacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this:\n\n```\nconfig.hosts \u003c\u003c \u0027.EXAMPLE.com\u0027\n```\n\nWhen an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website.\n\nThis vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881 and CVE-2021-22942.\n\nReleases\n--------\nThe fixed releases are available at the normal locations.\n\nPatches\n-------\nTo aid users who aren\u0027t able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.\n\n* 6-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.0 series\n* 6-1-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.1 series\n* 7-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 7.0 series\n\nPlease note that only the 6.1.Z, 6.0.Z, and 5.2.Z series are supported at present. Users of earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we cannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported releases.",
"id": "GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc",
"modified": "2024-02-08T12:30:47Z",
"published": "2021-12-14T21:19:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0fccfb9a3097a9c4260c791f1a40b128517e7815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/aecba3c301b80e9d5a63c30ea1b287bceaf2c107"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rails/rails"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/v6.1.4.2/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md#rails-6142-december-14-2021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionpack/CVE-2021-44528.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ?utm_medium=email\u0026utm_source=footer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240208-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5372"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "actionpack Open Redirect in Host Authorization Middleware"
}
GHSA-QPM3-VR34-H8W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-07 00:30 – Updated: 2025-03-27 03:53Caddy v2.4.6 was discovered to contain an open redirection vulnerability which allows attackers to redirect users to phishing websites via crafted URLs
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.0-beta.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-15T15:35:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-06T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Caddy v2.4.6 was discovered to contain an open redirection vulnerability which allows attackers to redirect users to phishing websites via crafted URLs",
"id": "GHSA-qpm3-vr34-h8w8",
"modified": "2025-03-27T03:53:05Z",
"published": "2023-02-07T00:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/commit/78b5356f2b1945a90de1ef7f2c7669d82098edbd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lednerb.de/en/publications/responsible-disclosure/caddy-open-redirect-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-1567"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in Caddy"
}
GHSA-QQ3F-H5R7-2W66
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-07 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks. Integration for Constant Contact and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms.This issue affects Integration for Constant Contact and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms: from n/a through 1.1.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-07T12:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in CRM Perks. Integration for Constant Contact and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms.This issue affects Integration for Constant Contact and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms: from n/a through 1.1.4.",
"id": "GHSA-qq3f-h5r7-2w66",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:18Z",
"published": "2023-12-07T12:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/cf7-constant-contact/wordpress-integration-for-contact-form-7-and-constant-contact-plugin-1-1-4-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQHX-23CG-7WXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:01 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:01Eventum before 3.4.0 has an open redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16761"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-09T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Eventum before 3.4.0 has an open redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-qqhx-23cg-7wxp",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:01:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:01:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eventum/eventum/releases/tag/v3.4.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQXW-M5FJ-F7GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-20 18:02 – Updated: 2021-05-24 21:20Impact
An open redirect vulnerability has been found in oauth2_proxy. Anyone who uses oauth2_proxy may potentially be impacted.
For a context [detectify] have an in depth blog post about the potential impact of an open redirect. Particularly see the OAuth section.
tl;dr: People's authentication tokens could be silently harvested by an attacker. e.g:
facebook.com/oauth.php?clientid=123&state=abc&redirect_url=https://yourdomain.com/red.php?url%3dhttps://attacker.com/
Patches
@sauyon found the issue, and has submitted a patch.
diff --git a/oauthproxy.go b/oauthproxy.go
index 72ab580..f420df6 100644
--- a/oauthproxy.go
+++ b/oauthproxy.go
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ func (p *OAuthProxy) GetRedirect(req *http.Request) (redirect string, err error)
// IsValidRedirect checks whether the redirect URL is whitelisted
func (p *OAuthProxy) IsValidRedirect(redirect string) bool {
switch {
- case strings.HasPrefix(redirect, "/") && !strings.HasPrefix(redirect, "//"):
+ case strings.HasPrefix(redirect, "/") && !strings.HasPrefix(redirect, "//") && !strings.HasPrefix(redirect, "/\\"):
return true
case strings.HasPrefix(redirect, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(redirect, "https://"):
redirectURL, err := url.Parse(redirect)
This patch will be applied to the next release, which is scheduled for when this is publicly disclosed.
Workarounds
At this stage there is no work around.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-5233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-24T21:20:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAn open redirect vulnerability has been found in `oauth2_proxy`. Anyone who uses `oauth2_proxy` may potentially be impacted. \n\nFor a context [detectify] have an in depth blog post about the potential impact of an open redirect. Particularly see the OAuth section.\n\n**tl;dr**: People\u0027s authentication tokens could be silently harvested by an attacker. e.g:\n`facebook.com/oauth.php?clientid=123\u0026state=abc\u0026redirect_url=https://yourdomain.com/red.php?url%3dhttps://attacker.com/`\n\n### Patches\n\n@sauyon found the issue, and has submitted a patch. \n\n```\ndiff --git a/oauthproxy.go b/oauthproxy.go\nindex 72ab580..f420df6 100644\n--- a/oauthproxy.go\n+++ b/oauthproxy.go\n@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ func (p *OAuthProxy) GetRedirect(req *http.Request) (redirect string, err error)\n // IsValidRedirect checks whether the redirect URL is whitelisted\n func (p *OAuthProxy) IsValidRedirect(redirect string) bool {\n \tswitch {\n-\tcase strings.HasPrefix(redirect, \"/\") \u0026\u0026 !strings.HasPrefix(redirect, \"//\"):\n+\tcase strings.HasPrefix(redirect, \"/\") \u0026\u0026 !strings.HasPrefix(redirect, \"//\") \u0026\u0026 !strings.HasPrefix(redirect, \"/\\\\\"):\n \t\treturn true\n \tcase strings.HasPrefix(redirect, \"http://\") || strings.HasPrefix(redirect, \"https://\"):\n \t\tredirectURL, err := url.Parse(redirect)\n```\n\nThis patch will be applied to the next release, which is scheduled for when this is publicly disclosed.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAt this stage there is no work around.",
"id": "GHSA-qqxw-m5fj-f7gv",
"modified": "2021-05-24T21:20:17Z",
"published": "2021-12-20T18:02:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-qqxw-m5fj-f7gv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2_proxy/commit/a316f8a06f3c0ca2b5fc5fa18a91781b313607b2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.detectify.com/2019/05/16/the-real-impact-of-an-open-redirect"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2_proxy/releases/tag/v5.0.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "The pattern \u0027/\\domain.com\u0027 is not disallowed when redirecting, allowing for open redirect"
}
GHSA-QR4G-CHW5-GPRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:41 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:41The SV3C HD Camera (L-SERIES V2.3.4.2103-S50-NTD-B20170508B and V2.3.4.2103-S50-NTD-B20170823B) does not perform origin checks on URLs that the camera's web interface redirects a user to. This can be leveraged to send a user to an unexpected endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-19T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The SV3C HD Camera (L-SERIES V2.3.4.2103-S50-NTD-B20170508B and V2.3.4.2103-S50-NTD-B20170823B) does not perform origin checks on URLs that the camera\u0027s web interface redirects a user to. This can be leveraged to send a user to an unexpected endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-qr4g-chw5-gprj",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:41:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:41:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bishopfox.com/news/2018/10/sv3c-l-series-hd-camera-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR9H-F4FQ-2H85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:09A vulnerability was found in mod_auth_mellon before v0.14.2. An open redirect in the logout URL allows requests with backslashes to pass through by assuming that it is a relative URL, while the browsers silently convert backslash characters into forward slashes treating them as an absolute URL. This mismatch allows an attacker to bypass the redirect URL validation logic in apr_uri_parse function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-3877"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-27T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in mod_auth_mellon before v0.14.2. An open redirect in the logout URL allows requests with backslashes to pass through by assuming that it is a relative URL, while the browsers silently convert backslash characters into forward slashes treating them as an absolute URL. This mismatch allows an attacker to bypass the redirect URL validation logic in apr_uri_parse function.",
"id": "GHSA-qr9h-f4fq-2h85",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:09:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:09:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Uninett/mod_auth_mellon/issues/35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Uninett/mod_auth_mellon/commit/62041428a32de402e0be6ba45fe12df6a83bedb8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-3877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CNW5YMC5TLWVWNJEY6AIWNSNPRAMWPQJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/X7NLAU7KROWNTHAYSA2S67X347F42L2I"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3924-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRPP-3CGC-4JFF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:48 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:48IBM Marketing Platform 10.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, caused by an open redirect vulnerability in various scripts. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to redirect a victim to arbitrary Web sites. IBM X-Force ID: 110236.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-0228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-17T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Marketing Platform 10.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, caused by an open redirect vulnerability in various scripts. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to redirect a victim to arbitrary Web sites. IBM X-Force ID: 110236.",
"id": "GHSA-qrpp-3cgc-4jff",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:48:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:48:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22001952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97670"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.