CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WJJW-RWXQ-7F7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-05 15:33 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:31The Frontend Post WordPress Plugin WordPress plugin through 2.8.4 does not validate an attribute of one of its shortcode, which could allow users with a role as low as contributor to add a malicious shortcode to a page/post, which will redirect users to an arbitrary domain.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4946"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-05T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Frontend Post WordPress Plugin WordPress plugin through 2.8.4 does not validate an attribute of one of its shortcode, which could allow users with a role as low as contributor to add a malicious shortcode to a page/post, which will redirect users to an arbitrary domain.",
"id": "GHSA-wjjw-rwxq-7f7p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:31:46Z",
"published": "2023-06-05T15:33:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4946"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/6e222018-a3e0-4af0-846c-6f00b67dfbc0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WJW7-PCJ2-4PRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-19 00:00An open redirect vulnerability exists in CERT/CC VINCE software prior to 1.5.0. An attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link. When an authenticated user clicks the link, the authenticated user's browser could be redirected to a malicious site that is designed to impersonate a legitimate website. The attacker could trick the user and potentially acquire sensitive information such as the user's credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25799"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-16T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability exists in CERT/CC VINCE software prior to 1.5.0. An attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link. When an authenticated user clicks the link, the authenticated user\u0027s browser could be redirected to a malicious site that is designed to impersonate a legitimate website. The attacker could trick the user and potentially acquire sensitive information such as the user\u0027s credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-wjw7-pcj2-4prm",
"modified": "2022-08-19T00:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-08-17T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CERTCC/VINCE/issues/45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Unvalidated_Redirects_and_Forwards_Cheat_Sheet.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WM32-3R4M-JVCC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-07 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-12 22:47A vulnerability was found in Symbiote Seed up to 6.0.2. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function onBeforeSecurityLogin of the file code/extensions/SecurityLoginExtension.php of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument URL leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 6.0.3 can address this issue. The name of the patch is b065ebd82da53009d273aa7e989191f701485244. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-217626 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symbiote/silverstripe-seed"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-20164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-09T21:54:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-07T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Symbiote Seed up to 6.0.2. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function `onBeforeSecurityLogin` of the file `code/extensions/SecurityLoginExtension.php` of the component `Login`. The manipulation of the argument URL leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 6.0.3 can address this issue. The name of the patch is b065ebd82da53009d273aa7e989191f701485244. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-217626 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-wm32-3r4m-jvcc",
"modified": "2023-01-12T22:47:55Z",
"published": "2023-01-07T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/symbiote/silverstripe-seed/commit/b065ebd82da53009d273aa7e989191f701485244"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/symbiote/silverstripe-seed"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/symbiote/silverstripe-seed/releases/tag/6.0.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Symbiote Seed Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-WM86-W3CF-H6VM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:36 – Updated: 2024-04-23 22:16Drupal core 7.x versions before 7.57 has an external link injection vulnerability when the language switcher block is used. A similar vulnerability exists in various custom and contributed modules. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to trick users into unwillingly navigating to an external site.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.57"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.57"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6932"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-23T22:16:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-01T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Drupal core 7.x versions before 7.57 has an external link injection vulnerability when the language switcher block is used. A similar vulnerability exists in various custom and contributed modules. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to trick users into unwillingly navigating to an external site.",
"id": "GHSA-wm86-w3cf-h6vm",
"modified": "2024-04-23T22:16:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:36:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/core/CVE-2017-6932.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/drupal/CVE-2017-6932.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/drupal/core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/02/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2018-001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Drupal external link injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-WPC4-CVH9-79P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Automattic Newspack Newsletters allows Phishing. This issue affects Newspack Newsletters: from n/a through 3.13.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-06T13:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Automattic Newspack Newsletters allows Phishing. This issue affects Newspack Newsletters: from n/a through 3.13.0.",
"id": "GHSA-wpc4-cvh9-79p3",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:23Z",
"published": "2025-06-06T15:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/newspack-newsletters/vulnerability/wordpress-newspack-newsletters-3-13-0-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WPQM-4GWX-W843
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-06-30 17:29With valid login credentials, URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect'), Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Apache Shiro.
This issue affects Apache Shiro from 2.0-alpha to 2.1.0, and 3.0.0-alpha-1, only when using shiro-jakarta-ee integration module.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.1.1, or 3.0.0-alpha-2 or later, which fixes the issue by encrypting the cookie.
After successful login, Jakarta EE integration module uses shiroSavedRequest cookie to redirect to a particular web page after login. This cookie was not validated, and can be forged to send a HTTP GET request from the server itself to an arbitrary URL from the cookie.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.shiro:shiro-jakarta-ee"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-alpha-0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.shiro:shiro-jakarta-ee"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0-alpha-1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.0-alpha-2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"3.0.0-alpha-1"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44598"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T17:29:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T21:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "With valid login credentials, URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027), Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Apache Shiro.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Shiro from 2.0-alpha to 2.1.0, and 3.0.0-alpha-1,\u00a0only when using shiro-jakarta-ee integration module.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.1.1, or 3.0.0-alpha-2 or later, which fixes the issue by encrypting the cookie.\n\nAfter successful login, Jakarta EE integration module uses shiroSavedRequest cookie to redirect to a particular web page after login.\nThis cookie was not validated, and can be forged to send a HTTP GET request from the server itself to an arbitrary URL from the cookie.",
"id": "GHSA-wpqm-4gwx-w843",
"modified": "2026-06-30T17:29:49Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44598"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/shiro"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://shiro.apache.org/security-reports.html#cve_2026_44598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/25/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/S:N/AU:Y/R:A/V:D/RE:L/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Shiro Vulnerable to Open Redirect, Server-Side Request Forgery"
}
GHSA-WPVR-V2CC-F6QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:29After downloading a Windows .url shortcut from the local filesystem, an attacker could supply a remote path that would lead to unexpected network requests from the operating system. This also had the potential to leak NTLM credentials to the resource.
This bug only affects Firefox on Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 110, Thunderbird < 102.8, and Firefox ESR < 102.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "After downloading a Windows \u003ccode\u003e.url\u003c/code\u003e shortcut from the local filesystem, an attacker could supply a remote path that would lead to unexpected network requests from the operating system. This also had the potential to leak NTLM credentials to the resource.\u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affects Firefox on Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 110, Thunderbird \u003c 102.8, and Firefox ESR \u003c 102.8.",
"id": "GHSA-wpvr-v2cc-f6qx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:29:58Z",
"published": "2023-06-02T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1784451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1809923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1810143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1812338"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-05"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-07"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WQ5J-WJP2-4F74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Akshar Soft Solutions AS English Admin allows Phishing. This issue affects AS English Admin: from n/a through 1.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T21:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Akshar Soft Solutions AS English Admin allows Phishing. This issue affects AS English Admin: from n/a through 1.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-wq5j-wjp2-4f74",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:56Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/as-english-admin/vulnerability/wordpress-as-english-admin-plugin-1-0-0-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WQ63-QGC3-2P5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 06:31 – Updated: 2026-03-11 06:31A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of AOS-CX Switches could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T04:17:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of AOS-CX Switches could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary URL.",
"id": "GHSA-wq63-qgc3-2p5r",
"modified": "2026-03-11T06:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-03-11T06:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw05027en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WQCX-VPC9-7HV3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-07 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-10 00:00RStudio Connect is affected by an Open Redirect issue. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to redirect users to malicious websites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "RStudio Connect is affected by an Open Redirect issue. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to redirect users to malicious websites.",
"id": "GHSA-wqcx-vpc9-7hv3",
"modified": "2022-09-10T00:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-09-07T00:01:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.posit.co/hc/en-us/articles/10983374992023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tenable.com/security/research/tra-2022-30"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.