CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2318 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J322-33XF-RQJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-09 00:00In Nagios XI through 5.8.5, an open redirect vulnerability exists in the login function that could lead to spoofing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-29T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Nagios XI through 5.8.5, an open redirect vulnerability exists in the login function that could lead to spoofing.",
"id": "GHSA-j322-33xf-rqj8",
"modified": "2022-07-09T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-06-30T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagiosxi/CHANGES-5.TXT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/4LPH4-NL/CVEs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sT0wn-nl/CVEs/blob/master/README.md#nagios-xi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nagios.com/downloads/nagios-xi/change-log"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J3RF-4HX8-VJ3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.24, LTS SP1, 2026.04 and earlier are affected by an Improper Redirect (Open Redirect) vulnerability that could lead to account takeover. An attacker could construct a malicious URL that redirects a victim to an attacker-controlled site. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must click on a malicious link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47991"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T17:17:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.24, LTS SP1, 2026.04 and earlier are affected by an Improper Redirect (Open Redirect) vulnerability that could lead to account takeover. An attacker could construct a malicious URL that redirects a victim to an attacker-controlled site. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must click on a malicious link.",
"id": "GHSA-j3rf-4hx8-vj3q",
"modified": "2026-06-09T18:30:58Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T18:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47991"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb26-56.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J4MP-34PX-QW9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:51 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:51Jensen of Scandinavia AS Air:Link 3G (AL3G) version 2.23m (Rev. 3), Air:Link 5000AC (AL5000AC) version 1.13, and Air:Link 59300 (AL59300) version 1.04 (Rev. 4) devices allow remote attackers to conduct Open Redirect attacks via the submit-url parameter to certain /goform/* pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10315"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-03T05:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jensen of Scandinavia AS Air:Link 3G (AL3G) version 2.23m (Rev. 3), Air:Link 5000AC (AL5000AC) version 1.13, and Air:Link 59300 (AL59300) version 1.04 (Rev. 4) devices allow remote attackers to conduct Open Redirect attacks via the submit-url parameter to certain /goform/* pages.",
"id": "GHSA-j4mp-34px-qw9p",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:51:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:51:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.riskbasedsecurity.com/research/RBS-2016-004.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J4PH-GQH2-8F93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-j4ph-gqh2-8f93",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-18.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J4PP-7FRR-P9J2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-03 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:22StarTrinity Softswitch version 2023-02-16 - Open Redirect (CWE-601)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39371"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-03T15:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\n\n\nStarTrinity Softswitch version 2023-02-16 -\u00a0Open Redirect (CWE-601)\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-j4pp-7frr-p9j2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:22:45Z",
"published": "2023-09-03T15:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/faq/cve_advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J544-XR97-JQ4P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-j544-xr97-jq4p",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-18.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J58G-5HHR-9QHV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-06 18:33 – Updated: 2026-04-06 21:31An open redirect in Ascertia SigningHub User v10.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61166"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T18:16:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect in Ascertia SigningHub User v10.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-j58g-5hhr-9qhv",
"modified": "2026-04-06T21:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-04-06T18:33:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://linkedin.com/in/thakur-nikhil"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@rajput.thakur/malicious-open-redirection-cve-2025-61166-bf5d708cd241"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J5FW-JQR7-2J8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:34 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:34An Open Redirect vulnerability in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 5.4.0 through 5.4.2 and FortiManager 5.4.0 through 5.4.2 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via the next parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-3126"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-27T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 5.4.0 through 5.4.2 and FortiManager 5.4.0 through 5.4.2 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via the next parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-j5fw-jqr7-2j8g",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:34:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:34:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-17-014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038540"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J5R2-4C8J-XC3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:10 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:10Details
Despite the validation within urlIsRelative in modules/httplib/url.go, an open redirect is still possible due to usage of directory traversal sequences plus a back-slash in the "redirect_to" parameter.
PoC
When a user uses this URL to login:
https://gitea.com/user/login?redirect_to=/a/../\example.com
They would be redirected to example.com upon a successful login to their gitea account.
Impact
- Phishing: Attackers can use trusted domain links to redirect victims to credential-harvesting pages
- OAuth/SSO Token Theft: In authentication flows, authorization codes or tokens may leak via redirect
- Referer Leakage: Sensitive URL parameters may be exposed to attacker domains via the Referer header
- Cache Poisoning: In deployments with shared caches, malicious redirects may be cached and served to other users
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.25.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.26.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-17T18:10:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Details\n\nDespite the validation within `urlIsRelative` in `modules/httplib/url.go`, an open redirect is still possible due to usage of directory traversal sequences plus a back-slash in the \"redirect_to\" parameter.\n\n### PoC\n\nWhen a user uses this URL to login:\n\n`https://gitea.com/user/login?redirect_to=/a/../\\example.com`\n\nThey would be redirected to `example.com` upon a successful login to their gitea account.\n\n### Impact\n\n* Phishing: Attackers can use trusted domain links to redirect victims to credential-harvesting pages\n* OAuth/SSO Token Theft: In authentication flows, authorization codes or tokens may leak via redirect\n* Referer Leakage: Sensitive URL parameters may be exposed to attacker domains via the Referer header\n* Cache Poisoning: In deployments with shared caches, malicious redirects may be cached and served to other users",
"id": "GHSA-j5r2-4c8j-xc3m",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:10:46Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:10:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/advisories/GHSA-j5r2-4c8j-xc3m"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Gitea: Open Redirect via redirect_to"
}
GHSA-J628-384G-RMGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-21 01:57 – Updated: 2024-02-06 23:03TYPO3 before 4.1.14, 4.2.x before 4.2.13, 4.3.x before 4.3.4 and 4.4.x before 4.4.1 allows Open Redirection on the backend.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-3661"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-06T23:03:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-01T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TYPO3 before 4.1.14, 4.2.x before 4.2.13, 4.3.x before 4.3.4 and 4.4.x before 4.4.1 allows Open Redirection on the backend.",
"id": "GHSA-j628-384g-rmgc",
"modified": "2024-02-06T23:03:14Z",
"published": "2022-04-21T01:57:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-3661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=590719"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3-CMS/backend"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2010-3661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-sa-2010-012/#Open_Redirection"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "TYPO3 Open Redirection vulnerability on the backend"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.