CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2335 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6Q66-F3V9-MWR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-29 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-03 21:31An Open Redirect vulnerability in the page parameter of vTiger CRM v7.4.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44776"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-29T18:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability in the page parameter of vTiger CRM v7.4.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-6q66-f3v9-mwr7",
"modified": "2024-09-03T21:31:12Z",
"published": "2024-08-29T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44776"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/180461/vTiger-CRM-7.4.0-Open-Redirection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://vtiger.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QMF-FJ6M-686C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-17 20:51 – Updated: 2024-09-20 21:06Impact
Flask-Security allows redirects after many successful views (e.g. /login) by honoring the ?next query param. There is code in FS to validate that the url specified in the next parameter is either relative OR has the same netloc (network location) as the requesting URL.
This check utilizes Pythons urlsplit library. However many browsers are very lenient on the kind of URL they accept and 'fill in the blanks' when presented with a possibly incomplete URL. As a concrete example - setting http://login?next=\\github.com will pass FS's relative URL check however many browsers will gladly convert this to http://github.com. Thus an attacker could send such a link to an unwitting user, using a legitimate site and have it redirect to whatever site they want.
This is considered a low severity due to the fact that if Werkzeug by default ALWAYS ensures that the Location header is absolute - thus making this attack vector mute. It is possible for application writers to modify this default behavior by setting the 'autocorrect_location_header=False` which would then open up their application to this attack.
Patches
No patches as this time
Workarounds
If using Werkzeug, make sure to use the default Location header setting. If you can't - then use@app.after_request and write your own validation of the Location header if it is set.
References
No.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory follow: https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/issues/486
Thanks to Claroty (2021-0141) and @snoopysecurity for providing details and proof of concept.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Flask-Security-Too"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-17T16:53:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nFlask-Security allows redirects after many successful views (e.g. /login) by honoring the ?next query param. There is code in FS to validate that the url specified in the next parameter is either relative OR has the same netloc (network location) as the requesting URL.\n\nThis check utilizes Pythons urlsplit library. However many browsers are very lenient on the kind of URL they accept and \u0027fill in the blanks\u0027 when presented with a possibly incomplete URL. As a concrete example - setting http://login?next=\\\\\\github.com\nwill pass FS\u0027s relative URL check however many browsers will gladly convert this to http://github.com. Thus an attacker could send such a link to an unwitting user, using a legitimate site and have it redirect to whatever site they want.\n\nThis is considered a low severity due to the fact that if Werkzeug by default ALWAYS ensures that the Location header is absolute - thus making this attack vector mute. It is possible for application writers to modify this default behavior by setting the \u0027autocorrect_location_header=False` which would then open up their application to this attack.\n\n### Patches\nNo patches as this time\n\n### Workarounds\nIf using Werkzeug, make sure to use the default Location header setting. If you can\u0027t - then use@app.after_request and write your own validation of the Location header if it is set.\n\n### References\nNo.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory follow: https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/issues/486\n\nThanks to Claroty (2021-0141) and @snoopysecurity for providing details and proof of concept.\n",
"id": "GHSA-6qmf-fj6m-686c",
"modified": "2024-09-20T21:06:55Z",
"published": "2021-05-17T20:51:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/commit/e39bb04615050448c1b8ba4caa7dacc0edd3e405"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/flask-security-too/PYSEC-2021-123.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210517211717/https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/issues/486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211207121851/https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/security/advisories/GHSA-6qmf-fj6m-686c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220410062740/https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/pull/489"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in Flask-Security-Too"
}
GHSA-6QQ5-QQMC-QCXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19The floragunn Search Guard plugin before 6.x-16 for Kibana allows URL injection for login redirects on the login page when basePath is set.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20698"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-09T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The floragunn Search Guard plugin before 6.x-16 for Kibana allows URL injection for login redirects on the login page when basePath is set.",
"id": "GHSA-6qq5-qqmc-qcxr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20698"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/floragunncom/search-guard-kibana-plugin/pull/140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.search-guard.com/latest/changelog-kibana-6.x-16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QQ8-5WQ3-86RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-11 23:19 – Updated: 2022-08-04 20:56Summary
There exists a potential open redirect vulnerability in Traefik's handling of the X-Forwarded-Prefix header. Active Exploitation of this issue is unlikely as it would require active header injection, however the Traefik team addressed this issue nonetheless to prevent abuse in e.g. cache poisoning scenarios.
Details
The Traefik API dashboard component doesn't validate that the value of the header X-Forwarded-Prefix is a site relative path and will redirect to any header provided URI.
e.g.
$ curl --header 'Host:traefik.localhost' --header 'X-Forwarded-Prefix:https://example.org' 'http://localhost:8081'
<a href="https://example.org/dashboard/">Found</a>.`
Impact
A successful exploitation of an open redirect can be used to entice victims to disclose sensitive information.
Workarounds
By using the headers middleware, the request header X-Forwarded-Prefix value can be overridden by the value . (dot)
- https://docs.traefik.io/v2.2/middlewares/headers/#customrequestheaders
- https://docs.traefik.io/v1.7/basics/#custom-headers
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, open an issue in Traefik.
Credit
This issue was found by the GitHub Application Security Team and reported on behalf of the GHAS by the GitHub Security Lab Team.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.2.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.3.0-rc3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.2.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.3.0-rc3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15129"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-24T18:21:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThere exists a potential open redirect vulnerability in Traefik\u0027s handling of the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header. Active Exploitation of this issue is unlikely as it would require active header injection, however the Traefik team addressed this issue nonetheless to prevent abuse in e.g. cache poisoning scenarios.\n\n## Details\n\nThe Traefik API dashboard component doesn\u0027t validate that the value of the header `X-Forwarded-Prefix` is a site relative path and will redirect to any header provided URI.\n\ne.g.\n\n```\n$ curl --header \u0027Host:traefik.localhost\u0027 --header \u0027X-Forwarded-Prefix:https://example.org\u0027 \u0027http://localhost:8081\u0027\n\u003ca href=\"https://example.org/dashboard/\"\u003eFound\u003c/a\u003e.`\n```\n\n### Impact\nA successful exploitation of an open redirect can be used to entice victims to disclose sensitive information.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nBy using the `headers` middleware, the request header `X-Forwarded-Prefix` value can be overridden by the value `.` (dot)\n\n- https://docs.traefik.io/v2.2/middlewares/headers/#customrequestheaders\n- https://docs.traefik.io/v1.7/basics/#custom-headers\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, open an issue in [Traefik](https://github.com/containous/traefik/issues).\n\n## Credit\n\nThis issue was found by the GitHub Application Security Team and reported on behalf of the GHAS by the GitHub Security Lab Team.",
"id": "GHSA-6qq8-5wq3-86rp",
"modified": "2022-08-04T20:56:21Z",
"published": "2022-02-11T23:19:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/security/advisories/GHSA-6qq8-5wq3-86rp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/pull/7109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/commit/cfa04c300c5db95ae8a52c31a9d973b6dd9c2254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/commit/e63db782c11c7b8bfce30be4c902e7ef8f9f33d2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/e2c5f3712f68993de8ed3cb30da9ec0aa11acb09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/releases/tag/v1.7.26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/releases/tag/v2.2.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/releases/tag/v2.3.0-rc3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Traefik vulnerable to Open Redirect via handling of X-Forwarded-Prefix header"
}
GHSA-6QVV-PJ99-48QM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 20:01 – Updated: 2026-04-24 19:56Impact
The response.redirect().back() method in @adonisjs/http-server is vulnerable to open redirects. The method reads the Referer header from the incoming HTTP request and redirects to that URL without validating the host. An attacker who can influence the Referer header (for example, by linking a user through an attacker-controlled page before a form submission) can cause the application to redirect users to a malicious external site.
This affects all AdonisJS applications that use response.redirect().back() or response.redirect('back').
The vulnerability is classified as CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect').
Patches
This has been fixed in @adonisjs/http-server version 8.2.0. The back() method now validates the Referer header's host against the request's own Host header. Referrers from unrecognized hosts are rejected and the redirect falls back to / (or a developer-provided fallback URL).
Applications that operate across multiple domains can configure additional trusted hosts via the redirect.allowedHosts option in config/app.ts.
Users should upgrade to @adonisjs/http-server@^8.2.0 (or @adonisjs/core@^7.4.0 if using the core meta-package).
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid using response.redirect().back() in routes that are reachable by unauthenticated users or from pages that accept external traffic. Instead, redirect to a known safe path explicitly using response.redirect().toPath('/dashboard').
References
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@adonisjs/http-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-next.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@adonisjs/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@adonisjs/http-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40255"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-14T20:01:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-16T23:16:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThe `response.redirect().back()` method in `@adonisjs/http-server` is vulnerable to open redirects. The method reads the `Referer` header from the incoming HTTP request and redirects to that URL without validating the host. An attacker who can influence the `Referer` header (for example, by linking a user through an attacker-controlled page before a form submission) can cause the application to redirect users to a malicious external site.\n\nThis affects all AdonisJS applications that use `response.redirect().back()` or `response.redirect(\u0027back\u0027)`.\n\nThe vulnerability is classified as CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027).\n\n### Patches\n\nThis has been fixed in `@adonisjs/http-server` version **8.2.0**. The `back()` method now validates the `Referer` header\u0027s host against the request\u0027s own `Host` header. Referrers from unrecognized hosts are rejected and the redirect falls back to `/` (or a developer-provided fallback URL).\n\nApplications that operate across multiple domains can configure additional trusted hosts via the `redirect.allowedHosts` option in `config/app.ts`.\n\nUsers should upgrade to `@adonisjs/http-server@^8.2.0` (or `@adonisjs/core@^7.4.0` if using the core meta-package).\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid using `response.redirect().back()` in routes that are reachable by unauthenticated users or from pages that accept external traffic. Instead, redirect to a known safe path explicitly using `response.redirect().toPath(\u0027/dashboard\u0027)`.\n\n### References\n\n- [CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)\n- [OWASP: Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Unvalidated_Redirects_and_Forwards_Cheat_Sheet.html)",
"id": "GHSA-6qvv-pj99-48qm",
"modified": "2026-04-24T19:56:13Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T20:01:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/security/advisories/GHSA-6qvv-pj99-48qm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40255"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/commit/2008fb6cf4f6f1c0ca5797d57def4d93e1c3de08"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/releases/tag/v7.8.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/releases/tag/v8.2.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@adonisjs/http-server has an Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-6R4C-542P-QG6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:24IBM Rhapsody DM 5.0 and 6.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1287"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-24T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Rhapsody DM 5.0 and 6.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.",
"id": "GHSA-6r4c-542p-qg6c",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:24:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:24:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/125148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22006052"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6R97-7R45-G4P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2025-04-08 09:31The Advanced Advertising System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.1. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the 'redir' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T09:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Advanced Advertising System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.1. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the \u0027redir\u0027 parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.",
"id": "GHSA-6r97-7r45-g4p2",
"modified": "2025-04-08T09:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T09:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advanced-advertising-system/trunk/shortcode.php#L165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/72a56589-9dc0-47a7-bb68-e31f84a639ee?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6RMF-CV6P-4H27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-17 15:30 – Updated: 2022-12-22 19:53A vulnerability has been found in cyface Terms and Conditions Module up to 2.0.10 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function returnTo of the file termsandconditions/views.py. The manipulation leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 2.0.11 can address this issue. The name of the patch is 03396a1c2e0af95e12a45c5faef7e47a4b513e1a. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216175.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "django-termsandconditions"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-19T18:14:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-17T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in cyface Terms and Conditions Module up to 2.0.10 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function returnTo of the file termsandconditions/views.py. The manipulation leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 2.0.11 can address this issue. The name of the patch is 03396a1c2e0af95e12a45c5faef7e47a4b513e1a. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216175.",
"id": "GHSA-6rmf-cv6p-4h27",
"modified": "2022-12-22T19:53:24Z",
"published": "2022-12-17T15:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cyface/django-termsandconditions/pull/239"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cyface/django-termsandconditions/commit/03396a1c2e0af95e12a45c5faef7e47a4b513e1a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cyface/django-termsandconditions"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cyface/django-termsandconditions/releases/tag/v2.0.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cyface/django-termsandconditions/releases/tag/v2.0.11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.216175"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Terms and Conditions Module vulnerable to Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-6RX2-WJR5-47V3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 21:30 – Updated: 2025-08-20 18:30Malicious pages could use Firefox for iOS to pass FIDO: links to the OS and trigger the hybrid passkey transport. An attacker within Bluetooth range could have used this to trick the user into using their passkey to log the attacker's computer into the target account. This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS < 142 and Focus for iOS < 142.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55031"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T21:15:28Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Malicious pages could use Firefox for iOS to pass FIDO: links to the OS and trigger the hybrid passkey transport. An attacker within Bluetooth range could have used this to trick the user into using their passkey to log the attacker\u0027s computer into the target account. This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS \u003c 142 and Focus for iOS \u003c 142.",
"id": "GHSA-6rx2-wjr5-47v3",
"modified": "2025-08-20T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-08-19T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1979499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1979804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-68"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-69"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6V49-CM4J-5RG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32IBM Platform Symphony 7.1 Fix Pack 1 and 7.1.1 and IBM Spectrum Symphony 7.1.2 and 7.2.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 146339.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1704"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-28T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Platform Symphony 7.1 Fix Pack 1 and 7.1.1 and IBM Spectrum Symphony 7.1.2 and 7.2.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 146339.",
"id": "GHSA-6v49-cm4j-5rg6",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:32:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/146339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10719671"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.