CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2336 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6HCW-QQR8-PJJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-01 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-07 23:47A bug in the login redirect route in Apache Airflow allowed authenticated users to craft URLs that bypassed the is_safe_url check, enabling redirection from a trusted Airflow domain to an attacker-controlled origin. Users are advised to upgrade to apache-airflow 3.2.2 or later. As a defense-in-depth mitigation, deployment operators can place Airflow behind a reverse proxy that strips off-domain next= query parameters before they reach the login endpoint.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "apache-airflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40961"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-07T23:47:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T09:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A bug in the login redirect route in Apache Airflow allowed authenticated users to craft URLs that bypassed the `is_safe_url` check, enabling redirection from a trusted Airflow domain to an attacker-controlled origin. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later. As a defense-in-depth mitigation, deployment operators can place Airflow behind a reverse proxy that strips off-domain `next=` query parameters before they reach the login endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-6hcw-qqr8-pjj8",
"modified": "2026-07-07T23:47:17Z",
"published": "2026-06-01T09:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/65557"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/qmt8ksh7gty6b8hr9w294t94j36jdv1q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/31/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Airflow: Authenticated users can bypass the `is_safe_url` check"
}
GHSA-6HJ4-V2QP-CQR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-23 06:30 – Updated: 2025-08-25 20:46Open Redirect vulnerability in /c/portal/edit_info_item parameter redirect in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.86 through 7.4.3.131, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.9, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12 and 7.4 update 86 through update 92 allows an attacker to exploit this security vulnerability to redirect users to a malicious site.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay:com.liferay.info.impl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.69"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43767"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-25T20:46:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-23T04:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect vulnerability in /c/portal/edit_info_item parameter redirect in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.86 through 7.4.3.131, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.9, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12 and 7.4 update 86 through update 92 allows an attacker to exploit this security vulnerability to redirect users to a malicious site.",
"id": "GHSA-6hj4-v2qp-cqr2",
"modified": "2025-08-25T20:46:28Z",
"published": "2025-08-23T06:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43767"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal/commit/04d6892c12f8c3d12085124b6cb856dfacb9bb89"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.atlassian.net/browse/LPE-18139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.dev/portal/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/jekt/content/CVE-2025-43767"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal allows open redirect in /c/portal/edit_info_item parameter redirect"
}
GHSA-6JHX-V9G5-JH55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2023-01-30 21:30IBM Jazz for Service Management 1.1.3, 1.1.3.1, and 1.1.3.2 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 159122.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-06T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Jazz for Service Management 1.1.3, 1.1.3.1, and 1.1.3.2 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 159122.",
"id": "GHSA-6jhx-v9g5-jh55",
"modified": "2023-01-30T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/159122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10885592"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6JJ9-R558-4XVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:59 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:59An issue was discovered in Kabona AB WebDatorCentral (WDC) application prior to Version 3.4.0. This non-validated redirect/non-validated forward (OPEN REDIRECT) allows chaining with authenticated vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-13T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Kabona AB WebDatorCentral (WDC) application prior to Version 3.4.0. This non-validated redirect/non-validated forward (OPEN REDIRECT) allows chaining with authenticated vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-6jj9-r558-4xvv",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:59:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:59:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-287-07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93547"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6JXG-H6PQ-3JG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:28 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:28EMC RSA Archer 5.4.1.3, 5.5.3.1, 5.5.2.3, 5.5.2, 5.5.1.3.1, 5.5.1.1 is affected by an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unprivileged attacker may potentially redirect legitimate users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks. The attacker could then steal the victims' credentials and silently authenticate them to the RSA Archer application without the victims realizing an attack occurred.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-07T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "EMC RSA Archer 5.4.1.3, 5.5.3.1, 5.5.2.3, 5.5.2, 5.5.1.3.1, 5.5.1.1 is affected by an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unprivileged attacker may potentially redirect legitimate users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks. The attacker could then steal the victims\u0027 credentials and silently authenticate them to the RSA Archer application without the victims realizing an attack occurred.",
"id": "GHSA-6jxg-h6pq-3jg6",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:28:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:28:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Jun/49"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038815"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6M4F-J9V5-QR3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11An open redirect vulnerability exists in Nagios XI before version 5.8.5 that could lead to spoofing. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37352"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability exists in Nagios XI before version 5.8.5 that could lead to spoofing. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link.",
"id": "GHSA-6m4f-j9v5-qr3h",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nagios.com/downloads/nagios-xi/change-log"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6M68-X6G5-76XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in KB Support KB Support. This issue affects KB Support: from n/a through 1.6.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T15:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in KB Support KB Support. This issue affects KB Support: from n/a through 1.6.7.",
"id": "GHSA-6m68-x6g5-76xx",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:29Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T15:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/kb-support/vulnerability/wordpress-kb-support-plugin-1-6-7-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MPJ-6MGP-P7V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-25 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-25 18:31An open redirect vulnerability was reported in the FileZ client that could allow information disclosure if a crafted url is visited by a local user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2068"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-25T16:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability was reported in the FileZ client that could allow information disclosure if a crafted url is visited by a local user.",
"id": "GHSA-6mpj-6mgp-p7v6",
"modified": "2025-04-25T18:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-04-25T18:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.filez.com/securityPolicy/2.html?1744703100"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6PG8-6HPP-XM9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-16 15:30keycloak 18.0.0: open redirect in auth endpoint via the redirect_uri parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "keycloak 18.0.0: open redirect in auth endpoint via the redirect_uri parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-6pg8-6hpp-xm9w",
"modified": "2023-02-16T15:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-02-12T06:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-1970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2092434"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6PWV-84MM-RCFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 18:31Plexus anblick Digital Signage Management 3.1.13 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the 'PantallaLogin' script that allows attackers to manipulate the 'pagina' GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect users to arbitrary websites by exploiting improper input validation in the parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T16:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Plexus anblick Digital Signage Management 3.1.13 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the \u0027PantallaLogin\u0027 script that allows attackers to manipulate the \u0027pagina\u0027 GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect users to arbitrary websites by exploiting improper input validation in the parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-6pwv-84mm-rcfv",
"modified": "2026-01-06T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/185521"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.plexus.es"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/plexus-anblick-digital-signage-management-open-redirect-via-pagina-parameter"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2020-5573.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.