Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-59

Allowed

Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.

2314 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MF9R-R6PC-8FC6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-05 06:30 – Updated: 2026-07-05 06:30
VLAI
Details

A weakness has been identified in zcaceres markdownify-mcp up to 1.1.0. The affected element is the function assertPathAllowed of the file src/Markdownify.ts. Executing a manipulation can lead to symlink following. The attack can only be executed locally. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.

Severity
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-14699"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-05T05:16:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A weakness has been identified in zcaceres markdownify-mcp up to 1.1.0. The affected element is the function assertPathAllowed of the file src/Markdownify.ts. Executing a manipulation can lead to symlink following. The attack can only be executed locally. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.",
  "id": "GHSA-mf9r-r6pc-8fc6",
  "modified": "2026-07-05T06:30:26Z",
  "published": "2026-07-05T06:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zcaceres/markdownify-mcp/issues/108"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zcaceres/markdownify-mcp/pull/109"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zcaceres/markdownify-mcp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/846864"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/376295"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/376295/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MF9W-MJ56-HR94

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-21 14:38 – Updated: 2026-04-21 14:38
VLAI
Summary
python-dotenv: Symlink following in set_key allows arbitrary file overwrite via cross-device rename fallback
Details

Summary

set_key() and unset_key() in python-dotenv follow symbolic links when rewriting .env files, allowing a local attacker to overwrite arbitrary files via a crafted symlink when a cross-device rename fallback is triggered.

Details

The rewrite() context manager in dotenv/main.py is used by both set_key() and unset_key() to safely modify .env files. It works by writing to a temporary file (created in the system's default temp directory, typically /tmp) and then using shutil.move() to replace the original file.

When the .env path is a symbolic link and the temp directory resides on a different filesystem than the target (a common configuration on Linux systems using tmpfs for /tmp), the following sequence occurs:

  1. shutil.move() first attempts os.rename(), which fails with an OSError because atomic renames cannot cross device boundaries.
  2. On failure, shutil.move() falls back to shutil.copy2() followed by os.unlink().
  3. shutil.copy2() calls shutil.copyfile() with follow_symlinks=True by default.
  4. This causes the content to be written to the symlink target rather than replacing the symlink itself.

An attacker who has write access to the directory containing a .env file can pre-place a symlink pointing to any file that the application process has write access to. When the application (or a privileged process such as a deploy script, Docker entrypoint, or CI pipeline) calls set_key() or unset_key(), the symlink target is overwritten with the new .env content.

This vulnerability does not require a race condition and is fully deterministic once the preconditions are met.

Impact

The primary impacts are to integrity and availability:

  • File overwrite / destruction (DoS): An attacker can cause an application or privileged process to corrupt or destroy configuration files, database configs, or other sensitive files it would not normally have access to modify.
  • Integrity violation: The target file's original content is replaced with .env-formatted content controlled by the attacker.
  • Potential privilege escalation: In scenarios where a privileged process (running as root or a service account) calls set_key(), the attacker can leverage this to write to files beyond their own access level.

The scope of impact depends on the application using python-dotenv and the privileges under which it runs.

Proof of Concept

The following script demonstrates the vulnerability. It requires /tmp and the user's home directory to reside on different devices (common on systemd-based Linux systems with tmpfs).

import os
import sys
import tempfile
from dotenv import set_key

# Pre-condition: /tmp must be on a different device than the target directory.
tmp_dev = os.stat("/tmp").st_dev
home_dev = os.stat(os.path.expanduser("~")).st_dev
assert tmp_dev != home_dev, "Skipped: /tmp and ~ are on the same device (no cross-device move)"

with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=os.path.expanduser("~")) as workdir:
    # File an attacker wants to overwrite
    target = os.path.join(workdir, "victim_config.txt")
    with open(target, "w") as f:
        f.write("DB_PASSWORD=supersecret\n")

    # Attacker pre-places a symlink at the path the application will use as .env
    env_symlink = os.path.join(workdir, ".env")
    os.symlink(target, env_symlink)

    before = open(target).read()

    # Application writes a new key -- triggers the cross-device fallback
    set_key(env_symlink, "INJECTED", "attacker_value")

    after = open(target).read()

    print("Before:", repr(before))
    print("After: ", repr(after))
    print("Symlink target overwritten:", target)

Expected output:

Before: 'DB_PASSWORD=supersecret\n'
After:  "DB_PASSWORD=supersecret\nINJECTED='attacker_value'\n"
Symlink target overwritten: /home/user/tmp806nut2g/victim_config.txt

Remediation

The fix changes the rewrite() context manager in the following ways:

  1. Symlinks are no longer followed by default. When the .env path is a symlink, rewrite() now resolves it to the real path before proceeding, or (by default) operates on the symlink entry itself rather than the target.
  2. A follow_symlinks: bool = False parameter is added to set_key() and unset_key() for users who explicitly need the old behavior.
  3. Temp files are written in the same directory as the target .env file (instead of the system temp directory), eliminating the cross-device rename condition entirely.
  4. os.replace() is used instead of shutil.move(), providing atomic replacement without symlink-following fallback behavior.

Users are advised to upgrade to the patched version as soon as it is available on PyPI.

Timeline

Date Event
2026-01-09 Initial report received from Giorgos Tsigourakos regarding a separate, unrelated issue also located in rewrite()
2026-01-10 Co-maintainer acknowledged report, requested clarification
2026-01-11 Initial report assessed as not exploitable and closed
2026-02-24 Reporter identified new, distinct cross-device symlink attack vector with deterministic exploitation
2026-02-26 Co-maintainer confirmed vulnerability and shared draft patch
2026-02-26 Reporter validated fix with monkeypatched PoC, proposed CVSS
2026-03-01 Patch merged to main
2026-03-01 Patched version released to PyPI
2026-04-20 Advisory published

Patches

Upgrade to v.1.2.2 or use the patch from https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/commit/790c5c02991100aa1bf41ee5330aca75edc51311.patch

Severity
6.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "python-dotenv"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28684"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59",
      "CWE-61"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-21T14:38:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-20T17:16:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\n`set_key()` and `unset_key()` in python-dotenv follow symbolic links when rewriting `.env` files, allowing a local attacker to overwrite arbitrary files via a crafted symlink when a cross-device rename fallback is triggered.\n\n\n### Details\n\nThe `rewrite()` context manager in `dotenv/main.py` is used by both `set_key()` and `unset_key()` to safely modify `.env` files. It works by writing to a temporary file (created in the system\u0027s default temp directory, typically `/tmp`) and then using `shutil.move()` to replace the original file.\n\nWhen the `.env` path is a symbolic link and the temp directory resides on a different filesystem than the target (a common configuration on Linux systems using tmpfs for `/tmp`), the following sequence occurs:\n\n1. `shutil.move()` first attempts `os.rename()`, which fails with an `OSError` because atomic renames cannot cross device boundaries.\n2. On failure, `shutil.move()` falls back to `shutil.copy2()` followed by `os.unlink()`.\n3. `shutil.copy2()` calls `shutil.copyfile()` with `follow_symlinks=True` by default.\n4. This causes the content to be written to the **symlink target** rather than replacing the symlink itself.\n\nAn attacker who has write access to the directory containing a `.env` file can pre-place a symlink pointing to any file that the application process has write access to. When the application (or a privileged process such as a deploy script, Docker entrypoint, or CI pipeline) calls `set_key()` or `unset_key()`, the symlink target is overwritten with the new `.env` content.\n\nThis vulnerability does not require a race condition and is fully deterministic once the preconditions are met.\n\n### Impact\nThe primary impacts are to **integrity** and **availability**:\n\n- **File overwrite / destruction (DoS):** An attacker can cause an application or privileged process to corrupt or destroy configuration files, database configs, or other sensitive files it would not normally have access to modify.\n- **Integrity violation:** The target file\u0027s original content is replaced with `.env`-formatted content controlled by the attacker.\n- **Potential privilege escalation:** In scenarios where a privileged process (running as root or a service account) calls `set_key()`, the attacker can leverage this to write to files beyond their own access level.\n\nThe scope of impact depends on the application using python-dotenv and the privileges under which it runs.\n\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\nThe following script demonstrates the vulnerability. It requires `/tmp` and the user\u0027s home directory to reside on different devices (common on systemd-based Linux systems with tmpfs).\n\n```python\nimport os\nimport sys\nimport tempfile\nfrom dotenv import set_key\n\n# Pre-condition: /tmp must be on a different device than the target directory.\ntmp_dev = os.stat(\"/tmp\").st_dev\nhome_dev = os.stat(os.path.expanduser(\"~\")).st_dev\nassert tmp_dev != home_dev, \"Skipped: /tmp and ~ are on the same device (no cross-device move)\"\n\nwith tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=os.path.expanduser(\"~\")) as workdir:\n    # File an attacker wants to overwrite\n    target = os.path.join(workdir, \"victim_config.txt\")\n    with open(target, \"w\") as f:\n        f.write(\"DB_PASSWORD=supersecret\\n\")\n\n    # Attacker pre-places a symlink at the path the application will use as .env\n    env_symlink = os.path.join(workdir, \".env\")\n    os.symlink(target, env_symlink)\n\n    before = open(target).read()\n\n    # Application writes a new key -- triggers the cross-device fallback\n    set_key(env_symlink, \"INJECTED\", \"attacker_value\")\n\n    after = open(target).read()\n\n    print(\"Before:\", repr(before))\n    print(\"After: \", repr(after))\n    print(\"Symlink target overwritten:\", target)\n```\n\n**Expected output:**\n```\nBefore: \u0027DB_PASSWORD=supersecret\\n\u0027\nAfter:  \"DB_PASSWORD=supersecret\\nINJECTED=\u0027attacker_value\u0027\\n\"\nSymlink target overwritten: /home/user/tmp806nut2g/victim_config.txt\n```\n\n### Remediation\n\nThe fix changes the `rewrite()` context manager in the following ways:\n\n1. **Symlinks are no longer followed by default.** When the `.env` path is a symlink, `rewrite()` now resolves it to the real path before proceeding, or (by default) operates on the symlink entry itself rather than the target.\n2. **A `follow_symlinks: bool = False` parameter** is added to `set_key()` and `unset_key()` for users who explicitly need the old behavior.\n3. **Temp files are written in the same directory** as the target `.env` file (instead of the system temp directory), eliminating the cross-device rename condition entirely.\n4. **`os.replace()` is used instead of `shutil.move()`**, providing atomic replacement without symlink-following fallback behavior.\n\nUsers are advised to upgrade to the patched version as soon as it is available on PyPI.\n\n### Timeline\n\n| Date             | Event                                                                                                                                                                 |\n| ------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2026-01-09  | Initial report received from Giorgos Tsigourakos regarding a separate, unrelated issue also located in `rewrite()` |\n| 2026-01-10   | Co-maintainer acknowledged report, requested clarification                                                         |\n| 2026-01-11    | Initial report assessed as not exploitable and closed                                                              |\n| 2026-02-24  | Reporter identified new, distinct cross-device symlink attack vector with deterministic exploitation               |\n| 2026-02-26  | Co-maintainer confirmed vulnerability and shared draft patch                                                       |\n| 2026-02-26  | Reporter validated fix with monkeypatched PoC, proposed CVSS                                                       |\n| 2026-03-01   | Patch merged to main                                                                                               |\n| 2026-03-01   | Patched version released to PyPI                                                                                   |\n| 2026-04-20   | Advisory published                                                                                                 |\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to v.1.2.2 or use the patch from https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/commit/790c5c02991100aa1bf41ee5330aca75edc51311.patch",
  "id": "GHSA-mf9w-mj56-hr94",
  "modified": "2026-04-21T14:38:57Z",
  "published": "2026-04-21T14:38:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/security/advisories/GHSA-mf9w-mj56-hr94"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28684"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/commit/790c5c02991100aa1bf41ee5330aca75edc51311"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/commit/790c5c02991100aa1bf41ee5330aca75edc51311.patch"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/releases/tag/v1.2.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "python-dotenv: Symlink following in set_key allows arbitrary file overwrite via cross-device rename fallback"
}

GHSA-MFFM-85P4-QVF5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 18:31
VLAI
Details

Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Windows Accessibility Infrastructure (ATBroker.exe) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-61358"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:18:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper link resolution before file access (\u0027link following\u0027) in Windows Accessibility Infrastructure (ATBroker.exe) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-mffm-85p4-qvf5",
  "modified": "2026-08-11T18:31:06Z",
  "published": "2026-08-11T18:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61358"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-61358"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MFR3-9CJ8-H2QM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:24 – Updated: 2024-10-21 21:23
VLAI
Summary
SaltStack Salt Insecure Temporary File Creation
Details

Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Salt (aka SaltStack) before 2014.1.10 allow local users to have an unspecified impact via vectors related to temporary file creation in (1) seed.py, (2) salt-ssh, or (3) salt-cloud.

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2014.1.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-3563"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T22:19:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-08-22T17:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Salt (aka SaltStack) before 2014.1.10 allow local users to have an unspecified impact via vectors related to temporary file creation in (1) seed.py, (2) salt-ssh, or (3) salt-cloud.",
  "id": "GHSA-mfr3-9cj8-h2qm",
  "modified": "2024-10-21T21:23:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:24:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3563"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/95392"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/salt/PYSEC-2014-18.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/releases/2014.1.10.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q3/428"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "SaltStack Salt Insecure Temporary File Creation"
}

GHSA-MFRP-422X-34QV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2025-12-03 21:30
VLAI
Details

Net-SNMP through 5.7.3 allows Escalation of Privileges because of UNIX symbolic link (symlink) following.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-15861"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-08-20T01:17:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Net-SNMP through 5.7.3 allows Escalation of Privileges because of UNIX symbolic link (symlink) following.",
  "id": "GHSA-mfrp-422x-34qv",
  "modified": "2025-12-03T21:30:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:26:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15861"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/net-snmp/net-snmp/issues/145"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/net-snmp/net-snmp/commit/4fd9a450444a434a993bc72f7c3486ccce41f602"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=966599"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202008-12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200904-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4471-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MG62-FPGC-6HJJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-27 00:00
VLAI
Details

An improper link resolution flaw can occur while extracting an archive leading to changing modes, times, access control lists, and flags of a file outside of the archive. An attacker may provide a malicious archive to a victim user, who would trigger this flaw when trying to extract the archive. A local attacker may use this flaw to gain more privileges in a system.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31566"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-23T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An improper link resolution flaw can occur while extracting an archive leading to changing modes, times, access control lists, and flags of a file outside of the archive. An attacker may provide a malicious archive to a victim user, who would trigger this flaw when trying to extract the archive. A local attacker may use this flaw to gain more privileges in a system.",
  "id": "GHSA-mg62-fpgc-6hjj",
  "modified": "2022-08-27T00:00:48Z",
  "published": "2022-08-24T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31566"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libarchive/libarchive/issues/1566"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libarchive/libarchive/commit/b41daecb5ccb4c8e3b2c53fd6147109fc12c3043"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-31566"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2024237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/11/msg00030.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MG9G-XRGM-6MF3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:20
VLAI
Details

Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following') vulnerability in the EPAG component of Bitdefender Endpoint Security Tools for Windows allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service. This issue affects: Bitdefender GravityZone version 7.1.2.33 and prior versions.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-3641"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-09T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (\u0027Link Following\u0027) vulnerability in the EPAG component of Bitdefender Endpoint Security Tools for Windows allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service. This issue affects: Bitdefender GravityZone version 7.1.2.33 and prior versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-mg9g-xrgm-6mf3",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:20:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/support/security-advisories/improper-link-resolution-before-file-access-in-bitdefender-gravityzone-va-9921"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-143"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-MGRQ-9F93-WPP5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 14:21 – Updated: 2026-03-30 13:37
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: workspace path guard bypass on non-existent out-of-root symlink leaf
Details

Summary

openclaw had a workspace boundary bypass in workspace-only path validation: when an in-workspace symlink pointed outside the workspace to a non-existent leaf, the first write could pass validation and create the file outside the workspace.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Vulnerable versions: <= 2026.2.25
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.2.26 (pre-set for next planned release)
  • Latest published npm version at update time: 2026.2.25

Details

The boundary check path resolved aliases in a way that allowed a non-existent out-of-root symlink target to pass the initial validation window. A first write through the guarded workspace path could therefore escape the workspace boundary.

The fix hardens canonical boundary resolution so missing-leaf alias paths are evaluated against canonical containment, while preserving valid in-root aliases. This closes the first-write escape condition without regressing valid in-root alias usage.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 46eba86b45e9db05b7b792e914c4fe0de1b40a23
  • 1aef45bc060b28a0af45a67dc66acd36aef763c9

Release Process Note

patched_versions is pre-set to the planned next release (2026.2.26). Once npm release 2026.2.26 is published, this advisory can be published directly.

Thanks @tdjackey for reporting.

Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L
7.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.25"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.26"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32055"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-12T14:21:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n`openclaw` had a workspace boundary bypass in workspace-only path validation: when an in-workspace symlink pointed outside the workspace to a non-existent leaf, the first write could pass validation and create the file outside the workspace.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Vulnerable versions: `\u003c= 2026.2.25`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.2.26` (pre-set for next planned release)\n- Latest published npm version at update time: `2026.2.25`\n\n### Details\nThe boundary check path resolved aliases in a way that allowed a non-existent out-of-root symlink target to pass the initial validation window. A first write through the guarded workspace path could therefore escape the workspace boundary.\n\nThe fix hardens canonical boundary resolution so missing-leaf alias paths are evaluated against canonical containment, while preserving valid in-root aliases. This closes the first-write escape condition without regressing valid in-root alias usage.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `46eba86b45e9db05b7b792e914c4fe0de1b40a23`\n- `1aef45bc060b28a0af45a67dc66acd36aef763c9`\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the planned next release (`2026.2.26`). Once npm release `2026.2.26` is published, this advisory can be published directly.\n\nThanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-mgrq-9f93-wpp5",
  "modified": "2026-03-30T13:37:32Z",
  "published": "2026-03-12T14:21:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mgrq-9f93-wpp5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1aef45bc060b28a0af45a67dc66acd36aef763c9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/46eba86b45e9db05b7b792e914c4fe0de1b40a23"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-workspace-path-boundary-bypass-via-non-existent-symlink"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: workspace path guard bypass on non-existent out-of-root symlink leaf"
}

GHSA-MGWV-57P9-8V74

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-25 00:00
VLAI
Details

Vulnerabilities in the Drive Composer allow a low privileged attacker to create and write to a file anywhere on the file system as SYSTEM with arbitrary content as long as the file does not already exist. The Drive Composer installer file allows a low-privileged user to run a "repair" operation on the product.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31219"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-15T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerabilities in the Drive Composer allow a low privileged attacker to create and write to a file anywhere on the file system as SYSTEM with arbitrary content as long as the file does not already exist. The Drive Composer installer file allows a low-privileged user to run a \"repair\" operation on the product.",
  "id": "GHSA-mgwv-57p9-8v74",
  "modified": "2022-06-25T00:00:51Z",
  "published": "2022-06-16T00:00:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31219"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=9AKK108467A0305\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch\u0026_ga=2.38192870.478847987.1655218701-372504397.1647012599"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MGX4-MFMV-7VWR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:18
VLAI
Details

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows Error Reporting manager improperly handles hard links, aka 'Windows Error Reporting Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-1315, CVE-2019-1342.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-1339"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-10T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows Error Reporting manager improperly handles hard links, aka \u0027Windows Error Reporting Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-1315, CVE-2019-1342.",
  "id": "GHSA-mgx4-mfmv-7vwr",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:18:26Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:58:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1339"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-1339"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-48.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Follow the principle of least privilege when assigning access rights to entities in a software system.
  • Denying access to a file can prevent an attacker from replacing that file with a link to a sensitive file. Ensure good compartmentalization in the system to provide protected areas that can be trusted.
CAPEC-132: Symlink Attack

An adversary positions a symbolic link in such a manner that the targeted user or application accesses the link's endpoint, assuming that it is accessing a file with the link's name.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

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