CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8G6V-G8QC-5W7J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2023-01-09 19:42Jenkins DigitalOcean Plugin 1.1 and earlier stores a token unencrypted in the global config.xml file on the Jenkins master where it can be viewed by users with access to the master file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.dubture.jenkins:digitalocean-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-2126"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-256",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-09T19:42:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-12T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Jenkins DigitalOcean Plugin 1.1 and earlier stores a token unencrypted in the global config.xml file on the Jenkins master where it can be viewed by users with access to the master file system.",
"id": "GHSA-8g6v-g8qc-5w7j",
"modified": "2023-01-09T19:42:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:08:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/digitalocean-plugin/commit/ca1112c5c52a842c6340401f02f536fc07c6620a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/digitalocean-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-02-12/#SECURITY-1559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/02/12/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Token stored in plain text by DigitalOcean Plugin"
}
GHSA-8G9W-5JV6-7M4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-11-30 18:45Jenkins incapptic connect uploader Plugin 1.15 and earlier stores tokens unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller where they can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.incapptic.plugins:incapptic-connect-uploader"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27218"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-256",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-30T18:45:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-15T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins incapptic connect uploader Plugin 1.15 and earlier stores tokens unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller where they can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.",
"id": "GHSA-8g9w-5jv6-7m4x",
"modified": "2022-11-30T18:45:18Z",
"published": "2022-03-16T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27218"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/incapptic-connect-uploader-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-03-15/#SECURITY-2273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/15/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Personal tokens stored in plain text by Jenkins incapptic connect uploader Plugin"
}
GHSA-8GCR-V287-2XPV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-02 00:00Mobotix Control Center (MxCC) through 2.5.4.5 has Insufficiently Protected Credentials, Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format via the MxCC.ini config file. The credential storage method in this software enables an attacker/user of the machine to gain admin access to the software and gain access to recordings/recording locations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30018"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-19T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mobotix Control Center (MxCC) through 2.5.4.5 has Insufficiently Protected Credentials, Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format via the MxCC.ini config file. The credential storage method in this software enables an attacker/user of the machine to gain admin access to the software and gain access to recordings/recording locations.",
"id": "GHSA-8gcr-v287-2xpv",
"modified": "2022-06-02T00:00:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-20T00:00:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PurplePetrus/MxCC_Credential-Storage_issue/blob/main/MxCC_improper_credential_storage"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8GQ4-X72R-6XCR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2023-03-01 22:37Google Calendar Plugin stores a calendar password unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller. This password can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.
As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:gcal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10425"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-01T22:37:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-25T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Google Calendar Plugin stores a calendar password unencrypted in job `config.xml` files on the Jenkins controller. This password can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
"id": "GHSA-8gq4-x72r-6xcr",
"modified": "2023-03-01T22:37:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:56:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10425"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/gcal-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-09-25/#SECURITY-1572"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/25/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Google Calendar Plugin has Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}
GHSA-8H44-39JG-7C5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04Schneider Electric StruxureWare Building Expert MPM before 2.15 does not use encryption for the client-server data stream, which allows remote attackers to discover credentials by sniffing the network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3962"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-09-18T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Schneider Electric StruxureWare Building Expert MPM before 2.15 does not use encryption for the client-server data stream, which allows remote attackers to discover credentials by sniffing the network.",
"id": "GHSA-8h44-39jg-7c5x",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:04:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-258-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2015-254-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8H6X-3Q8W-CVH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by disclosure of administrative credentials. This affects CBR40 before 2.5.0.10, RBK752 before 3.2.15.25, RBR750 before 3.2.15.25, RBS750 before 3.2.15.25, RBK852 before 3.2.15.25, RBR850 before 3.2.15.25, and RBS850 before 3.2.15.25.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26900"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-09T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by disclosure of administrative credentials. This affects CBR40 before 2.5.0.10, RBK752 before 3.2.15.25, RBR750 before 3.2.15.25, RBS750 before 3.2.15.25, RBK852 before 3.2.15.25, RBR850 before 3.2.15.25, and RBS850 before 3.2.15.25.",
"id": "GHSA-8h6x-3q8w-cvh7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000062354/Security-Advisory-for-Admin-Credential-Disclosure-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0032"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8HG6-3X59-7XJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-13 00:01A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2 and earlier (All versions), SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.0 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.1 (All versions < V9.1 SP1), SIMATIC WinCC V15 and earlier (All versions), SIMATIC WinCC V16 (All versions < V16 Update 5), SIMATIC WinCC V17 (All versions < V17 Update 2), SIMATIC WinCC V7.4 and earlier (All versions), SIMATIC WinCC V7.5 (All versions < V7.5 SP2 Update 6). The password hash of a local user account in the remote server could be granted via public API to a user on the affected system. An authenticated attacker could brute force the password hash and use it to login to the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40360"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-307",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2 and earlier (All versions), SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.0 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.1 (All versions \u003c V9.1 SP1), SIMATIC WinCC V15 and earlier (All versions), SIMATIC WinCC V16 (All versions \u003c V16 Update 5), SIMATIC WinCC V17 (All versions \u003c V17 Update 2), SIMATIC WinCC V7.4 and earlier (All versions), SIMATIC WinCC V7.5 (All versions \u003c V7.5 SP2 Update 6). The password hash of a local user account in the remote server could be granted via public API to a user on the affected system. An authenticated attacker could brute force the password hash and use it to login to the server.",
"id": "GHSA-8hg6-3x59-7xjr",
"modified": "2022-04-13T00:01:10Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-914168.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8HRR-R493-96VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-27 18:32 – Updated: 2024-09-27 18:32Advantech ADAM-5550 share user credentials with a low level of encryption, consisting of base 64 encoding.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-261",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-27T18:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Advantech ADAM-5550 share user credentials with a low level of encryption, consisting of base 64 encoding.",
"id": "GHSA-8hrr-r493-96vh",
"modified": "2024-09-27T18:32:26Z",
"published": "2024-09-27T18:32:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-270-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8HWR-589G-XPJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2023-02-23 20:32Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin stored API tokens unencrypted in job config.xml files and its global configuration file org.jenkinsci.plugins.jvctgl.ViolationsToGitLabGlobalConfiguration.xml on the Jenkins controller. These credentials could be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.
Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin now stores these credentials encrypted. Existing jobs need to have their configuration saved for existing plain text credentials to be overwritten.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:violation-comments-to-gitlab"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.29"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10415"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-23T20:32:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-25T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin stored API tokens unencrypted in job `config.xml` files and its global configuration file `org.jenkinsci.plugins.jvctgl.ViolationsToGitLabGlobalConfiguration.xml` on the Jenkins controller. These credentials could be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nViolation Comments to GitLab Plugin now stores these credentials encrypted. Existing jobs need to have their configuration saved for existing plain text credentials to be overwritten.",
"id": "GHSA-8hwr-589g-xpj2",
"modified": "2023-02-23T20:32:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:56:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/violation-comments-to-gitlab-plugin/commit/e8237a803012bae7773d8bd10fe02e21892be3fe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-09-25/#SECURITY-1577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/25/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin has Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}
GHSA-8JH8-WH5V-2WH3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 09:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 09:30uniFLOW Universal Login Manager (ULM) Standalone contains an information disclosure vulnerability that may allow an authenticated administrator to access sensitive configuration information through the ULM Remote User Interface (RUI). Exploitation requires administrative privileges and may disclose configuration data associated with SMTP or LDAP integrations. ULM deployments connected to uniFLOW Server or uniFLOW Online are not affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-06T09:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "uniFLOW Universal Login Manager (ULM) Standalone\ncontains an information disclosure vulnerability that may allow an\nauthenticated administrator to access sensitive configuration information\nthrough the ULM Remote User Interface (RUI). Exploitation requires\nadministrative privileges and may disclose configuration data associated with\nSMTP or LDAP integrations. ULM deployments connected to uniFLOW Server or\nuniFLOW Online are not affected.",
"id": "GHSA-8jh8-wh5v-2wh3",
"modified": "2026-07-06T09:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ntware.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/SA/pages/13659504652/2026+Security+Advisory+ULM+Potential+Information+Disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.canon-europe.com/psirt/advisory-information"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.