CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1938 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-739W-CHHW-JPXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:46 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:50In Vijeo Citect 7.30 and 7.40, and CitectSCADA 7.30 and 7.40, a vulnerability has been identified that may allow an authenticated local user access to Citect user credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10981"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-31T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Vijeo Citect 7.30 and 7.40, and CitectSCADA 7.30 and 7.40, a vulnerability has been identified that may allow an authenticated local user access to Citect user credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-739w-chhw-jpxj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:50:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:46:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-150-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.cse.iitk.ac.in/responsible-disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sw.aveva.com/hubfs/assets-2018/pdf/security-bulletin/SecurityAdvisory_LFSec136.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108543"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-742W-89GC-8M9C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-11 23:27 – Updated: 2022-02-11 23:27Impact
If a container image manifest in the OCI Image format or Docker Image V2 Schema 2 format includes a URL for the location of a specific image layer (otherwise known as a “foreign layer”), the default containerd resolver will follow that URL to attempt to download it. In v1.2.x but not 1.3.0 or later, the default containerd resolver will provide its authentication credentials if the server where the URL is located presents an HTTP 401 status code along with registry-specific HTTP headers.
If an attacker publishes a public image with a manifest that directs one of the layers to be fetched from a web server they control and they trick a user or system into pulling the image, they can obtain the credentials used for pulling that image. In some cases, this may be the user's username and password for the registry. In other cases, this may be the credentials attached to the cloud virtual instance which can grant access to other cloud resources in the account.
The default containerd resolver is used by the cri-containerd plugin (which can be used by Kubernetes), the ctr development tool, and other client programs that have explicitly linked against it.
This vulnerability has been rated by the containerd maintainers as medium, with a CVSS score of 6.1 and a vector string of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N.
Patches
This vulnerability has been fixed in containerd 1.2.14. containerd 1.3 and later are not affected.
Workarounds
If you are using containerd 1.3 or later, you are not affected. If you are using cri-containerd in the 1.2 series or prior, you should ensure you only pull images from trusted sources. Other container runtimes built on top of containerd but not using the default resolver (such as Docker) are not affected.
Credits
The containerd maintainers would like to thank Brad Geesaman, Josh Larsen, Ian Coldwater, Duffie Cooley, and Rory McCune for responsibly disclosing this issue in accordance with the containerd security policy.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containerd/containerd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15157"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-24T17:51:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-16T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nIf a container image manifest in the OCI Image format or Docker Image V2 Schema 2 format includes a URL for the location of a specific image layer (otherwise known as a \u201cforeign layer\u201d), the default containerd resolver will follow that URL to attempt to download it. In v1.2.x but not 1.3.0 or later, the default containerd resolver will provide its authentication credentials if the server where the URL is located presents an HTTP 401 status code along with registry-specific HTTP headers.\n\nIf an attacker publishes a public image with a manifest that directs one of the layers to be fetched from a web server they control and they trick a user or system into pulling the image, they can obtain the credentials used for pulling that image. In some cases, this may be the user\u0027s username and password for the registry. In other cases, this may be the credentials attached to the cloud virtual instance which can grant access to other cloud resources in the account.\n\nThe default containerd resolver is used by the cri-containerd plugin (which can be used by Kubernetes), the ctr development tool, and other client programs that have explicitly linked against it.\n\nThis vulnerability has been rated by the containerd maintainers as medium, with a CVSS score of 6.1 and a vector string of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N.\n\n## Patches\n\nThis vulnerability has been fixed in containerd 1.2.14. containerd 1.3 and later are not affected.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf you are using containerd 1.3 or later, you are not affected. If you are using cri-containerd in the 1.2 series or prior, you should ensure you only pull images from trusted sources. Other container runtimes built on top of containerd but not using the default resolver (such as Docker) are not affected.\n\n## Credits\n\nThe containerd maintainers would like to thank Brad Geesaman, Josh Larsen, Ian Coldwater, Duffie Cooley, and Rory McCune for responsibly disclosing this issue in accordance with the [containerd security policy](https://github.com/containerd/project/blob/master/SECURITY.md).",
"id": "GHSA-742w-89gc-8m9c",
"modified": "2022-02-11T23:27:39Z",
"published": "2022-02-11T23:27:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd/security/advisories/GHSA-742w-89gc-8m9c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd/commit/1ead8d9deb3b175bf40413b8c47b3d19c2262726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://darkbit.io/blog/cve-2020-15157-containerdrip"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/tag/v1.2.14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4589-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4589-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4865"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "containerd v1.2.x can be coerced into leaking credentials during image pull"
}
GHSA-7459-H4W5-FW6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:17Bond JetSelect (all versions) has an issue in the Java class (ENCtool.jar) and corresponding password generation algorithm (used to set initial passwords upon first installation). It XORs the plaintext into the 'encrypted' password that is then stored within the database. These steps are able to be trivially reversed, allowing for escalation of privilege within the JetSelect application through obtaining the passwords of JetSelect administrators. JetSelect administrators have the ability to modify and delete all networking configuration across a vessel, as well as altering network configuration of all managed network devices (switches, routers).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-05-14T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Bond JetSelect (all versions) has an issue in the Java class (ENCtool.jar) and corresponding password generation algorithm (used to set initial passwords upon first installation). It XORs the plaintext into the \u0027encrypted\u0027 password that is then stored within the database. These steps are able to be trivially reversed, allowing for escalation of privilege within the JetSelect application through obtaining the passwords of JetSelect administrators. JetSelect administrators have the ability to modify and delete all networking configuration across a vessel, as well as altering network configuration of all managed network devices (switches, routers).",
"id": "GHSA-7459-h4w5-fw6x",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:17:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:17:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.nettitude.com/blog/cve-2019-13021-22-23-jetselect-network-segregation-application"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-746X-XXRX-23JP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2024-01-30 21:51Jenkins Kmap Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins master where they can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the master file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:kmap-jenkins"
},
"versions": [
"1.6"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10294"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-30T21:51:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-04T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Kmap Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins master where they can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the master file system.",
"id": "GHSA-746x-xxrx-23jp",
"modified": "2024-01-30T21:51:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-03/#SECURITY-1056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/04/12/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107790"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Kmap Plugin stores credentials in plain text "
}
GHSA-74XW-2QGH-V93W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 00:29 – Updated: 2023-04-26 21:30D-Link DIR-100 4.03B07 has PPTP and poe information disclosure
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-7055"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-04T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-100 4.03B07 has PPTP and poe information disclosure",
"id": "GHSA-74xw-2qgh-v93w",
"modified": "2023-04-26T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-05T00:29:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-7055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/90903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/65290/info"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://pigstarter.krebsco.de/report/2013-12-18_dir100.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7584-J7HQ-MFH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30QiHang Media Web Digital Signage 3.0.9 contains a cleartext credentials vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to access administrative login information through an unprotected XML file. Attackers can retrieve hardcoded admin credentials by requesting the '/xml/User/User.xml' file, enabling direct authentication bypass.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T21:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "QiHang Media Web Digital Signage 3.0.9 contains a cleartext credentials vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to access administrative login information through an unprotected XML file. Attackers can retrieve hardcoded admin credentials by requesting the \u0027/xml/User/User.xml\u0027 file, enabling direct authentication bypass.",
"id": "GHSA-7584-j7hq-mfh2",
"modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2025-12-10T21:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qihang-media-web-digital-signage-cleartext-credentials-disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2020-5579.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.howfor.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-75MR-QV3C-5MMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-29 09:31 – Updated: 2024-04-29 09:31Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions 4.0.0 and 4.0.1, contains a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability. A local low privileged malicious user could potentially exploit this vulnerability to obtain credentials leading to unauthorized access with elevated privileges. This could lead to further attacks, thus Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28961"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-256",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-29T09:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions 4.0.0 and 4.0.1, contains a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability. A local low privileged malicious user could potentially exploit this vulnerability to obtain credentials leading to unauthorized access with elevated privileges. This could lead to further attacks, thus Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.",
"id": "GHSA-75mr-qv3c-5mmf",
"modified": "2024-04-29T09:31:53Z",
"published": "2024-04-29T09:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000224251/dsa-2024-184-security-update-for-dell-openmanage-enterprise-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75PM-V38F-V69M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-28 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-28 21:31Stable Diffusion WebUI through 1.10.1 contains a credential disclosure vulnerability in the /sdapi/v1/cmd-flags endpoint that returns parsed command-line arguments including gradio_auth and api_auth values in cleartext. Unauthenticated attackers can access this endpoint to retrieve configured usernames and passwords, then use them to authenticate to the interface and access the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-82288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-28T20:20:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stable Diffusion WebUI through 1.10.1 contains a credential disclosure vulnerability in the /sdapi/v1/cmd-flags endpoint that returns parsed command-line arguments including gradio_auth and api_auth values in cleartext. Unauthenticated attackers can access this endpoint to retrieve configured usernames and passwords, then use them to authenticate to the interface and access the application.",
"id": "GHSA-75pm-v38f-v69m",
"modified": "2026-08-28T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-08-28T21:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-82288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui/issues/17411"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui/blob/82a973c04367123ae98bd9abdf80d9eda9b910e2/modules/api/api.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/stable-diffusion-webui-credential-disclosure-via-sdapi-v1-cmd-flags"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-75W3-VJMV-R7V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2023-04-26 21:30D-Link DSL-2875AL devices through 1.00.05 are prone to password disclosure via a simple crafted /romfile.cfg request to the web management server. This request doesn't require any authentication and will lead to saving the configuration file. The password is stored in cleartext.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15655"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-19T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "D-Link DSL-2875AL devices through 1.00.05 are prone to password disclosure via a simple crafted /romfile.cfg request to the web management server. This request doesn\u0027t require any authentication and will lead to saving the configuration file. The password is stored in cleartext.",
"id": "GHSA-75w3-vjmv-r7v8",
"modified": "2023-04-26T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/security-resources/security-advisories/?fid=26165"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-773F-F929-QGJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:23 – Updated: 2025-05-28 19:58Liferay Portal before 7.3.0, and Liferay DXP 7.0 before fix pack 89, 7.1 before fix pack 17, and 7.2 before fix pack 4, does not safely test a connection to a LDAP server, which allows remote attackers to obtain the LDAP server's password via the Test LDAP Connection feature.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.10.fp89"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.1.10.fp17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.2.10.fp4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15841"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T19:58:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-20T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Liferay Portal before 7.3.0, and Liferay DXP 7.0 before fix pack 89, 7.1 before fix pack 17, and 7.2 before fix pack 4, does not safely test a connection to a LDAP server, which allows remote attackers to obtain the LDAP server\u0027s password via the Test LDAP Connection feature.",
"id": "GHSA-773f-f929-qgjj",
"modified": "2025-05-28T19:58:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:23:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15841"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.liferay.com/browse/LPE-16928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.liferay.dev/learn/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/HbL5mxmVrnXW/content/id/119317439"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Potentially Reveal LDAP Server Password via Unsafe Connection"
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.