Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-522

Allowed-with-Review

Insufficiently Protected Credentials

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.

1817 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-7PQ5-98WW-5Q49

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in New Media Smarty before 9.10. Passwords are stored in the database in an obfuscated format that can be easily reversed. The file data.mdb contains these obfuscated passwords in the second column. NOTE: this is unrelated to the popular Smarty template engine product.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-10375"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-05T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in New Media Smarty before 9.10. Passwords are stored in the database in an obfuscated format that can be easily reversed. The file data.mdb contains these obfuscated passwords in the second column. NOTE: this is unrelated to the popular Smarty template engine product.",
  "id": "GHSA-7pq5-98ww-5q49",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:41:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10375"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.smarty-online.de"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2020-005-smarty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-7Q6H-CG2P-9CXP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-15 00:00
VLAI
Details

Credentials are printed in clear text in the IBM Spectrum Protect Plus 10.1.0.0 through 10.1.9.3 virgo log file in certain cases. Credentials could be the remote vSnap, offload targets, or VADP credentials depending on the operation performed. Credentials that are using API key or certificate are not printed. IBM X-Force ID: 222231.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22396"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-06T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Credentials are printed in clear text in the IBM Spectrum Protect Plus 10.1.0.0 through 10.1.9.3 virgo log file in certain cases. Credentials could be the remote vSnap, offload targets, or VADP credentials depending on the operation performed. Credentials that are using API key or certificate are not printed. IBM X-Force ID: 222231.",
  "id": "GHSA-7q6h-cg2p-9cxp",
  "modified": "2022-06-15T00:00:23Z",
  "published": "2022-06-07T00:00:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22396"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/222231"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6591505"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7QC3-F88F-RQHV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-01-10 03:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Fresenius Kabi PharmaHelp 5.1.759.0 allows attackers to gain escalated privileges via via capture of user login information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45611"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:16:30Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Fresenius Kabi PharmaHelp 5.1.759.0 allows attackers to gain escalated privileges via via capture of user login information.",
  "id": "GHSA-7qc3-f88f-rqhv",
  "modified": "2024-01-10T03:30:24Z",
  "published": "2023-08-22T21:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45611"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.fresenius-kabi.com/de-at/produkte/pharmahelp-compounder"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.fresenius.com/sites/default/files/2023-11/Fresenius%20-%20CVE-2022-45611.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.fresenius.com/sites/default/files/2023-12/Fresenius%20-%20CVE-2022-45611.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7RFV-3PC8-CP7X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:37
VLAI
Details

An Unprotected Transport of Credentials issue was discovered in ABB Ellipse 8.3 through Ellipse 8.9 released prior to December 2017 (including Ellipse Select). A vulnerability exists in the authentication of Ellipse to LDAP/AD using the LDAP protocol. An attacker could exploit the vulnerability by sniffing local network traffic, allowing the discovery of authentication credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-16731"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522",
      "CWE-523"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-20T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An Unprotected Transport of Credentials issue was discovered in ABB Ellipse 8.3 through Ellipse 8.9 released prior to December 2017 (including Ellipse Select). A vulnerability exists in the authentication of Ellipse to LDAP/AD using the LDAP protocol. An attacker could exploit the vulnerability by sniffing local network traffic, allowing the discovery of authentication credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rfv-3pc8-cp7x",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:37:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:37:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16731"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-353-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7V4F-5MR6-34C7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-01 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-01 18:30
VLAI
Details

E3 Site Supervisor Control (firmware version < 2.31F01) generates the root linux password on each boot. An attacker can generate the root linux password for a vulnerable device based on known or easy to fetch parameters.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52549"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-02T12:15:37Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "E3 Site Supervisor Control (firmware version \u003c 2.31F01) generates the root linux password on each boot. An attacker can generate the root linux password for a vulnerable device based on known or easy to fetch parameters.",
  "id": "GHSA-7v4f-5mr6-34c7",
  "modified": "2025-10-01T18:30:38Z",
  "published": "2025-10-01T18:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52549"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.armis.com/research/frostbyte10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7VF8-2CR6-54MF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 20:12 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:39
VLAI
Summary
Argo vulnerable to exposure of artifact repository credentials
Details

Summary

The workflow executor logs all artifact repository credentials (S3 access keys, secret keys, GCS service account keys, Azure account keys, Git passwords, etc.) in plaintext on artifact operation. Any user with read access to workflow pod logs can extract these credentials.

Note: This is an incomplete fix of CVE-2025-62157

Details

The logging driver passes the entire ArtifactDriver struct to the structured logger, for example: https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/blob/59f1089b9875723ddffd524513e6bd5cb37e5e31/workflow/artifacts/logging/driver.go#L24

Exposed credential fields: - S3 (workflow/artifacts/s3/s3.go): AccessKey, SecretKey, SessionToken, ServerSideCustomerKey - OSS (workflow/artifacts/oss/oss.go): AccessKey, SecretKey, SecurityToken - GCS (workflow/artifacts/gcs/gcs.go): ServiceAccountKey

PoC

  1. Create template
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Workflow
metadata:
  name: cred-leak-test
  namespace: argo
spec:
  entrypoint: main
  templates:
  - name: main
    container:
      image: alpine:3.13
      command: [sh, -c]
      args: ["echo 'hello' > /tmp/output.txt"]
    outputs:
      artifacts:
      - name: output
        path: /tmp/output.txt
        s3:
          endpoint: minio:9000
          insecure: true
          bucket: my-bucket
          key: test-output.txt
          accessKeySecret:
            name: my-minio-cred
            key: accesskey
          secretKeySecret:
            name: my-minio-cred
            key: secretkey
  1. Then check the logs kubectl -n argo logs "cred-leak-test" -c wait image

Impact

Any user with Kubernetes RBAC permissions to read pod logs in the workflow namespace can extract artifact repository credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/v4"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42295"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T20:12:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T04:16:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe workflow executor logs all artifact repository credentials (S3 access keys, secret keys, GCS service account keys, Azure account keys, Git passwords, etc.) in plaintext on artifact operation. Any user with read access to workflow pod logs can extract these credentials.\n\n**Note:** This is an incomplete fix of [CVE-2025-62157](https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/security/advisories/GHSA-c2hv-4pfj-mm2r)\n### Details\nThe logging driver passes the entire ArtifactDriver struct to the structured logger, for example:\nhttps://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/blob/59f1089b9875723ddffd524513e6bd5cb37e5e31/workflow/artifacts/logging/driver.go#L24\n\nExposed credential fields:\n- S3 (workflow/artifacts/s3/s3.go): AccessKey, SecretKey, SessionToken, ServerSideCustomerKey\n- OSS (workflow/artifacts/oss/oss.go): AccessKey, SecretKey, SecurityToken\n- GCS (workflow/artifacts/gcs/gcs.go): ServiceAccountKey\n\n### PoC\n1. Create template\n```yml\napiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1\nkind: Workflow\nmetadata:\n  name: cred-leak-test\n  namespace: argo\nspec:\n  entrypoint: main\n  templates:\n  - name: main\n    container:\n      image: alpine:3.13\n      command: [sh, -c]\n      args: [\"echo \u0027hello\u0027 \u003e /tmp/output.txt\"]\n    outputs:\n      artifacts:\n      - name: output\n        path: /tmp/output.txt\n        s3:\n          endpoint: minio:9000\n          insecure: true\n          bucket: my-bucket\n          key: test-output.txt\n          accessKeySecret:\n            name: my-minio-cred\n            key: accesskey\n          secretKeySecret:\n            name: my-minio-cred\n            key: secretkey\n```\n\n2. Then check the logs\n`kubectl -n argo logs \"cred-leak-test\" -c wait`\n\u003cimg width=\"1248\" height=\"322\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a5cf6d66-7d67-408d-8583-27d11ecf1507\" /\u003e\n\n\n### Impact\nAny user with Kubernetes RBAC permissions to read pod logs in the workflow namespace can extract artifact repository credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-7vf8-2cr6-54mf",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T13:39:27Z",
  "published": "2026-05-04T20:12:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/security/advisories/GHSA-7vf8-2cr6-54mf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/security/advisories/GHSA-c2hv-4pfj-mm2r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42295"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/commit/bdd40908580f727c590c8743836e338b04fe4a87"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/blob/59f1089b9875723ddffd524513e6bd5cb37e5e31/workflow/artifacts/logging/driver.go#L24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-workflows/releases/tag/v4.0.5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Argo vulnerable to exposure of artifact repository credentials"
}

GHSA-7VJ7-47PR-4HG8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-10-25 19:00
VLAI
Details

Dell Enterprise SONiC OS, versions 3.3.0 and earlier, contains a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability. An authenticated malicious user with access to the system may use the TACACS\Radius credentials stored to read sensitive information and use it in further attacks.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-36309"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-01T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell Enterprise SONiC OS, versions 3.3.0 and earlier, contains a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability. An authenticated malicious user with access to the system may use the TACACS\\Radius credentials stored to read sensitive information and use it in further attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-7vj7-47pr-4hg8",
  "modified": "2022-10-25T19:00:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:16:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36309"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000191690/DSA-2021-190-Dell-Enterprise-SONiC-OS-Security-Update-for-an-information-disclosure-Vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7VWH-8P2G-H5HM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-28 15:31 – Updated: 2025-03-28 15:31
VLAI
Details

The exposure of credentials in the call forwarding configuration module in MeetMe products in versions prior to 2024-09 allows an attacker to gain access to some important assets via configuration files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-2908"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-28T13:15:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The exposure of credentials in the call forwarding configuration module in MeetMe products in versions prior to 2024-09 allows an attacker to gain access to some important assets via configuration files.",
  "id": "GHSA-7vwh-8p2g-h5hm",
  "modified": "2025-03-28T15:31:55Z",
  "published": "2025-03-28T15:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2908"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-fermax-mobile-applications"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7W8X-G282-6CF2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-07-30 00:00
VLAI
Details

The Vangene deltaFlow E-platform does not take properly protective measures. Attackers can obtain privileged permissions remotely by tampering with users’ data in the Cookie.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-28171"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522",
      "CWE-565"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-06T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Vangene deltaFlow E-platform does not take properly protective measures. Attackers can obtain privileged permissions remotely by tampering with users\u2019 data in the Cookie.",
  "id": "GHSA-7w8x-g282-6cf2",
  "modified": "2022-07-30T00:00:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28171"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.chtsecurity.com/news/7f0874b5-516b-4637-842d-b6fb6c335c66"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4618-4dcc2-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7W94-MP6M-PFQ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-12 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:31
VLAI
Details

The front-end audit log allows viewing of unprotected plaintext passwords, where the passwords are displayed in plain text.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-36460"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-256",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-12T13:38:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The front-end audit log allows viewing of unprotected plaintext passwords, where the passwords are displayed in plain text.",
  "id": "GHSA-7w94-mp6m-pfq8",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:31:11Z",
  "published": "2024-08-12T15:30:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-25017"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft

An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.

CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation

An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.