Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-522

Allowed-with-Review

Insufficiently Protected Credentials

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.

1811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-HFJR-M75M-WMH7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:59 – Updated: 2022-12-06 21:43
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Zulip Plugin vulnerable to Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Details

Jenkins Zulip Plugin prior to 1.1.1 stored credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file on the Jenkins master where they could be viewed by users with access to the master file system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:zulip"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10476"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-06T21:43:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-23T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Zulip Plugin prior to 1.1.1 stored credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file on the Jenkins master where they could be viewed by users with access to the master file system.",
  "id": "GHSA-hfjr-m75m-wmh7",
  "modified": "2022-12-06T21:43:39Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:59:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10476"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/zulip-plugin/commit/2a9dd6c41c2d913b0414d015b3118e3ddb60bd90"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/zulip-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/zulip-plugin/releases/tag/1.1.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-10-23/#SECURITY-1621"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/10/23/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Zulip Plugin vulnerable to Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}

GHSA-HG7F-QQJP-2JP3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:51 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:51
VLAI
Details

Jiuzhou BCM93383WRG 139.4410mp1.3921132mp1.899.004404.004 devices allow remote attackers to discover credentials via iso.3.6.1.4.1.4491.2.4.1.1.6.1.1.0 and iso.3.6.1.4.1.4491.2.4.1.1.6.1.2.0 SNMP requests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-20382"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-12-23T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Jiuzhou BCM93383WRG 139.4410mp1.3921132mp1.899.004404.004 devices allow remote attackers to discover credentials via iso.3.6.1.4.1.4491.2.4.1.1.6.1.1.0 and iso.3.6.1.4.1.4491.2.4.1.1.6.1.2.0 SNMP requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-hg7f-qqjp-2jp3",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:51:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:51:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20382"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ezelf/sensitivesOids/blob/master/oidpassswordleaks.csv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://misteralfa-hack.blogspot.com/2018/12/stringbleed-y-ahora-que-passwords-leaks.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HGPG-93JF-PPGC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16
VLAI
Details

ECOA BAS controller is vulnerable to weak access control mechanism allowing authenticated user to remotely escalate privileges by disclosing credentials of administrative accounts in plain-text.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41297"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-30T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "ECOA BAS controller is vulnerable to weak access control mechanism allowing authenticated user to remotely escalate privileges by disclosing credentials of administrative accounts in plain-text.",
  "id": "GHSA-hgpg-93jf-ppgc",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:16:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-5133-f3c4b-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-HGVJ-Q3GX-63JM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-08 00:00
VLAI
Details

Trendnet AC2600 TEW-827DRU version 2.08B01 leaks information via the ftp web page. Usernames and passwords for all ftp users are revealed in plaintext on the ftpserver.asp page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20163"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-30T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Trendnet AC2600 TEW-827DRU version 2.08B01 leaks information via the ftp web page. Usernames and passwords for all ftp users are revealed in plaintext on the ftpserver.asp page.",
  "id": "GHSA-hgvj-q3gx-63jm",
  "modified": "2022-01-08T00:00:32Z",
  "published": "2021-12-31T00:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20163"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-54"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-HH3J-X4MC-G48R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-12-26 18:22 – Updated: 2022-04-19 18:42
VLAI
Summary
Insufficiently Protected Credentials in Apache Tomcat
Details

When Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.28, 8.5.0 to 8.5.47, 7.0.0 and 7.0.97 is configured with the JMX Remote Lifecycle Listener, a local attacker without access to the Tomcat process or configuration files is able to manipulate the RMI registry to perform a man-in-the-middle attack to capture user names and passwords used to access the JMX interface. The attacker can then use these credentials to access the JMX interface and gain complete control over the Tomcat instance.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 7.0.98"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.0.99"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 8.5.48"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.5.49"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-12418"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2019-12-26T18:22:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-12-23T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "When Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.28, 8.5.0 to 8.5.47, 7.0.0 and 7.0.97 is configured with the JMX Remote Lifecycle Listener, a local attacker without access to the Tomcat process or configuration files is able to manipulate the RMI registry to perform a man-in-the-middle attack to capture user names and passwords used to access the JMX interface. The attacker can then use these credentials to access the JMX interface and gain complete control over the Tomcat instance.",
  "id": "GHSA-hh3j-x4mc-g48r",
  "modified": "2022-04-19T18:42:25Z",
  "published": "2019-12-26T18:22:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4680"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4596"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4251-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K10107360?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp;utm_medium=RSS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200107-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Dec/43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00029.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/01/msg00024.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/raba0fabaf4d56d4325ab2aca8814f0b30a237ab83d8106b115ee279a@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9136ff5b13e4f1941360b5a309efee2c114a14855578c3a2cbe5d19c@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6ccee4e849bc77df0840c7f853f6bd09d426f6741247da2b7429d5d9@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r48c1444845fe15a823e1374674bfc297d5008a5453788099ea14caf0@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3bbb800a816d0a51eccc5a228c58736960a9fffafa581a225834d97d@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/43530b91506e2e0c11cfbe691173f5df8c48f51b98262426d7493b67%40%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00013.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials in Apache Tomcat"
}

GHSA-HH8R-H732-X9JF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42
VLAI
Details

IBM BigFix Compliance Analytics 1.9.79 (TEMA SUAv1 SCA SCM) stores user credentials in clear text which can be read by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 123676.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-1201"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-05T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM BigFix Compliance Analytics 1.9.79 (TEMA SUAv1 SCA SCM) stores user credentials in clear text which can be read by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 123676.",
  "id": "GHSA-hh8r-h732-x9jf",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:37Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:42:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/123676"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22008114"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HHC5-M2G9-FXR9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 18:33 – Updated: 2024-10-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

In JetBrains TeamCity before 2024.07.3 password could be exposed via Sonar runner REST API

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47161"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T16:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2024.07.3 password could be exposed via Sonar runner REST API",
  "id": "GHSA-hhc5-m2g9-fxr9",
  "modified": "2024-10-08T18:33:13Z",
  "published": "2024-10-08T18:33:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HHM3-48H2-597V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-02 00:01 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26
VLAI
Summary
Insufficiently Protected Credentials in Apache Superset
Details

Apache Superset up to and including 1.3.2 allowed for registered database connections password leak for authenticated users. This information could be accessed in a non-trivial way. Users should upgrade to Apache Superset 1.4.0 or higher.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "apache-superset"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-44451"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-03T17:20:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-01T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Apache Superset up to and including 1.3.2 allowed for registered database connections password leak for authenticated users. This information could be accessed in a non-trivial way. Users should upgrade to Apache Superset 1.4.0 or higher.",
  "id": "GHSA-hhm3-48h2-597v",
  "modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:19Z",
  "published": "2022-02-02T00:01:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44451"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hhm3-48h2-597v"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/superset"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/apache-superset/PYSEC-2022-36.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/xww1pccs2ckb5506wrf1v4lmxg198vkb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials in Apache Superset"
}

GHSA-HJG8-7HR5-C9J8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-17 21:30
VLAI
Details

patrickfuller camp up to and including commit bbd53a256ed70e79bd8758080936afbf6d738767 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Access to the password.txt file is not properly restricted as it is in the root directory served by StaticFileHandler and the Tornado rule to throw a 403 error when password.txt is accessed can be bypassed. Furthermore, it is not necessary to crack the password hash to authenticate with the application because the password hash is also used as the cookie secret, so an attacker can generate his own authentication cookie.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-37109"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-14T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "patrickfuller camp up to and including commit bbd53a256ed70e79bd8758080936afbf6d738767 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Access to the password.txt file is not properly restricted as it is in the root directory served by StaticFileHandler and the Tornado rule to throw a 403 error when password.txt is accessed can be bypassed. Furthermore, it is not necessary to crack the password hash to authenticate with the application because the password hash is also used as the cookie secret, so an attacker can generate his own authentication cookie.",
  "id": "GHSA-hjg8-7hr5-c9j8",
  "modified": "2022-11-17T21:30:49Z",
  "published": "2022-11-15T12:00:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37109"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patrickfuller/camp/commit/bf6af5c2e5cf713e4050c11c52dd4c55e89880b1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ehtec/camp-exploit"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@elias.hohl/authentication-bypass-vulnerability-in-camp-a-raspberry-pi-camera-server-477e5d270904"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/171478/Raspberry-Pi-Camera-Server-1.0-Authentication-Bypass.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HJMX-M9C7-H485

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 03:33 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:32
VLAI
Details

This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.7.1, macOS Ventura 13.7.1. A malicious application may be able to leak a user's credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-54471"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T02:15:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.7.1, macOS Ventura 13.7.1. A malicious application may be able to leak a user\u0027s credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-hjmx-m9c7-h485",
  "modified": "2026-04-02T21:32:02Z",
  "published": "2024-12-12T03:33:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54471"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43425605"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121564"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121568"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121570"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wts.dev/posts/password-leak"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft

An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.

CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation

An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.