CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C945-V35P-V696
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-03 12:33 – Updated: 2025-10-08 15:32The LDAP 'Bind password' value cannot be read after saving, but a Super Admin account can leak it by changing LDAP 'Host' to a rogue LDAP server. To mitigate this, the 'Bind password' value is now reset on 'Host' change.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27231"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-03T12:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The LDAP \u0027Bind password\u0027 value cannot be read after saving, but a Super Admin account can leak it by changing LDAP \u0027Host\u0027 to a rogue LDAP server. To mitigate this, the \u0027Bind password\u0027 value is now reset on \u0027Host\u0027 change.",
"id": "GHSA-c945-v35p-v696",
"modified": "2025-10-08T15:32:26Z",
"published": "2025-10-03T12:33:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-27062"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C97H-4JJP-RQVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-11 09:34 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:33BigFix Insights for Vulnerability Remediation (IVR) uses weak cryptography that can lead to credential exposure. An attacker could gain access to sensitive information, modify data in unexpected ways, etc.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-11T07:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BigFix Insights for Vulnerability Remediation (IVR) uses weak cryptography that can lead to credential exposure. An attacker could gain access to sensitive information, modify data in unexpected ways, etc.\n",
"id": "GHSA-c97h-4jjp-rqvh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:33:15Z",
"published": "2023-10-11T09:34:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0108005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CC7J-XX7Q-FR34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2023-10-26 15:40Jenkins Jabber Server Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file de.e_nexus.jabber.JabberBuilder.xml on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with access to the Jenkins controller file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "de.e-nexus:jabber-server-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T15:40:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-04T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Jenkins Jabber Server Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file `de.e_nexus.jabber.JabberBuilder.xml` on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with access to the Jenkins controller file system.",
"id": "GHSA-cc7j-xx7q-fr34",
"modified": "2023-10-26T15:40:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-03/#SECURITY-1031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/04/12/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Jabber Server Plugin stores credentials in plain text"
}
GHSA-CC82-9XQ4-FR7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-14 00:01 – Updated: 2022-04-01 00:01Auerswald COMpact 5500R devices before 8.2B allow Privilege Escalation via the passwd=1 substring.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-13T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Auerswald COMpact 5500R devices before 8.2B allow Privilege Escalation via the passwd=1 substring.",
"id": "GHSA-cc82-9xq4-fr7x",
"modified": "2022-04-01T00:01:18Z",
"published": "2021-12-14T00:01:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/advisories/rt-sa-2021-005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/en/advisories/-advisories-publicised-vulnerability-analyses"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165163/Auerswald-COMpact-8.0B-Privilege-Escalation.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CC8M-98FM-RC9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 21:03 – Updated: 2026-01-16 21:57Impact
Arbitrary code execution through lua filters.
The default skipper configuration before v0.23 was -lua-sources=inline,file.
The problem starts if untrusted users can create lua filters, because of -lua-sources=inline , for example through a Kubernetes Ingress resource. The configuration inline allows these user to create a script that is able to read the filesystem accessible to the skipper process and if the user has access to read the logs they an read skipper secrets.
Kubernetes example (vulnerability is not limited to Kubernetes)
function request(ctx, params)
local file = io.open('/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token', 'r')
if file then
local token = file:read('*all')
file:close()
error('[EXFIL] ' .. token) -- Exfiltrate via error logs
end
end
Patches
https://github.com/zalando/skipper/releases/tag/v0.23.0 disables Lua by default.
Workarounds
You can reduce support of how you can pass lua filter script data by providing config for lua sources https://opensource.zalando.com/skipper/reference/scripts/#enable-and-disable-lua-sources. For example -lua-sources=file will only be exploitable if the attacker can create a lua script file on the target system.
References
https://opensource.zalando.com/skipper/reference/scripts/#enable-and-disable-lua-sources
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/zalando/skipper"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.23.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23742"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-250",
"CWE-522",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-16T21:03:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T20:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nArbitrary code execution through [lua filters](https://opensource.zalando.com/skipper/reference/scripts/).\n\nThe default skipper configuration before v0.23 was `-lua-sources=inline,file`. \nThe problem starts if untrusted users can create lua filters, because of `-lua-sources=inline` , for example through a Kubernetes Ingress resource. The configuration `inline` allows these user to create a script that is able to read the filesystem accessible to the skipper process and if the user has access to read the logs they an read skipper secrets.\n\nKubernetes example (vulnerability is not limited to Kubernetes)\n```lua\nfunction request(ctx, params)\n local file = io.open(\u0027/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token\u0027, \u0027r\u0027)\n if file then\n local token = file:read(\u0027*all\u0027)\n file:close()\n error(\u0027[EXFIL] \u0027 .. token) -- Exfiltrate via error logs\n end\nend\n```\n\n### Patches\n\nhttps://github.com/zalando/skipper/releases/tag/v0.23.0 disables Lua by default.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nYou can reduce support of how you can pass lua filter script data by providing config for lua sources https://opensource.zalando.com/skipper/reference/scripts/#enable-and-disable-lua-sources. For example `-lua-sources=file` will only be exploitable if the attacker can create a lua script file on the target system. \n\n### References\n\nhttps://opensource.zalando.com/skipper/reference/scripts/#enable-and-disable-lua-sources",
"id": "GHSA-cc8m-98fm-rc9g",
"modified": "2026-01-16T21:57:03Z",
"published": "2026-01-16T21:03:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zalando/skipper/security/advisories/GHSA-cc8m-98fm-rc9g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zalando/skipper/commit/0b52894570773b29e2f3c571b94b4211ef8fa714"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/zalando/skipper"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zalando/skipper/releases/tag/v0.23.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Skipper is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution through lua filters"
}
GHSA-CC9P-869W-HXH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30Prosys OPC UA Simulation Server version prior to v5.3.0-64 and UA Modbus Server versions 1.4.18-5 and prior do not sufficiently protect credentials, which could allow an attacker to obtain user credentials and gain access to system data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2967"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-03T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Prosys OPC UA Simulation Server version prior to v5.3.0-64 and UA Modbus Server versions 1.4.18-5 and prior do not sufficiently protect credentials, which could allow an attacker to obtain user credentials and gain access to system data.",
"id": "GHSA-cc9p-869w-hxh2",
"modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-01-04T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-349-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.prosysopc.com/blog/#Security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCHG-585C-7MRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:13 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:13An issue was discovered in Castle Rock SNMPc Online 12.10.10 before 2020-01-28. It includes the username and password values in cleartext within each request's cookie value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Castle Rock SNMPc Online 12.10.10 before 2020-01-28. It includes the username and password values in cleartext within each request\u0027s cookie value.",
"id": "GHSA-cchg-585c-7mrm",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:13:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:13:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/tsscyber/noc-noc-whos-there-your-nms-is-pwned-1826174e0dee"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CCQP-9WWV-6XMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-01 18:32 – Updated: 2024-07-01 18:32In JetBrains TeamCity before 2024.03.3 application token could be exposed in EC2 Cloud Profile settings
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39879"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-01T17:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2024.03.3 application token could be exposed in EC2 Cloud Profile settings",
"id": "GHSA-ccqp-9wwv-6xmj",
"modified": "2024-07-01T18:32:41Z",
"published": "2024-07-01T18:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCQR-2CF6-H7P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15IBM Security Verify Bridge 1.0.5.0 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 196346.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-23T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Verify Bridge 1.0.5.0 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 196346.",
"id": "GHSA-ccqr-2cf6-h7p3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/196346"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6491651"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CCX4-G627-R97J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:20IBM Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager 3.0, 3.0.1, 4.0, and 4.1 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local user. X-Force ID: 212781.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38976"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager 3.0, 3.0.1, 4.0, and 4.1 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local user. X-Force ID: 212781.",
"id": "GHSA-ccx4-g627-r97j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/212781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6516038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.