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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-444

Allowed

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

674 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4Q56-CRQP-V477

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 22:23 – Updated: 2025-04-01 22:23
VLAI
Summary
Remix and React Router allow URL manipulation via Host / X-Forwarded-Host headers
Details

Impact

We received a report about a vulnerability in Remix/React Router that affects all Remix 2 and React Router 7 consumers using the Express adapter. Basically, this vulnerability allows anyone to spoof the URL used in an incoming Request by putting a URL pathname in the port section of a URL that is part of a Host or X-Forwarded-Host header sent to a Remix/React Router request handler.

Patches

This issue has been patched and released in Remix 2.16.3 React Router 7.4.1.

Credits

  • Rachid Allam (zhero;)
  • Yasser Allam (inzo_)
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@react-router/express"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@remix-run/express"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.11.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.16.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31137"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-01T22:23:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T19:15:45Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nWe received a report about a vulnerability in Remix/React Router that affects all Remix 2 and React Router 7 consumers using the Express adapter. Basically, this vulnerability allows anyone to spoof the URL used in an incoming `Request` by putting a URL pathname in the port section of a URL that is part of a `Host` or `X-Forwarded-Host` header sent to a Remix/React Router request handler.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been patched and released in Remix 2.16.3 React Router 7.4.1.\n\n### Credits\n\n- Rachid Allam (zhero;)\n- Yasser Allam (inzo_)",
  "id": "GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477",
  "modified": "2025-04-01T22:23:33Z",
  "published": "2025-04-01T22:23:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/security/advisories/GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31137"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/remix-run/react-router"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Remix and React Router allow URL manipulation via Host / X-Forwarded-Host headers"
}

GHSA-4QJW-VX62-3VQX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-08 00:01 – Updated: 2022-02-08 00:01
VLAI
Summary
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling')
Details

The package python/cpython from 0 and before 3.6.13, from 3.7.0 and before 3.7.10, from 3.8.0 and before 3.8.8, from 3.9.0 and before 3.9.2 are vulnerable to Web Cache Poisoning via urllib.parse.parse_qsl and urllib.parse.parse_qs by using a vector called parameter cloaking. When the attacker can separate query parameters using a semicolon (;), they can cause a difference in the interpretation of the request between the proxy (running with default configuration) and the server. This can result in malicious requests being cached as completely safe ones, as the proxy would usually not see the semicolon as a separator, and therefore would not include it in a cache key of an unkeyed parameter.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-23336"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-15T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The package python/cpython from 0 and before 3.6.13, from 3.7.0 and before 3.7.10, from 3.8.0 and before 3.8.8, from 3.9.0 and before 3.9.2 are vulnerable to Web Cache Poisoning via urllib.parse.parse_qsl and urllib.parse.parse_qs by using a vector called parameter cloaking. When the attacker can separate query parameters using a semicolon (;), they can cause a difference in the interpretation of the request between the proxy (running with default configuration) and the server. This can result in malicious requests being cached as completely safe ones, as the proxy would usually not see the semicolon as a separator, and therefore would not include it in a cache key of an unkeyed parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-4qjw-vx62-3vqx",
  "modified": "2022-02-08T00:01:28Z",
  "published": "2022-02-08T00:01:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/24297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MP572OLHMS7MZO4KUPSCIMSZIA5IZZ62"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/N6VXJZSZ6N64AILJX4CTMACYGQGHHD5C"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NJSCSN722JO2E2AGPWD4NTGVELVRPB4R"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NODWHDIFBQE5RU5PUWUVE47JOT5VCMJ2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OAGSWNGZJ6HQ5ISA67SNMK3CJRKICET7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RSLQD5CCM75IZGAMBDGUZEATYU5YSGJ7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SGIY6I4YS3WOXAK4SXKIEOC2G4VZKIR7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TFTELUMWZE3KV3JB2H5EE6VFRZFRD5MV"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/W2LSKBEFI5SYEY5FM6ICZVZM5WRQUCS4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-04"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210326-0004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/blog/cache-poisoning-in-popular-open-source-packages"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-UPSTREAM-PYTHONCPYTHON-1074933"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra8ce70088ba291f358e077cafdb14d174b7a1ce9a9d86d1b332d6367@%3Cusers.airflow.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc005f4de9d9b0ba943ceb8ff5a21a5c6ff8a9df52632476698d99432@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf9fa47ab66495c78bb4120b0754dd9531ca2ff0430f6685ac9b07772@%3Cdev.mina.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/02/msg00030.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/04/msg00005.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/04/msg00015.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/09/msg00022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3EPYWWFDV22CJ5AOH5VCE72DOASZZ255"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YKKDLXL3UEZ3J426C2XTBS63AHE46SM"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/46N6A52EGSXHJYCZWVMBJJIH4NWIV2B5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FONHJIOZOFD7CD35KZL6SVBUTMBPGZGA"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HCQTCSP6SCVIYNIRUJC5X7YBVUHPLSC4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HZTM7KLHFCE3LWSEVO2NAFLUHMGYMCRY"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IHQDU7NXA7EWAE4W7VO6MURVJIULEPPR"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KJXCMHLY7H3FIYLE4OKDYUILU2CCRUCZ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LVNH6Z24IG3E67ZCQGGJ46FZB4XFLQNZ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MNUN5SOMFL2BBKP6ZAICIIUPQKZDMGYO"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/19/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/05/01/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request Smuggling\u0027)"
}

GHSA-4QPP-GXM3-H9VW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-19 15:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw in libsoup’s HTTP header handling allows multiple Host: headers in a request and returns the last occurrence for server-side processing. Common front proxies often honor the first Host: header, so this mismatch can cause vhost confusion where a proxy routes a request to one backend but the backend interprets it as destined for another host. This discrepancy enables request-smuggling style attacks, cache poisoning, or bypassing host-based access controls when an attacker supplies duplicate Host headers.

Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14523"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T13:15:58Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw in libsoup\u2019s HTTP header handling allows multiple Host: headers in a request and returns the last occurrence for server-side processing. Common front proxies often honor the first Host: header, so this mismatch can cause vhost confusion where a proxy routes a request to one backend but the backend interprets it as destined for another host. This discrepancy enables request-smuggling style attacks, cache poisoning, or bypassing host-based access controls when an attacker supplies duplicate Host headers.",
  "id": "GHSA-4qpp-gxm3-h9vw",
  "modified": "2026-03-19T15:31:10Z",
  "published": "2025-12-11T15:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14523"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libsoup/-/issues/472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2421349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-14523"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1572"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1571"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1570"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1509"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0925"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0911"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0909"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0908"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0907"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0906"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0868"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0867"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0422"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0421"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4QQR-WVPJ-RJF9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 09:30 – Updated: 2025-03-03 09:30
VLAI
Details

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in ithewei libhv allows HTTP Response Smuggling.This issue affects libhv: through 1.3.3.

Severity
10.0 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1867"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T09:15:39Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027) vulnerability in ithewei libhv allows HTTP Response Smuggling.This issue affects libhv: through 1.3.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-4qqr-wvpj-rjf9",
  "modified": "2025-03-03T09:30:35Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T09:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1867"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/pull/689"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4R7G-FJ95-JWPC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-19 00:01
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in the original fix for the netty-codec-http CVE-2021-21409, where the OpenShift Logging openshift-logging/elasticsearch6-rhel8 container was incomplete. The vulnerable netty-codec-http maven package was not removed from the image content. This flaw affects origin-aggregated-logging versions 3.11.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-0552"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-11T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in the original fix for the netty-codec-http CVE-2021-21409, where the OpenShift Logging openshift-logging/elasticsearch6-rhel8 container was incomplete. The vulnerable netty-codec-http maven package was not removed from the image content. This flaw affects origin-aggregated-logging versions 3.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-4r7g-fj95-jwpc",
  "modified": "2022-04-19T00:01:27Z",
  "published": "2022-04-12T00:00:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0552"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openshift/origin-aggregated-logging/commit/d6b72d6c32e7c06b65324294d10406546734004d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:0721"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:0727"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:0728"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-21409"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-0552"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2052539"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4VJG-VW7F-QRJ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-18 21:32 – Updated: 2026-09-18 21:32
VLAI
Details

IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 is affected by an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability due to improper handling of Content-Length headers.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-18T20:17:01Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 is affected by an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability due to improper handling of Content-Length headers.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vjg-vw7f-qrj3",
  "modified": "2026-09-18T21:32:24Z",
  "published": "2026-09-18T21:32:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7286731"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4VR9-8CJF-VF9C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-12 16:00 – Updated: 2021-10-08 22:14
VLAI
Summary
Async-h1 request smuggling possible with long unread bodies
Details

Impact

This vulnerability affects any webserver that uses async-h1 behind a reverse proxy, including all such Tide applications.

If the server does not read the body of a request which is longer than some buffer length, async-h1 will attempt to read a subsequent request from the body content starting at that offset into the body.

One way to exploit this vulnerability would be for an adversary to craft a request such that the body contains a request that would not be noticed by a reverse proxy, allowing it to forge forwarded/x-forwarded headers. If an application trusted the authenticity of these headers, it could be misled by the smuggled request.

Another potential concern with this vulnerability is that if a reverse proxy is sending multiple http clients' requests along the same keep-alive connection, it would be possible for the smuggled request to specify a long content and capture another user's request in its body. This content could be captured in a post request to an endpoint that allows the content to be subsequently retrieved by the adversary.

Patches

This has been addressed in async-h1 2.3.0 and previous versions have been yanked.

Workarounds

none

References

https://github.com/http-rs/async-h1/releases/tag/v2.3.0

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in async-h1 * Contact a core team member on zulip or discord

Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "async-h1"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-26281"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-08T22:14:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-21T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThis vulnerability affects any webserver that uses async-h1 behind a reverse proxy, including all such Tide applications.\n\nIf the server does not read the body of a request which is longer than some buffer length, async-h1 will attempt to read a subsequent request from the body content starting at that offset into the body.\n\nOne way to exploit this vulnerability would be for an adversary to craft a request such that the body contains a request that would not be noticed by a reverse proxy, allowing it to forge forwarded/x-forwarded headers. If an application trusted the authenticity of these headers, it could be misled by the smuggled request.\n\nAnother potential concern with this vulnerability is that if a reverse proxy is sending multiple http clients\u0027 requests along the same keep-alive connection, it would be possible for the smuggled request to specify a long content and capture another user\u0027s request in its body. This content could be captured in a post request to an endpoint that allows the content to be subsequently retrieved by the adversary.\n\n\n### Patches\nThis has been addressed in async-h1 2.3.0 and previous versions have been yanked.\n\n### Workarounds\nnone\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/http-rs/async-h1/releases/tag/v2.3.0\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [async-h1](https://github.com/http-rs/async-h1)\n* Contact a core team member on [zulip](https://http-rs.zulip-chat.com) or [discord](https://discord.gg/x2gKzst)",
  "id": "GHSA-4vr9-8cjf-vf9c",
  "modified": "2021-10-08T22:14:28Z",
  "published": "2021-10-12T16:00:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/http-rs/async-h1/security/advisories/GHSA-4vr9-8cjf-vf9c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26281"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/http-rs/async-h1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/http-rs/async-h1/releases/tag/v2.3.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2020-0093.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Async-h1 request smuggling possible with long unread bodies"
}

GHSA-4VWW-MC66-62M6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-13 15:21 – Updated: 2024-03-11 18:00
VLAI
Summary
HTTP Request Smuggling in Apache Tomcat
Details

Apache Tomcat 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.6, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.46 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.66 did not correctly parse the HTTP transfer-encoding request header in some circumstances leading to the possibility to request smuggling when used with a reverse proxy. Specifically: - Tomcat incorrectly ignored the transfer encoding header if the client declared it would only accept an HTTP/1.0 response; - Tomcat honoured the identify encoding; and - Tomcat did not ensure that, if present, the chunked encoding was the final encoding.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-M1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0-M1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.48"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.5.68"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33037"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-13T19:38:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-12T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Apache Tomcat 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.6, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.46 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.66 did not correctly parse the HTTP transfer-encoding request header in some circumstances leading to the possibility to request smuggling when used with a reverse proxy. Specifically: - Tomcat incorrectly ignored the transfer encoding header if the client declared it would only accept an HTTP/1.0 response; - Tomcat honoured the identify encoding; and - Tomcat did not ensure that, if present, the chunked encoding was the final encoding.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vww-mc66-62m6",
  "modified": "2024-03-11T18:00:29Z",
  "published": "2021-08-13T15:21:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33037"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/05f9e8b00f5d9251fcd3c95dcfd6cf84177f46c8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/19d11556d0db99df291df33605f137976d152475"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/3202703e6d635e39b74262e81f0cb4bcbe2170dc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/45d70a86a901cbd534f8f570bed2aec9f7f7b88e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/506134f957a4be2c5b4a9334f7b3435fc954dbc1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/8874fa02e9b36baa9ca6b226c0882c0190ca5a02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/a2c3dc4c96168743ac0bab613709a5bbdaec41d0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/da0e7cb093cf68b052d9175e469dbd0464441b0b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/eee0d024c1b3171560c92eaba79dd6eb8eb11bcd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-34"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210827-0007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-8.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4952"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/08/msg00009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/kovg1bft77xo34ksrcskh5nl50p69962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf1b54fd3f52f998ca4829159a88cc4c23d6cef5c6447d00948e75c97@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re01e7e93154e8bdf78a11a23f9686427bd3d51fc6e12c508645567b7@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd0dfea39829bc0606c936a16f6fca338127c86c0a1083970b45ac8d2@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc6ef52453bb996a98cb45442871a1db56b7c349939e45d829bf9ae37@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r612a79269b0d5e5780c62dfd34286a8037232fec0bc6f1a7e60c9381%40%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r40f921575aee8d7d34e53182f862c45cbb8f3d898c9d4e865c2ec262@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r290aee55b72811fd19e75ac80f6143716c079170c5671b96932ed44b@%3Ccommits.tomee.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10366"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "HTTP Request Smuggling in Apache Tomcat"
}

GHSA-4X8V-5Q76-PPWC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-03 00:00
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in VeridiumID VeridiumAD 2.5.3.0. The HTTP request to trigger push notifications for VeridiumAD enrolled users does not enforce proper access control. A user can trigger push notifications for any other user. The text contained in the push notification can also be modified. If a user who receives the notification accepts it, then the user who triggered the notification can obtain the accepting user's login certificate.

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-42791"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-28T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in VeridiumID VeridiumAD 2.5.3.0. The HTTP request to trigger push notifications for VeridiumAD enrolled users does not enforce proper access control. A user can trigger push notifications for any other user. The text contained in the push notification can also be modified. If a user who receives the notification accepts it, then the user who triggered the notification can obtain the accepting user\u0027s login certificate.",
  "id": "GHSA-4x8v-5q76-ppwc",
  "modified": "2022-02-03T00:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-01-29T00:00:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42791"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.compass-security.com/en/research/advisories"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.compass-security.com/fileadmin/Research/Advisories/2022_03_CSNC-2021-017_VeridiumId_Broken_Access_Control.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.veridiumid.com/press/veridium-eliminates-passwords-with-veridiumad-for-enterprises-using-microsoft-active-directory"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-547R-PC3F-H39W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01
VLAI
Details

An exploitable vulnerability exists the safe browsing function of the CUJO Smart Firewall, version 7003. The bug lies in the way the safe browsing function parses HTTP requests. The "Host" header is incorrectly extracted from captured HTTP requests, which would allow an attacker to visit any malicious websites and bypass the firewall. An attacker could send an HTTP request to exploit this vulnerability.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-4030"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-03-21T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable vulnerability exists the safe browsing function of the CUJO Smart Firewall, version 7003. The bug lies in the way the safe browsing function parses HTTP requests. The \"Host\" header is incorrectly extracted from captured HTTP requests, which would allow an attacker to visit any malicious websites and bypass the firewall. An attacker could send an HTTP request to exploit this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-547r-pc3f-h39w",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:01:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4030"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0702"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].

Mitigation
Implementation

Use only SSL communication.

Mitigation
Implementation

Terminate the client session after each request.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

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