CWE-404
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Resource Shutdown or Release
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
1219 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-H4J3-2F28-F5Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-01 12:31 – Updated: 2025-12-22 18:30Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in ASR Falcon_Linux、Kestrel、Lapwing_Linux on Linux (con_mgr
components) allows Resource Leak Exposure. This vulnerability is associated with program files con_mgr/dialer_task.C.
This issue affects Falcon_Linux、Kestrel、Lapwing_Linux: before v1536.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-01T10:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in ASR Falcon_Linux\u3001Kestrel\u3001Lapwing_Linux on Linux (con_mgr \n\ncomponents) allows Resource Leak Exposure. This vulnerability is associated with program files con_mgr/dialer_task.C.\n\nThis issue affects Falcon_Linux\u3001Kestrel\u3001Lapwing_Linux: before v1536.",
"id": "GHSA-h4j3-2f28-f5q5",
"modified": "2025-12-22T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-07-01T12:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asrmicro.com/en/goods/psirt?cid=40"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H656-5VCF-CM23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 19:08 – Updated: 2026-03-03 19:08Impact
In Telegram DM mode, inbound media was downloaded and written to disk before sender authorization checks completed. An unauthorized sender could trigger inbound media download/write activity (including media groups) even when DM access should be denied.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Latest published version currently affected:
2026.2.23 - Vulnerable range:
<= 2026.2.23 - Patched in planned next release:
2026.2.24
Fix Commit(s)
9514201fb9b51de5d0b23151110d0ff5d9c8bd67
Technical Details
The Telegram handler flow now enforces DM authorization before media download/write paths execute, including media-group handling. Inbound channel activity tracking was also moved to run after DM authorization in the Telegram message context path.
Release Process Note
patched_versions is pre-set to the planned next release (2026.2.24). After npm publish, the advisory can be published without further version-field edits.
OpenClaw thanks @v8hid for reporting.
Publication Update (2026-02-25)
openclaw@2026.2.24 is published on npm and contains the fix commit(s) listed above. This advisory now marks >= 2026.2.24 as patched.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.23"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.24"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-208",
"CWE-404",
"CWE-406",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T19:08:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nIn Telegram DM mode, inbound media was downloaded and written to disk before sender authorization checks completed. An unauthorized sender could trigger inbound media download/write activity (including media groups) even when DM access should be denied.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published version currently affected: `2026.2.23`\n- Vulnerable range: `\u003c= 2026.2.23`\n- Patched in planned next release: `2026.2.24`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `9514201fb9b51de5d0b23151110d0ff5d9c8bd67`\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe Telegram handler flow now enforces DM authorization before media download/write paths execute, including media-group handling. Inbound channel activity tracking was also moved to run after DM authorization in the Telegram message context path.\n\n## Release Process Note\n\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the planned next release (`2026.2.24`). After npm publish, the advisory can be published without further version-field edits.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @v8hid for reporting.\n\n\n### Publication Update (2026-02-25)\n`openclaw@2026.2.24` is published on npm and contains the fix commit(s) listed above. This advisory now marks `\u003e= 2026.2.24` as patched.",
"id": "GHSA-h656-5vcf-cm23",
"modified": "2026-03-03T19:08:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T19:08:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h656-5vcf-cm23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/9514201fb9b51de5d0b23151110d0ff5d9c8bd67"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Unauthorized Telegram Senders Trigger Media Download and Disk Write Before Access Check"
}
GHSA-H6VJ-VG8J-JFQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-18 15:30 – Updated: 2023-05-18 15:30A vulnerability was found in GNU cflow 1.7. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function func_body/parse_variable_declaration of the file parser.c. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-229373 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2789"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-18T13:15:09Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in GNU cflow 1.7. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function func_body/parse_variable_declaration of the file parser.c. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-229373 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-h6vj-vg8j-jfqp",
"modified": "2023-05-18T15:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-05-18T15:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2789"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DaisyPo/fuzzing-vulncollect/blob/main/cflow/stack-overflow/parser.c/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DaisyPo/fuzzing-vulncollect/files/11343936/poc-file.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.229373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.229373"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H6W2-FJJC-G485
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-13 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-17 15:30A vulnerability was found in TG Soft Vir.IT eXplorer 9.4.86.0. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing in the library VIRAGTLT.sys of the component IoControlCode Handler. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 9.5 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-222875.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1369"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-13T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in TG Soft Vir.IT eXplorer 9.4.86.0. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing in the library VIRAGTLT.sys of the component IoControlCode Handler. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 9.5 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-222875.",
"id": "GHSA-h6w2-fjjc-g485",
"modified": "2023-03-17T15:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-03-13T09:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xqJUMsAWnXx4JmlbT0D0yMBJiMy484QS/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zeze-zeze/WindowsKernelVuln/tree/master/CVE-2023-1369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zeze-zeze/WindowsKernelVuln/tree/master/unassigned3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.222875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.222875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tgsoft.it/scripts/getfile.asp?lang=ITA"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H73V-7W7M-QJ4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-16 18:31 – Updated: 2024-12-16 18:31A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in FabulaTech USB over Network 6.0.6.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function 0x220408 in the library ftusbbus2.sys of the component IOCT Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12654"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404",
"CWE-476"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-16T16:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in FabulaTech USB over Network 6.0.6.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function 0x220408 in the library ftusbbus2.sys of the component IOCT Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-h73v-7w7m-qj4r",
"modified": "2024-12-16T18:31:09Z",
"published": "2024-12-16T18:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://shareforall.notion.site/FabulaTech-USB-over-Network-Client-ftusbbus2-0x220408-NPD-DOS-15160437bb1e803e9b3df784e61c6dcd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.288523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.288523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.456028"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-H7MH-FFWW-7V4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-18 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-20 19:00A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in Linux Kernel. Affected is the function read_50_controller_cap_complete of the file tools/mgmt-tester.c of the component BlueZ. The manipulation of the argument cap_len leads to null pointer dereference. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-211086 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404",
"CWE-476"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in Linux Kernel. Affected is the function read_50_controller_cap_complete of the file tools/mgmt-tester.c of the component BlueZ. The manipulation of the argument cap_len leads to null pointer dereference. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-211086 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-h7mh-ffww-7v4w",
"modified": "2022-10-20T19:00:36Z",
"published": "2022-10-18T12:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git/commit/?id=e3c92f1f786f0b55440bd908b55894d0c792cf0e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.211086"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H83R-Q973-P4XC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-30 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-30 21:30A vulnerability was found in TRENDnet TEW-411BRP+ 2.07. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function sub_401DB0 of the file /usr/sbin/httpd of the component HTTP Request Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. The attack can only be initiated within the local network. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-30T19:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in TRENDnet TEW-411BRP+ 2.07. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function sub_401DB0 of the file /usr/sbin/httpd of the component HTTP Request Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. The attack can only be initiated within the local network. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-h83r-q973-p4xc",
"modified": "2025-03-30T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-03-30T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NnvweBsYJQ0MGwBvpi5aAe69g8g5PaNL/edit#heading=h.gjdgxs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Hq3-cTke0SeJguNpop-jpzMtoCHkg9Cb/view?usp=drive_link"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.302010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.302010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.521719"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HC69-R6RR-HMXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-30 15:31 – Updated: 2026-02-23 12:31A flaw has been found in Free5GC SMF up to 4.1.0. Affected is the function HandlePfcpAssociationReleaseRequest of the file internal/pfcp/handler/handler.go of the component PFCP UDP Endpoint. Executing a manipulation can lead to null pointer dereference. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. A patch should be applied to remediate this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1682"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-30T14:16:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Free5GC SMF up to 4.1.0. Affected is the function HandlePfcpAssociationReleaseRequest of the file internal/pfcp/handler/handler.go of the component PFCP UDP Endpoint. Executing a manipulation can lead to null pointer dereference. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. A patch should be applied to remediate this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-hc69-r6rr-hmxf",
"modified": "2026-02-23T12:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-01-30T15:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/794#issue-3811888505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/794#issuecomment-3761063382"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/free5gc/smf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.343475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.343475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.739508"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HCMH-526C-3GGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-12 21:32 – Updated: 2024-09-18 21:30An issue was discovered in WibuKey64.sys in WIBU-SYSTEMS WibuKey before v6.70 and fixed in v.6.70 An improper bounds check allows specially crafted packets to cause an arbitrary address read, resulting in Denial of Service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45182"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-12T19:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in WibuKey64.sys in WIBU-SYSTEMS WibuKey before v6.70 and fixed in v.6.70 An improper bounds check allows specially crafted packets to cause an arbitrary address read, resulting in Denial of Service.",
"id": "GHSA-hcmh-526c-3ggp",
"modified": "2024-09-18T21:30:48Z",
"published": "2024-09-12T21:32:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.wibu.com/fileadmin/wibu_downloads/security_advisories/AdvisoryWIBU-94453.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wibu.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HF2C-WP2P-XQR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-12 06:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:31A vulnerability was found in Artifex GhostPDL up to 3989415a5b8e99b9d1b87cc9902bde9b7cdea145. It has been classified as problematic. This affects the function pdf_ferror of the file devices/vector/gdevpdf.c of the component New Output File Open Error Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The identifier of the patch is 619a106ba4c4abed95110f84d5efcd7aee38c7cb. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7462"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-12T06:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Artifex GhostPDL up to 3989415a5b8e99b9d1b87cc9902bde9b7cdea145. It has been classified as problematic. This affects the function pdf_ferror of the file devices/vector/gdevpdf.c of the component New Output File Open Error Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The identifier of the patch is 619a106ba4c4abed95110f84d5efcd7aee38c7cb. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-hf2c-wp2p-xqr9",
"modified": "2025-11-03T18:31:25Z",
"published": "2025-07-12T06:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://artifex.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cgit.ghostscript.com/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/ghostpdl.git/commit/?id=619a106ba4c4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.316113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.316113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.610173"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, languages such as Java, Ruby, and Lisp perform automatic garbage collection that releases memory for objects that have been deallocated.
Mitigation
It is good practice to be responsible for freeing all resources you allocate and to be consistent with how and where you free memory in a function. If you allocate memory that you intend to free upon completion of the function, you must be sure to free the memory at all exit points for that function including error conditions.
Mitigation
Memory should be allocated/freed using matching functions such as malloc/free, new/delete, and new[]/delete[].
Mitigation
When releasing a complex object or structure, ensure that you properly dispose of all of its member components, not just the object itself.
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-131: Resource Leak Exposure
An adversary utilizes a resource leak on the target to deplete the quantity of the resource available to service legitimate requests.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-666: BlueSmacking
An adversary uses Bluetooth flooding to transfer large packets to Bluetooth enabled devices over the L2CAP protocol with the goal of creating a DoS. This attack must be carried out within close proximity to a Bluetooth enabled device.