CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3465 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QR79-94P4-H8HM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-29 00:00 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:38Honeywell Experion PKS Safety Manager through 2022-05-06 has Missing Authentication for a Critical Function. According to FSCT-2022-0051, there is a Honeywell Experion PKS Safety Manager multiple proprietary protocols with unauthenticated functionality issue. The affected components are characterized as: Honeywell Experion TCP (51000/TCP), Safety Builder (51010/TCP). The potential impact is: Manipulate controller state, Manipulate controller configuration, Manipulate controller logic, Manipulate controller files, Manipulate IO. The Honeywell Experion PKS Distributed Control System (DCS) Safety Manager utilizes several proprietary protocols for a wide variety of functionality, including process data acquisition, controller steering and configuration management. These protocols include: Experion TCP (51000/TCP) and Safety Builder (51010/TCP). None of these protocols have any authentication features, allowing any attacker capable of communicating with the ports in question to invoke (a subset of) desired functionality. There is no authentication functionality on the protocols in question. An attacker capable of invoking the protocols' functionalities could achieve a wide range of adverse impacts, including (but not limited to), the following: for Experion TCP (51000/TCP): Issue IO manipulation commands, Issue file read/write commands; and for Safety Builder (51010/TCP): Issue controller start/stop commands, Issue logic download/upload commands, Issue file read commands, Issue system time change commands. A mitigating factor with regards to some, but not all, of the above functionality is that these require the Safety Manager physical keyswitch to be in the right position.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30313"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-28T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Honeywell Experion PKS Safety Manager through 2022-05-06 has Missing Authentication for a Critical Function. According to FSCT-2022-0051, there is a Honeywell Experion PKS Safety Manager multiple proprietary protocols with unauthenticated functionality issue. The affected components are characterized as: Honeywell Experion TCP (51000/TCP), Safety Builder (51010/TCP). The potential impact is: Manipulate controller state, Manipulate controller configuration, Manipulate controller logic, Manipulate controller files, Manipulate IO. The Honeywell Experion PKS Distributed Control System (DCS) Safety Manager utilizes several proprietary protocols for a wide variety of functionality, including process data acquisition, controller steering and configuration management. These protocols include: Experion TCP (51000/TCP) and Safety Builder (51010/TCP). None of these protocols have any authentication features, allowing any attacker capable of communicating with the ports in question to invoke (a subset of) desired functionality. There is no authentication functionality on the protocols in question. An attacker capable of invoking the protocols\u0027 functionalities could achieve a wide range of adverse impacts, including (but not limited to), the following: for Experion TCP (51000/TCP): Issue IO manipulation commands, Issue file read/write commands; and for Safety Builder (51010/TCP): Issue controller start/stop commands, Issue logic download/upload commands, Issue file read commands, Issue system time change commands. A mitigating factor with regards to some, but not all, of the above functionality is that these require the Safety Manager physical keyswitch to be in the right position.",
"id": "GHSA-qr79-94p4-h8hm",
"modified": "2024-02-13T18:38:22Z",
"published": "2022-07-29T00:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30313"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-207-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.forescout.com/blog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRGR-QFR9-4XFH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2026-04-14 09:30The 802.11 standard that underpins Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA, WPA2, and WPA3) and Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) doesn't require that the A-MSDU flag in the plaintext QoS header field is authenticated. Against devices that support receiving non-SSP A-MSDU frames (which is mandatory as part of 802.11n), an adversary can abuse this to inject arbitrary network packets.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24588"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-11T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The 802.11 standard that underpins Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA, WPA2, and WPA3) and Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) doesn\u0027t require that the A-MSDU flag in the plaintext QoS header field is authenticated. Against devices that support receiving non-SSP A-MSDU frames (which is mandatory as part of 802.11n), an adversary can abuse this to inject arbitrary network packets.",
"id": "GHSA-qrgr-qfr9-4xfh",
"modified": "2026-04-14T09:30:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:01:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019200.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-913875.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-913875.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vanhoefm/fragattacks/blob/master/SUMMARY.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00019.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/04/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-wifi-faf-22epcEWu"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-notices/security-advisories/12602-security-advisory-63"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fragattacks.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00473.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/05/11/12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRHR-2VCP-5JRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-26 00:01A CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability exists that could allow modifications of the touch configurations in an unauthorized manner when an attacker attempts to modify the touch configurations. Affected Product: spaceLYnk (V2.6.2 and prior), Wiser for KNX (formerly homeLYnk) (V2.6.2 and prior), fellerLYnk (V2.6.2 and prior)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22809"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability exists that could allow modifications of the touch configurations in an unauthorized manner when an attacker attempts to modify the touch configurations. Affected Product: spaceLYnk (V2.6.2 and prior), Wiser for KNX (formerly homeLYnk) (V2.6.2 and prior), fellerLYnk (V2.6.2 and prior)",
"id": "GHSA-qrhr-2vcp-5jrh",
"modified": "2022-05-26T00:01:09Z",
"published": "2022-02-11T00:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22809"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2022-039-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-expressway-filewrite-bsFVwueV"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRJ9-JG63-P8HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03A privilege escalation flaw was found in the Xorg-x11-server due to a lack of authentication for X11 clients. This flaw allows an attacker to take control of an X application by impersonating the server it is expecting to connect to.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25697"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-26T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A privilege escalation flaw was found in the Xorg-x11-server due to a lack of authentication for X11 clients. This flaw allows an attacker to take control of an X application by impersonating the server it is expecting to connect to.",
"id": "GHSA-qrj9-jg63-p8hg",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25697"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1895295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1895295,"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf9fa47ab66495c78bb4120b0754dd9531ca2ff0430f6685ac9b07772%40%3Cdev.mina.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf9fa47ab66495c78bb4120b0754dd9531ca2ff0430f6685ac9b07772@%3Cdev.mina.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2020/q4/105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/09/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/09/3,"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRJ9-R3JX-P4GC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-12 00:31Comtrend AR-5310 GE31-412SSG-C01_R10.A2pG039u.d24k contains a restricted shell escape vulnerability that allows local users to bypass command restrictions by using the command substitution operator $( ). Attackers can inject arbitrary commands through the $( ) syntax when passed as arguments to allowed commands like ping to execute unrestricted shell access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T19:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Comtrend AR-5310 GE31-412SSG-C01_R10.A2pG039u.d24k contains a restricted shell escape vulnerability that allows local users to bypass command restrictions by using the command substitution operator $( ). Attackers can inject arbitrary commands through the $( ) syntax when passed as arguments to allowed commands like ping to execute unrestricted shell access.",
"id": "GHSA-qrj9-r3jx-p4gc",
"modified": "2026-03-12T00:31:16Z",
"published": "2026-03-11T21:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/comtrend-ar-5310-ge31-412ssg-c01-r10-a2pg039u-d24k-restricted-shell-escape"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/comtrend-ar-ge-ssg-c-rapgudk-restricted-shell-escape"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRM9-MM7M-8XGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:54Unauthenticated arbitrary file read in the IDAttend’s IDWeb application 3.1.013 allows the retrieval of any file present on the web server by unauthenticated attackers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated arbitrary file read in the IDAttend\u2019s IDWeb application 3.1.013 allows the retrieval of any file present on the web server by unauthenticated attackers. ",
"id": "GHSA-qrm9-mm7m-8xgw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:54:10Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.themissinglink.com.au/security-advisories/cve-2023-26580"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRPW-3VX7-G7G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-28 15:31 – Updated: 2025-07-28 15:31Insufficient input validation within GitLab Language Server 7.6.0 and later before 7.30.0 allows arbitrary GraphQL query execution
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8279"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-28T14:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insufficient input validation within GitLab Language Server 7.6.0 and later before 7.30.0 allows arbitrary GraphQL query execution",
"id": "GHSA-qrpw-3vx7-g7g2",
"modified": "2025-07-28T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2025-07-28T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/538205"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRQM-FHG8-7274
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-27 00:00Missing authentication for critical function vulnerability in UNIMO Technology digital video recorders (UDR-JA1004/JA1008/JA1016 firmware versions v1.0.20.13 and earlier, and UDR-JA1016 firmware versions v2.0.20.13 and earlier) allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary OS command by sending a specially crafted request to the affected device web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35733"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-23T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Missing authentication for critical function vulnerability in UNIMO Technology digital video recorders (UDR-JA1004/JA1008/JA1016 firmware versions v1.0.20.13 and earlier, and UDR-JA1016 firmware versions v2.0.20.13 and earlier) allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary OS command by sending a specially crafted request to the affected device web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-qrqm-fhg8-7274",
"modified": "2022-08-27T00:00:53Z",
"published": "2022-08-24T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU90821877/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.unimo.co.jp/table_notice/index.php?act=1\u0026resid=1643590226-637355"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRX8-25QR-5R7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 23:32 – Updated: 2026-06-16 23:32Impact
When @n8n/mcp-browser is run in HTTP transport mode, the MCP endpoint accepts session initialization and tool invocation requests without any authentication. Any network-reachable client, or any website visited by the user, can establish an MCP session and invoke browser-control tools.
Where the n8n AI Browser Bridge extension is installed and a browser connection is active, an unauthenticated caller can access browser-control capabilities including navigation, JavaScript evaluation, and cookie and storage access against the user's real browser profile.
This issue only affects instances where @n8n/mcp-browser is run with the HTTP transport (--transport http). The default transport is stdio, which is not affected.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.25.7, and 2.26.2. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Avoid running @n8n/mcp-browser with the HTTP transport; use the default stdio transport instead.
- If HTTP transport is required, restrict network access to the listening port to trusted clients only using host-based firewall rules.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.26.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.26.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.25.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-54309"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-16T23:32:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Impact\nWhen `@n8n/mcp-browser` is run in HTTP transport mode, the MCP endpoint accepts session initialization and tool invocation requests without any authentication. Any network-reachable client, or any website visited by the user, can establish an MCP session and invoke browser-control tools.\n\nWhere the n8n AI Browser Bridge extension is installed and a browser connection is active, an unauthenticated caller can access browser-control capabilities including navigation, JavaScript evaluation, and cookie and storage access against the user\u0027s real browser profile.\n\nThis issue only affects instances where `@n8n/mcp-browser` is run with the HTTP transport (`--transport http`). The default transport is stdio, which is not affected.\n\n## Patches\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.25.7, and 2.26.2. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n- Avoid running `@n8n/mcp-browser` with the HTTP transport; use the default stdio transport instead.\n- If HTTP transport is required, restrict network access to the listening port to trusted clients only using host-based firewall rules.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.",
"id": "GHSA-qrx8-25qr-5r7v",
"modified": "2026-06-16T23:32:31Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T23:32:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-qrx8-25qr-5r7v"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "n8n: MCP Browser HTTP Transport Exposes Unauthenticated Browser-Control Sessions"
}
GHSA-QV43-9JP8-2MV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-16 18:30OPEXUS FOIAXpress allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to reset the administrator password. Fixed in FOIAXpress version 11.13.2.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T18:15:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "OPEXUS FOIAXpress allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to reset the administrator password. Fixed in FOIAXpress version 11.13.2.0.",
"id": "GHSA-qv43-9jp8-2mv7",
"modified": "2025-10-16T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-10-16T18:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.opexustech.com/docs/foiaxpress/11.13.0/FOIAXpress_Release_Notes_11.13.2.0.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-289-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62586"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.