Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-306

Allowed

Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

3634 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FFQQ-W4P9-PXVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-08 06:30 – Updated: 2023-12-08 06:30
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerEdge BIOS contains an improper privilege management security vulnerability. An unauthenticated local attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to privilege escalation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-32460"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-08T06:15:45Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\nDell PowerEdge BIOS contains an improper privilege management security vulnerability. An unauthenticated local attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to privilege escalation.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-ffqq-w4p9-pxvq",
  "modified": "2023-12-08T06:30:38Z",
  "published": "2023-12-08T06:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000219550/dsa-2023-361-security-update-for-dell-poweredge-server-bios-for-an-improper-privilege-management-security-vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FG87-2627-3RXJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco IoT Field Network Director (FND) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access the back-end database of an affected system. The vulnerability exists because the affected software does not properly authenticate REST API calls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by obtaining a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) token and then using the token with REST API requests. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access the back-end database of the affected device and read, alter, or drop information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-3531"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-18T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco IoT Field Network Director (FND) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access the back-end database of an affected system. The vulnerability exists because the affected software does not properly authenticate REST API calls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by obtaining a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) token and then using the token with REST API requests. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access the back-end database of the affected device and read, alter, or drop information.",
  "id": "GHSA-fg87-2627-3rxj",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:34:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3531"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-FND-BCK-GHkPNZ5F"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FGCR-F77F-8Q95

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-60219"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:23Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core).  Supported versions that are affected are 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and  15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TCP to compromise Oracle Coherence.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Coherence. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-fgcr-f77f-8q95",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T00:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60219"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FGQC-P7G9-X92W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32
VLAI
Details

In version 0.4.1 of danswer-ai/danswer, a vulnerability exists where a basic user can create credentials and link them to an existing connector. This issue arises because the system allows an unauthenticated attacker to sign up with a basic account and perform actions that should be restricted to admin users. This can lead to excessive resource consumption, potentially resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) and other significant issues, impacting the system's stability and security.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In version 0.4.1 of danswer-ai/danswer, a vulnerability exists where a basic user can create credentials and link them to an existing connector. This issue arises because the system allows an unauthenticated attacker to sign up with a basic account and perform actions that should be restricted to admin users. This can lead to excessive resource consumption, potentially resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) and other significant issues, impacting the system\u0027s stability and security.",
  "id": "GHSA-fgqc-p7g9-x92w",
  "modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:47Z",
  "published": "2025-03-20T12:32:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/b5991b98-a721-4acd-8ef2-980e15682913"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FGV6-PRJ5-5CX3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30
VLAI
Details

Telesquare SKT LTE Router SDT-CS3B1 software version 1.2.0 contains an unauthenticated remote reboot vulnerability that allows attackers to trigger device reboot without authentication. Attackers can send POST requests to the lte.cgi endpoint with the Command=Reboot parameter to cause denial of service by forcing the router to restart.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-20222"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:17:52Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Telesquare SKT LTE Router SDT-CS3B1 software version 1.2.0 contains an unauthenticated remote reboot vulnerability that allows attackers to trigger device reboot without authentication. Attackers can send POST requests to the lte.cgi endpoint with the Command=Reboot parameter to cause denial of service by forcing the router to restart.",
  "id": "GHSA-fgv6-prj5-5cx3",
  "modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:41Z",
  "published": "2026-03-16T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20222"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2017120300"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/136825"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/145555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43401"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/telesquare-skt-lte-router-sdt-cs3b1-unauthenticated-remote-reboot"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2017-5444.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FGXF-657W-GGQJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-25 12:30 – Updated: 2024-09-25 12:30
VLAI
Details

Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in the protocol communication between the WatchGuard Authentication Gateway (aka Single Sign-On Agent) on Windows and the WatchGuard Single Sign-On Client on Windows and MacOS allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects the Authentication Gateway: through 12.10.2; Windows Single Sign-On Client: through 12.7; MacOS Single Sign-On Client: through 12.5.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-6592"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-25T12:15:05Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in the protocol communication between the WatchGuard Authentication Gateway (aka Single Sign-On Agent) on Windows and the WatchGuard Single Sign-On Client on Windows and MacOS allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects the Authentication Gateway: through 12.10.2; Windows Single Sign-On Client: through 12.7; MacOS Single Sign-On Client: through 12.5.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-fgxf-657w-ggqj",
  "modified": "2024-09-25T12:30:40Z",
  "published": "2024-09-25T12:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6592"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2024-00014"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FH37-CX83-Q542

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-18 18:30 – Updated: 2024-09-12 20:10
VLAI
Summary
Improper Authentication in Apache Airflow
Details

The lineage endpoint of the deprecated Experimental API was not protected by authentication in Airflow 2.0.0. This allowed unauthenticated users to hit that endpoint. This is low-severity issue as the attacker needs to be aware of certain parameters to pass to that endpoint and even after can just get some metadata about a DAG and a Task. This issue only affects Apache Airflow 2.0.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "apache-airflow"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.1rc1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.0.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-26697"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-07T21:48:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-17T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The lineage endpoint of the deprecated Experimental API was not protected by authentication in Airflow 2.0.0. This allowed unauthenticated users to hit that endpoint. This is low-severity issue as the attacker needs to be aware of certain parameters to pass to that endpoint and even after can just get some metadata about a DAG and a Task. This issue only affects Apache Airflow 2.0.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-fh37-cx83-q542",
  "modified": "2024-09-12T20:10:22Z",
  "published": "2021-06-18T18:30:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26697"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/21cedff205e7d62675949fda2aa4616d77232b76"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/24a54242d56058846c7978130b3f37ca045d5142"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/93957e917ff4cfb0be11aef088bd9527cf728a04"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fh37-cx83-q542"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/apache-airflow/PYSEC-2021-3.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r36111262a59219a3e2704c71e97cf84937dae5ba7a1da99499e5d8f9@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re21fec81baea7a6d73b0b5d31efd07cc02c61f832e297f65bb19b519%40%3Cusers.airflow.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re21fec81baea7a6d73b0b5d31efd07cc02c61f832e297f65bb19b519@%3Cdev.airflow.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re21fec81baea7a6d73b0b5d31efd07cc02c61f832e297f65bb19b519@%3Cusers.airflow.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/17/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Authentication in Apache Airflow"
}

GHSA-FH3V-99XX-V7CW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-08 09:30 – Updated: 2025-01-08 15:31
VLAI
Details

The MinigameCenter module has insufficient restrictions on loading URLs, which may lead to some information leakage.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13186"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-08T09:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The MinigameCenter  module has insufficient restrictions on loading URLs, which may lead to some information leakage.",
  "id": "GHSA-fh3v-99xx-v7cw",
  "modified": "2025-01-08T15:31:11Z",
  "published": "2025-01-08T09:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13186"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vivo.com/en/support/security-advisory-detail?id=16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FH83-4F5X-869C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-19 00:01
VLAI
Details

A CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability exists that could cause deletion of arbitrary files in the context of the user running IGSS due to lack of validation of network messages. Affected Product: Interactive Graphical SCADA System Data Collector (dc.exe) (V15.0.0.21320 and prior)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-22823"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-11T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability exists that could cause deletion of arbitrary files in the context of the user running IGSS due to lack of validation of network messages. Affected Product: Interactive Graphical SCADA System Data Collector (dc.exe) (V15.0.0.21320 and prior)",
  "id": "GHSA-fh83-4f5x-869c",
  "modified": "2022-02-19T00:01:50Z",
  "published": "2022-02-12T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2021-348-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FHFQ-8MF9-QXMX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-25 21:33 – Updated: 2025-07-25 21:33
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered on IROAD Dashcam FX2 devices. Dumping Files Over HTTP and RTSP Without Authentication can occur. It lacks authentication controls on its HTTP and RTSP interfaces, allowing attackers to retrieve sensitive files and video recordings. By connecting to http://192.168.10.1/mnt/extsd/event/, an attacker can download all stored video recordings in an unencrypted manner. Additionally, the RTSP stream on port 8554 is accessible without authentication, allowing an attacker to view live footage.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30135"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-25T20:15:24Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on IROAD Dashcam FX2 devices. Dumping Files Over HTTP and RTSP Without Authentication can occur. It lacks authentication controls on its HTTP and RTSP interfaces, allowing attackers to retrieve sensitive files and video recordings. By connecting to http://192.168.10.1/mnt/extsd/event/, an attacker can download all stored video recordings in an unencrypted manner. Additionally, the RTSP stream on port 8554 is accessible without authentication, allowing an attacker to view live footage.",
  "id": "GHSA-fhfq-8mf9-qxmx",
  "modified": "2025-07-25T21:33:51Z",
  "published": "2025-07-25T21:33:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30135"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/IROAD?tab=readme-ov-file#finding-13---cve-2025-30135-locking-owner-out-of-device-dos"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/IROAD?tab=readme-ov-file#finding-8-dumping-files-over-http-and-rtsp-without-authentication"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.iroadau.com.au/downloads"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
  • Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
  • In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
  • In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].

CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier

This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.

CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values

An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.

CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation

An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.