CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3467 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2RGP-F66F-4499
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-13 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:55Summary
The Goobi viewer REST endpoint POST /api/v1/index/stream accepted an arbitrary Solr streaming
expression from unauthenticated network clients and forwarded it to the backend Solr server without restriction.
An attacker could read the complete Solr index and, in default Solr deployments, also modify or delete indexed records.
The API endpoint has now been removed.
Impact
-
Complete Solr index read without authentication. All documents indexed by the viewer including those protected by access conditions such as moving walls, licence requirements or IP restrictions - can be read in full.
-
Index data modification.
update()streaming expressions overwrite indexed field values. An attacker can alter metadata, changeACCESSCONDITIONvalues, or corrupt document structure. -
Index data deletion.
delete()streaming expressions permanently remove documents. A single expression can delete the entire collection, requiring a full re-index to recover.
Patches
The endpoint was removed in 326980f24c
Workarounds
Until an update can be deployed, the endpoint should be blocked by a reverse proxy or in the tomcat configuration.
For Apache httpd the following block can be used in the vhost configuration:
<LocationMatch ^.*api/v[12]/index/stream.*$>
Require all denied
</LocationMatch>
Alternatively the following security constraint can be added in tomcat via the relevant web.xml:
<security-constraint>
<web-resource-collection>
<web-resource-name>blocked endpoint</web-resource-name>
<url-pattern>/api/v1/index/stream</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/api/v1/index/stream/*</url-pattern>
</web-resource-collection>
<auth-constraint/>
</security-constraint>
References
- Fix commit: 326980f24c
- Introducing commit: 6bfb1cbd42
- Solr Streaming Expressions reference
Contact
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Email us at support@intranda.com
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.goobi.viewer:viewer-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.8.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "26.04"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-13T15:33:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T22:16:36Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe Goobi viewer REST endpoint `POST /api/v1/index/stream` accepted an arbitrary Solr streaming\nexpression from unauthenticated network clients and forwarded it to the backend Solr server without restriction.\nAn attacker could read the complete Solr index and, in default Solr deployments, also modify or delete indexed records.\n\nThe API endpoint has now been removed.\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Complete Solr index read without authentication.**\n All documents indexed by the viewer including those protected by access conditions such as moving walls, licence requirements or IP restrictions - can be read in full.\n\n- **Index data modification.**\n `update()` streaming expressions overwrite indexed field values. An attacker can alter metadata, change `ACCESSCONDITION` values, or corrupt document structure.\n\n- **Index data deletion.**\n `delete()` streaming expressions permanently remove documents. A single expression can delete the entire collection, requiring a full re-index to recover.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe endpoint was removed in 326980f24c\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUntil an update can be deployed, the endpoint should be blocked by a reverse proxy or in the tomcat configuration.\n\nFor Apache httpd the following block can be used in the vhost configuration:\n\n```\n\u003cLocationMatch ^.*api/v[12]/index/stream.*$\u003e\n Require all denied\n\u003c/LocationMatch\u003e\n```\n\nAlternatively the following security constraint can be added in tomcat via the relevant web.xml:\n```\n\u003csecurity-constraint\u003e\n \u003cweb-resource-collection\u003e\n \u003cweb-resource-name\u003eblocked endpoint\u003c/web-resource-name\u003e\n \u003curl-pattern\u003e/api/v1/index/stream\u003c/url-pattern\u003e\n \u003curl-pattern\u003e/api/v1/index/stream/*\u003c/url-pattern\u003e\n \u003c/web-resource-collection\u003e\n \u003cauth-constraint/\u003e\n\u003c/security-constraint\u003e\n```\n\n### References\n\n- Fix commit: 326980f24c\n- Introducing commit: 6bfb1cbd42\n- [Solr Streaming Expressions reference](https://solr.apache.org/guide/solr/latest/query-guide/streaming-expressions.html)\n\n\n### Contact\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Email us at [support@intranda.com](mailto:support@intranda.com)",
"id": "GHSA-2rgp-f66f-4499",
"modified": "2026-06-08T23:55:04Z",
"published": "2026-05-13T15:33:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/intranda/goobi-viewer-core/security/advisories/GHSA-2rgp-f66f-4499"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/intranda/goobi-viewer-core/commit/326980f24ce1e7cfabf658dd5f615934ca68ebbd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/intranda/goobi-viewer-core/commit/6bfb1cbd4250b0b347e84a80f38e8bf46acac705"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/intranda/goobi-viewer-core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/intranda/goobi-viewer-core/releases/tag/v26.04.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Goobi viewer - Core: Unauthenticated Solr Streaming Expression Proxy"
}
GHSA-2RJ5-GH6Q-72FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-31 00:30 – Updated: 2025-10-31 15:30A malicious actor with access to the management network could exploit a misconfiguration in UniFi’s door access application, UniFi Access, that exposed a management API without proper authentication. This vulnerability was introduced in Version 3.3.22 and was fixed in Version 4.0.21 and later.
Affected Products: UniFi Access Application (Version 3.3.22 through 3.4.31).
Mitigation: Update your UniFi Access Application to Version 4.0.21 or later.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-52665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-31T00:15:37Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A malicious actor with access to the management network could exploit a misconfiguration in UniFi\u2019s door access application, UniFi Access, that exposed a management API without proper authentication. This vulnerability was introduced in Version 3.3.22 and was fixed in Version 4.0.21 and later.\u00a0\n \nAffected Products:\nUniFi Access Application (Version 3.3.22 through 3.4.31). \n \n\nMitigation:\nUpdate your UniFi Access Application to Version 4.0.21 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-2rj5-gh6q-72fp",
"modified": "2025-10-31T15:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-10-31T00:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-056/ce97352d-91cd-40a7-a2f4-2c73b3b30191"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RP9-FFVM-XJC8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:45A vulnerability has been identified in LOGO!8 BM (All versions). Attackers with access to port 10005/tcp could perform device reconfigurations and obtain project files from the devices. The system manual recommends to protect access to this port. The security vulnerability could be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access to port 10005/tcp. No user interaction is required to exploit this security vulnerability. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10919"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-14T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in LOGO!8 BM (All versions). Attackers with access to port 10005/tcp could perform device reconfigurations and obtain project files from the devices. The system manual recommends to protect access to this port. The security vulnerability could be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access to port 10005/tcp. No user interaction is required to exploit this security vulnerability. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.",
"id": "GHSA-2rp9-ffvm-xjc8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:45:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-542701.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/May/73"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153123/Siemens-LOGO-8-Missing-Authentication.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/May/45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108382"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2RX3-X88G-2WMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:59 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:34In IP-AK2 Access Control Panel Version 1.04.07 and prior, the integrated web server of the affected devices could allow remote attackers to obtain web configuration data, which can be accessed without authentication over the network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13525"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-25T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In IP-AK2 Access Control Panel Version 1.04.07 and prior, the integrated web server of the affected devices could allow remote attackers to obtain web configuration data, which can be accessed without authentication over the network.",
"id": "GHSA-2rx3-x88g-2wmx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:34:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:59:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-19-297-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V8Q-FHX5-GWP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-15 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-24 21:30LS ELECTRIC XBC-DN32U with operating system version 01.80 is missing authentication to create users on the PLC. This could allow an attacker to create and use an account with elevated privileges and take control of the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22804"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "LS ELECTRIC XBC-DN32U with operating system version 01.80 is missing authentication to create users on the PLC. This could allow an attacker to create and use an account with elevated privileges and take control of the device.",
"id": "GHSA-2v8q-fhx5-gwp2",
"modified": "2023-02-24T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-02-15T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-040-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VG4-RRX4-QCPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 06:16 – Updated: 2026-04-07 14:20Summary
The plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php endpoint probes the FFmpeg remote server configuration and returns connectivity status without any authentication. All sibling FFmpeg management endpoints (kill.ffmpeg.json.php, list.ffmpeg.json.php, ffmpeg.php) require User::isAdmin().
Details
The entire file at plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php:
<?php
$configFile = __DIR__.'/../../videos/configuration.php';
require_once $configFile;
header('Content-Type: application/json');
$obj = testFFMPEGRemote();
die(json_encode($obj));
No User::isAdmin(), User::isLogged(), or any access control check exists.
Compare with sibling endpoints in the same directory:
- kill.ffmpeg.json.php checks User::isAdmin()
- list.ffmpeg.json.php checks User::isAdmin()
Proof of Concept
curl "https://your-avideo-instance.com/plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php"
Returns information about whether the platform uses a standalone FFmpeg server and its current reachability.
Impact
Infrastructure reconnaissance revealing the encoding architecture. Limited direct impact but aids targeted attack planning.
Recommended Fix
Add an admin authentication check at plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php:3, after require_once $configFile;:
if (!User::isAdmin()) {
forbiddenPage('Admin only');
}
Found by aisafe.io
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "wwbn/avideo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "26.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35450"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-04T06:16:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T22:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe `plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php` endpoint probes the FFmpeg remote server configuration and returns connectivity status without any authentication. All sibling FFmpeg management endpoints (`kill.ffmpeg.json.php`, `list.ffmpeg.json.php`, `ffmpeg.php`) require `User::isAdmin()`.\n\n## Details\n\nThe entire file at `plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php`:\n\n```php\n\u003c?php\n$configFile = __DIR__.\u0027/../../videos/configuration.php\u0027;\nrequire_once $configFile;\nheader(\u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027);\n\n$obj = testFFMPEGRemote();\n\ndie(json_encode($obj));\n```\n\nNo `User::isAdmin()`, `User::isLogged()`, or any access control check exists.\n\nCompare with sibling endpoints in the same directory:\n- `kill.ffmpeg.json.php` checks `User::isAdmin()`\n- `list.ffmpeg.json.php` checks `User::isAdmin()`\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```bash\ncurl \"https://your-avideo-instance.com/plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php\"\n```\n\nReturns information about whether the platform uses a standalone FFmpeg server and its current reachability.\n\n## Impact\n\nInfrastructure reconnaissance revealing the encoding architecture. Limited direct impact but aids targeted attack planning.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nAdd an admin authentication check at `plugin/API/check.ffmpeg.json.php:3`, after `require_once $configFile;`:\n\n```php\nif (!User::isAdmin()) {\n forbiddenPage(\u0027Admin only\u0027);\n}\n```\n\n---\n*Found by [aisafe.io](https://aisafe.io)*",
"id": "GHSA-2vg4-rrx4-qcpq",
"modified": "2026-04-07T14:20:51Z",
"published": "2026-04-04T06:16:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-2vg4-rrx4-qcpq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35450"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "AVideo: Unauthenticated FFmpeg Remote Server Status Disclosure via check.ffmpeg.json.php"
}
GHSA-2VGJ-6CM5-QR57
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-25 00:32 – Updated: 2025-04-25 00:32WGS-80HPT-V2 and WGS-4215-8T2S are missing authentication that could allow an attacker to create an administrator account without knowing any existing credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46275"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-24T23:15:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "WGS-80HPT-V2 and WGS-4215-8T2S are missing authentication that could \nallow an attacker to create an administrator account without knowing any\n existing credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-2vgj-6cm5-qr57",
"modified": "2025-04-25T00:32:02Z",
"published": "2025-04-25T00:32:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-114-06"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VHX-GG9G-R3H4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36The official drupal docker images before 8.5.10-fpm-alpine (Alpine specific) contain a blank password for a root user. System using the drupal docker container deployed by affected versions of the docker image may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-17T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The official drupal docker images before 8.5.10-fpm-alpine (Alpine specific) contain a blank password for a root user. System using the drupal docker container deployed by affected versions of the docker image may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.",
"id": "GHSA-2vhx-gg9g-r3h4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/koharin/koharin2/blob/main/CVE-2020-35191"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2VR8-WH6W-3Q8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 09:31 – Updated: 2026-06-08 15:32Unauthenticated Debug Service. The /sbin/mtk_dut binary is exposed on TCP port 9000 without authentication, allowing any LAN-based attacker to execute arbitrary UCC commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49195"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T09:16:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Debug Service. The /sbin/mtk_dut binary is exposed on TCP port 9000 without authentication, allowing any LAN-based attacker to execute arbitrary UCC commands.",
"id": "GHSA-2vr8-wh6w-3q8m",
"modified": "2026-06-08T15:32:41Z",
"published": "2026-05-29T09:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49195"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.acer.com/en/kb/articles/19672"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VRC-9P3F-VF7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:55Diebold Nixdorf ProCash 2100xe USB ATMs running Wincor Probase version 1.1.30 do not encrypt, authenticate, or verify the integrity of messages between the CCDM and the host computer, allowing an attacker with physical access to internal ATM components to commit deposit forgery by intercepting and modifying messages to the host computer, such as the amount and value of currency being deposited.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-08-21T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Diebold Nixdorf ProCash 2100xe USB ATMs running Wincor Probase version 1.1.30 do not encrypt, authenticate, or verify the integrity of messages between the CCDM and the host computer, allowing an attacker with physical access to internal ATM components to commit deposit forgery by intercepting and modifying messages to the host computer, such as the amount and value of currency being deposited.",
"id": "GHSA-2vrc-9p3f-vf7c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:55:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:26:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/221785"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.