CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
342 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-69WX-XW2J-JGV8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-01 00:00The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) receiving unit on certain Honda vehicles through 2018 allows remote attackers to perform unlock operations and force a resynchronization after capturing five consecutive valid RKE signals over the radio, aka a RollBack attack. The attacker retains the ability to unlock indefinitely.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37305"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-24T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) receiving unit on certain Honda vehicles through 2018 allows remote attackers to perform unlock operations and force a resynchronization after capturing five consecutive valid RKE signals over the radio, aka a RollBack attack. The attacker retains the ability to unlock indefinitely.",
"id": "GHSA-69wx-xw2j-jgv8",
"modified": "2022-09-01T00:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-08-25T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackaday.com/2022/08/17/rollback-breaks-into-your-car"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/codex/rollback-a-new-time-agnostic-replay-attack-against-the-automotive-remote-keyless-entry-systems-df5f99ba9490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.blackhat.com/us-22/briefings/schedule/#rollback---a-new-time-agnostic-replay-attack-against-the-automotive-remote-keyless-entry-systems-27185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.pcmag.com/news/is-your-car-key-fob-vulnerable-to-this-simple-replay-attack"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYodcy84oQL1gxwiuRm13xRXxTQL9cO5t"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J28-3XH9-GCMG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Improper Authorization vulnerability in Netop Vision Pro up to and including to 9.7.1 allows an attacker to replay network traffic.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27195"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-25T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Authorization vulnerability in Netop Vision Pro up to and including to 9.7.1 allows an attacker to replay network traffic.",
"id": "GHSA-6j28-3xh9-gcmg",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27195"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/netop-vision-pro-distance-learning-software-is-20-20-in-hindsight"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QCX-QHC9-RHCR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-06 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-06 15:31A weakness identified in OpenText Advanced Authentication where a Malicious browser plugin can record and replay the user authentication process to bypass Authentication. This issue affects Advanced Authentication on or before 6.5.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-06T14:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness identified in OpenText Advanced Authentication where a\u00a0Malicious browser plugin can record and replay the user authentication process to bypass Authentication. This issue affects Advanced Authentication on or before 6.5.0.",
"id": "GHSA-6qcx-qhc9-rhcr",
"modified": "2025-08-06T15:31:27Z",
"published": "2025-08-06T15:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://staging.docs.microfocus.com/doc/42/main/advancedauthentication6504"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6R2C-458P-644H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:24 – Updated: 2023-01-31 18:30GoAhead before 5.1.2 mishandles the nonce value during Digest authentication. This may permit request replay attacks for local requests over HTTP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-23T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GoAhead before 5.1.2 mishandles the nonce value during Digest authentication. This may permit request replay attacks for local requests over HTTP.",
"id": "GHSA-6r2c-458p-644h",
"modified": "2023-01-31T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:24:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/embedthis/goahead-gpl/issues/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159505/EmbedThis-GoAhead-Web-Server-5.1.1-Digest-Authentication-Capture-Replay-Nonce-Reuse.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6RCJ-VXJG-F6MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-14 00:00Joy ebike Wolf Manufacturing year 2022 is vulnerable to Denial of service, which allows remote attackers to jam the key fob request via RF.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30467"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-29T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Joy ebike Wolf Manufacturing year 2022 is vulnerable to Denial of service, which allows remote attackers to jam the key fob request via RF.",
"id": "GHSA-6rcj-vxjg-f6mw",
"modified": "2022-07-14T00:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-06-30T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nsbogam/ebike-jammer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nsbogam/ebike-jammer/blob/main/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6W4V-QR4M-97GG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-09 21:15Laravel Fortify before 1.11.1 allows reuse within a short time window, thus calling into question the "OT" part of the "TOTP" concept.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "laravel/fortify"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25838"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-25T19:12:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Laravel Fortify before 1.11.1 allows reuse within a short time window, thus calling into question the \"OT\" part of the \"TOTP\" concept.",
"id": "GHSA-6w4v-qr4m-97gg",
"modified": "2022-03-09T21:15:50Z",
"published": "2022-02-25T00:01:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/issues/201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/issues/201#issuecomment-1009282153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/pull/357"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify/pull/358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/laravel/fortify/CVE-2022-25838.yaml"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6w4v-qr4m-97gg"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/laravel/fortify"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Multi-Factor Authentication issue in Laravel Fortify"
}
GHSA-72FH-3PRM-M3PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-19 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Elfatek Elektronics ANKA JPD-00028 allows Session Hijacking.This issue affects ANKA JPD-00028: through 19.03.2025.
NOTE: The vendor did not inform about the completion of the fixing process within the specified time. The CVE will be updated when new information becomes available.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12137"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-19T09:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Elfatek Elektronics ANKA JPD-00028 allows Session Hijacking.This issue affects ANKA JPD-00028: through 19.03.2025.\n\n\nNOTE: The vendor did not inform about the completion of the fixing process within the specified time. The CVE will be updated when new information becomes available.",
"id": "GHSA-72fh-3prm-m3pv",
"modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-03-19T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12137"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0071"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-73HQ-7P8J-4VP8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-27 15:32 – Updated: 2024-08-27 15:32An attacker with local access to machine where MicroSCADA X SYS600 is installed, could enable the session logging supporting the product and try to exploit a session hijacking of an already established session. By default, the session logging level is not enabled and only users with administrator rights can enable it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3982"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-27T13:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An attacker with local access to machine where MicroSCADA X\nSYS600 is installed, could enable the session logging supporting the product and try to exploit a session hijacking of an already established session. By default, the session logging level\nis not enabled and only users with administrator rights can enable it.",
"id": "GHSA-73hq-7p8j-4vp8",
"modified": "2024-08-27T15:32:47Z",
"published": "2024-08-27T15:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://publisher.hitachienergy.com/preview?DocumentID=8DBD000160\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-74GP-X82W-5V28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:03A flaw was found in Keycloak before 13.0.0 where an external identity provider, after successful authentication, redirects to a Keycloak endpoint that accepts multiple invocations with the use of the same "state" parameter. This flaw allows a malicious user to perform replay attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14302"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-15T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Keycloak before 13.0.0 where an external identity provider, after successful authentication, redirects to a Keycloak endpoint that accepts multiple invocations with the use of the same \"state\" parameter. This flaw allows a malicious user to perform replay attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-74gp-x82w-5v28",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:03:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1849584"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7923-H3MF-4442
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 09:31 – Updated: 2026-03-27 09:31Dovecot OTP authentication is vulnerable to replay attack under specific conditions. If auth cache is enabled, and username is altered in passdb, then OTP credentials can be cached so that same OTP reply is valid. An attacker able to observe an OTP exchange is able to log in as the user. If authentication happens over unsecure connection, switch to SCRAM protocol. Alternatively ensure the communcations are secured, and if possible switch to OAUTH2 or SCRAM. No publicly available exploits are known.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T09:16:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dovecot OTP authentication is vulnerable to replay attack under specific conditions. If auth cache is enabled, and username is altered in passdb, then OTP credentials can be cached so that same OTP reply is valid. An attacker able to observe an OTP exchange is able to log in as the user. If authentication happens over unsecure connection, switch to SCRAM protocol. Alternatively ensure the communcations are secured, and if possible switch to OAUTH2 or SCRAM. No publicly available exploits are known.",
"id": "GHSA-7923-h3mf-4442",
"modified": "2026-03-27T09:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-03-27T09:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.open-xchange.com/dovecot/security/advisories/csaf/2026/oxdc-adv-2026-0001.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.