Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

8617 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-GQGV-GQMH-7HW4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:16 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:16
VLAI
Details

Buffer overflow in SpoonFTP 1.0.0.12 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long argument to the commands (1) CWD or (2) LIST.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2001-0781"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2001-05-30T04:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Buffer overflow in SpoonFTP 1.0.0.12 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long argument to the commands (1) CWD or (2) LIST.",
  "id": "GHSA-gqgv-gqmh-7hw4",
  "modified": "2022-04-30T18:16:43Z",
  "published": "2022-04-30T18:16:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2001-0781"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/6630"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2001-05/0296.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-GQHX-QF2X-9GGQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:08 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:08
VLAI
Details

The FrameLoader::startLoad function in WebKit/Source/core/loader/FrameLoader.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 51.0.2704.79, does not prevent frame navigations during DocumentLoader detach operations, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via crafted JavaScript code.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-1697"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-06-05T23:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The FrameLoader::startLoad function in WebKit/Source/core/loader/FrameLoader.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 51.0.2704.79, does not prevent frame navigations during DocumentLoader detach operations, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via crafted JavaScript code.",
  "id": "GHSA-gqhx-qf2x-9ggq",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:08:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:08:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1697"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://codereview.chromium.org/2021373003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://crbug.com/613266"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2016/06/stable-channel-update.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00003.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00004.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00005.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036026"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2992-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GQMM-72RW-VRP2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:37 – Updated: 2025-04-12 13:00
VLAI
Details

ext/mysqlnd/mysqlnd.c in PHP before 5.4.43, 5.5.x before 5.5.27, and 5.6.x before 5.6.11 uses a client SSL option to mean that SSL is optional, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers via a cleartext-downgrade attack, a related issue to CVE-2015-3152.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-8838"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-05-16T10:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ext/mysqlnd/mysqlnd.c in PHP before 5.4.43, 5.5.x before 5.5.27, and 5.6.x before 5.6.11 uses a client SSL option to mean that SSL is optional, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers via a cleartext-downgrade attack, a related issue to CVE-2015-3152.",
  "id": "GHSA-gqmm-72rw-vrp2",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T13:00:05Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:37:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8838"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=69669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.php.net/?p=php-src.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=97aa752fee61fccdec361279adbfb17a3c60f3f4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.php.net/?p=php-src.git;a=commit;h=97aa752fee61fccdec361279adbfb17a3c60f3f4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00052.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00056.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00057.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00058.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2952-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2952-2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GQP7-J73X-J9WC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

Improper access control in Extensible Storage Engine (ESENT) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57088"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:18:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in Extensible Storage Engine (ESENT) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-gqp7-j73x-j9wc",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:39Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:32:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57088"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-57088"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GQQJ-85QM-8QHF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 22:47 – Updated: 2026-04-16 22:47
VLAI
Summary
Paperclip: codex_local inherited ChatGPT/OpenAI-connected Gmail and was able to send real email
Details

Summary

A Paperclip-managed codex_local runtime was able to access and use a Gmail connector that I had connected in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI, even though I had not explicitly connected Gmail inside Paperclip or separately inside Codex.

In my environment this enabled mailbox access and a real outbound email to be sent from my Gmail account. After I manually intervened to stop the workflow, follow-up retraction messages were also sent, confirming repeated outward write/send capability.

This appears to be a trust-boundary failure between Paperclip-managed Codex execution and inherited OpenAI app connectors, amplified by dangerous-by-default runtime settings.

Details

Successful runtime calls include:

  • mcp__codex_apps__gmail_get_profile
  • mcp__codex_apps__gmail_search_emails
  • mcp__codex_apps__gmail_send_email

The connected Gmail profile resolved to my personal account.

Inside the Paperclip-managed codex-home, I also found cached OpenAI curated connector state for Gmail under a path like:

  • codex-home/plugins/cache/openai-curated/gmail/.../.app.json

This strongly suggests that the runtime had access to an already connected OpenAI apps surface rather than a Paperclip-specific Gmail integration that I intentionally configured.

Separately, in the installed Paperclip code, codex_local defaults dangerouslyBypassApprovalsAndSandbox to true, and the server-side agent creation path applies that default when the flag is omitted. In practice, that makes this boundary failure much more dangerous because a newly created codex_local agent can operate with approvals and sandbox bypassed by default.

The key issue is this: I had connected Gmail only in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI. I had not intentionally connected Gmail inside Paperclip or separately inside Codex. Despite that, the Paperclip-managed codex_local runtime was able to use Gmail read/write actions.

PoC

Environment:

  • self-hosted Paperclip instance using codex_local
  • Gmail connected in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI
  • no explicit Gmail connection configured inside Paperclip for this test
  • codex_local agent created and run with default behavior

Observed reproduction path:

  1. Connect Gmail in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI.
  2. Create or run a Paperclip codex_local agent.
  3. Execute a task that inspects mailbox state or performs outward communication.
  4. Observe successful Gmail connector calls such as:
  5. mcp__codex_apps__gmail_get_profile
  6. mcp__codex_apps__gmail_search_emails
  7. mcp__codex_apps__gmail_send_email
  8. Observe that the connected profile resolves to the ChatGPT/OpenAI-connected Gmail account and that mailbox reads and real sends are possible.

Private evidence available on request:

  • successful get_profile / search / send logs
  • Paperclip-managed codex-home Gmail connector cache path(s)
  • screenshot showing Gmail write-capable actions such as send_email, send_draft, and update_draft exposed in the connected-app UI
  • incident timeline showing that a real outbound email was sent
  • recipient organizations, timestamps, message IDs, and sanitized evidence for both the original outbound email and the subsequent retraction messages

Impact

This was not only theoretical in my environment. It resulted in:

  • mailbox identity disclosure
  • mailbox search / thread access
  • a real outbound email being sent from a personal connected Gmail account to an external third party
  • follow-up retraction messages being sent after manual intervention, confirming repeated outward write/send capability

From an operator/security perspective, connecting Gmail in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI should not automatically make that connector available to a Paperclip-managed local agent runtime, especially not for write/send actions.

One or more of the following:

  • no inherited OpenAI app connectors by default in Paperclip-managed codex_local runs
  • send/write connectors blocked by default
  • explicit Paperclip-side opt-in before outward actions
  • auditable approval and provenance for connector-mediated actions
  • safer defaults, including dangerouslyBypassApprovalsAndSandbox = false
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "paperclipai"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2026.403.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T22:47:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nA Paperclip-managed `codex_local` runtime was able to access and use a Gmail connector that I had connected in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI, even though I had not explicitly connected Gmail inside Paperclip or separately inside Codex.\n\nIn my environment this enabled mailbox access and a real outbound email to be sent from my Gmail account. After I manually intervened to stop the workflow, follow-up retraction messages were also sent, confirming repeated outward write/send capability.\n\nThis appears to be a trust-boundary failure between Paperclip-managed Codex execution and inherited OpenAI app connectors, amplified by dangerous-by-default runtime settings.\n\n### Details\n\nSuccessful runtime calls include:\n\n- `mcp__codex_apps__gmail_get_profile`\n- `mcp__codex_apps__gmail_search_emails`\n- `mcp__codex_apps__gmail_send_email`\n\nThe connected Gmail profile resolved to my personal account.\n\nInside the Paperclip-managed `codex-home`, I also found cached OpenAI curated connector state for Gmail under a path like:\n\n- `codex-home/plugins/cache/openai-curated/gmail/.../.app.json`\n\nThis strongly suggests that the runtime had access to an already connected OpenAI apps surface rather than a Paperclip-specific Gmail integration that I intentionally configured.\n\nSeparately, in the installed Paperclip code, `codex_local` defaults `dangerouslyBypassApprovalsAndSandbox` to `true`, and the server-side agent creation path applies that default when the flag is omitted. In practice, that makes this boundary failure much more dangerous because a newly created `codex_local` agent can operate with approvals and sandbox bypassed by default.\n\nThe key issue is this: I had connected Gmail only in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI. I had not intentionally connected Gmail inside Paperclip or separately inside Codex. Despite that, the Paperclip-managed `codex_local` runtime was able to use Gmail read/write actions.\n\n### PoC\n\nEnvironment:\n\n- self-hosted Paperclip instance using `codex_local`\n- Gmail connected in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI\n- no explicit Gmail connection configured inside Paperclip for this test\n- `codex_local` agent created and run with default behavior\n\nObserved reproduction path:\n\n1. Connect Gmail in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI.\n2. Create or run a Paperclip `codex_local` agent.\n3. Execute a task that inspects mailbox state or performs outward communication.\n4. Observe successful Gmail connector calls such as:\n   - `mcp__codex_apps__gmail_get_profile`\n   - `mcp__codex_apps__gmail_search_emails`\n   - `mcp__codex_apps__gmail_send_email`\n5. Observe that the connected profile resolves to the ChatGPT/OpenAI-connected Gmail account and that mailbox reads and real sends are possible.\n\nPrivate evidence available on request:\n\n- successful `get_profile` / `search` / `send` logs\n- Paperclip-managed `codex-home` Gmail connector cache path(s)\n- screenshot showing Gmail write-capable actions such as `send_email`, `send_draft`, and `update_draft` exposed in the connected-app UI\n- incident timeline showing that a real outbound email was sent\n- recipient organizations, timestamps, message IDs, and sanitized evidence for both the original outbound email and the subsequent retraction messages\n\n### Impact\n\nThis was not only theoretical in my environment. It resulted in:\n\n- mailbox identity disclosure\n- mailbox search / thread access\n- a real outbound email being sent from a personal connected Gmail account to an external third party\n- follow-up retraction messages being sent after manual intervention, confirming repeated outward write/send capability\n\nFrom an operator/security perspective, connecting Gmail in the ChatGPT/OpenAI apps UI should not automatically make that connector available to a Paperclip-managed local agent runtime, especially not for write/send actions.\n\nOne or more of the following:\n\n- no inherited OpenAI app connectors by default in Paperclip-managed `codex_local` runs\n- send/write connectors blocked by default\n- explicit Paperclip-side opt-in before outward actions\n- auditable approval and provenance for connector-mediated actions\n- safer defaults, including `dangerouslyBypassApprovalsAndSandbox = false`",
  "id": "GHSA-gqqj-85qm-8qhf",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T22:47:40Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T22:47:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/paperclipai/paperclip/security/advisories/GHSA-gqqj-85qm-8qhf"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/paperclipai/paperclip"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Paperclip: codex_local inherited ChatGPT/OpenAI-connected Gmail and was able to send real email"
}

GHSA-GQX6-737F-Q6M3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 12:30 – Updated: 2024-08-21 03:31
VLAI
Details

The mobile application (com.transsion.videocallenhancer) interface has improper permission control, which can lead to the risk of private file leakage.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4988"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T10:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The mobile application (com.transsion.videocallenhancer) interface has improper permission control, which can lead to the risk of private file leakage.",
  "id": "GHSA-gqx6-737f-q6m3",
  "modified": "2024-08-21T03:31:52Z",
  "published": "2024-05-21T12:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4988"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.tecno.com/SRC/blogdetail/250?lang=en_US"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.tecno.com/SRC/securityUpdates"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.tecno.com/SRC/securityUpdates?type=SA"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GR44-7GRC-37VQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2017-10-24 18:33 – Updated: 2023-01-23 17:23
VLAI
Summary
ActiveRecord vulnerable to modification of protected model attributes
Details

ActiveRecord in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.17, 3.1.x before 3.1.11, and 3.2.x before 3.2.12 allows remote attackers to bypass the attr_protected protection mechanism and modify protected model attributes via a crafted request.

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "activerecord"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "activerecord"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "activerecord"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-0276"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:37:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-02-13T01:55:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ActiveRecord in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.17, 3.1.x before 3.1.11, and 3.2.x before 3.2.12 allows remote attackers to bypass the `attr_protected` protection mechanism and modify protected model attributes via a crafted request.",
  "id": "GHSA-gr44-7grc-37vq",
  "modified": "2023-01-23T17:23:13Z",
  "published": "2017-10-24T18:33:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0276"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/activerecord/CVE-2013-0276.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-security/msg/bb44b98a73ef1a06?dmode=source\u0026output=gplain"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20130217055442/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/57896"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2013/Jun/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-03/msg00048.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0686.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT5784"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2013/2/11/SEC-ANN-Rails-3-2-12-3-1-11-and-2-3-17-have-been-released"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2013/dsa-2620"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2013/02/11/5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "ActiveRecord vulnerable to modification of protected model attributes"
}

GHSA-GR6C-F4FC-5X96

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-20 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-06 18:31
VLAI
Details

eScan Management Console 14.0.1400.2281 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control via acteScanAVReport.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42919"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-20T17:15:19Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "eScan Management Console 14.0.1400.2281 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control via acteScanAVReport.",
  "id": "GHSA-gr6c-f4fc-5x96",
  "modified": "2024-09-06T18:31:28Z",
  "published": "2024-08-20T18:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42919"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jeyabalaji711/CVE-2024-42919"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GR8J-QM8R-RFGG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:12 – Updated: 2024-01-26 20:49
VLAI
Summary
Moodle Improper Access Control
Details

The "restore teacher" feature in Moodle 3.0 through 3.0.3, 2.9 through 2.9.5, 2.8 through 2.8.11, 2.7 through 2.7.13, and earlier allows remote authenticated users to overwrite the course idnumber.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.7"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.14"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.8"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.8.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.9"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.9.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-3733"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-26T20:49:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-20T21:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The \"restore teacher\" feature in Moodle 3.0 through 3.0.3, 2.9 through 2.9.5, 2.8 through 2.8.11, 2.7 through 2.7.13, and earlier allows remote authenticated users to overwrite the course idnumber.",
  "id": "GHSA-gr8j-qm8r-rfgg",
  "modified": "2024-01-26T20:49:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:12:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3733"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/12c28574868d6f6e5c57fb63298c82cb8bdd0bb6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/24b0c3c86ae96e46b87d6e9d6bcf4a6014dae8f0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/2950f9fb9128f9ae48e00b864da90be76c2bf139"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/3c9d2b104023a8b9fdc5f4d7e136083babd2609a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1335933"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-51369"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/17/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035902"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Moodle Improper Access Control"
}

GHSA-GR96-2H6W-PF97

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36
VLAI
Details

An error was found in the X-Pack Security 5.3.0 to 5.5.2 privilege enforcement. If a user has either 'delete' or 'index' permissions on an index in a cluster, they may be able to issue both delete and index requests against that index.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-8447"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-09-29T01:34:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An error was found in the X-Pack Security 5.3.0 to 5.5.2 privilege enforcement. If a user has either \u0027delete\u0027 or \u0027index\u0027 permissions on an index in a cluster, they may be able to issue both delete and index requests against that index.",
  "id": "GHSA-gr96-2h6w-pf97",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:36:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/x-pack-security-5-6-0-and-5-5-3-security-update/100089"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.

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