Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
14188 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-62996 (GCVE-0-2026-62996)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 15:04 – Updated: 2026-08-07 17:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Smarty Security stream restriction bypass through stream: resource
Summary
Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation (HTML/CSS) from application logic. From 5.0.0 until 5.8.4, Smarty's stream: resource-name handling does not adequately restrict which PHP stream wrappers and filter chains can be referenced from a template, allowing a php://filter-wrapped resource name to be used to read the contents of arbitrary local files accessible to the PHP process. An attacker able to author or influence a template's resource reference could exploit this to disclose sensitive file contents outside the intended template/config scope. This issue is fixed in version 5.8.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 17:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/1195 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/commit/3c9f7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| smarty-php | smarty |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0, < 5.8.4
|
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CVE-2026-62992 (GCVE-0-2026-62992)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 15:02 – Updated: 2026-08-07 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Smarty: Symlink path traversal out of trusted directories
Summary
Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation (HTML/CSS) from application logic. Prior to 5.8.2 (and 4.5.7 on the 4.x line), Security::_checkDir() does not fully resolve symbolic links before validating that a requested path lies within a configured secure directory. An attacker able to place or reference a symlink within a directory Smarty treats as trusted (e.g., a template or config directory) could use it to point outside the intended secure directory, bypassing the containment check and reading arbitrary files accessible to the PHP process. This issue is fixed in versions 5.8.2 and 4.5.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 16:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/commit/99c04… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/commit/a1ccd… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| smarty-php | smarty |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0, < 5.8.2
Affected: < 4.5.7 |
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CVE-2026-62947 (GCVE-0-2026-62947)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:55 – Updated: 2026-07-15 19:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenWrt: ACL bypass and arbitrary root file read via cgi-io cgi-download
Summary
OpenWrt is a Linux operating system targeting embedded devices. Prior to 25.12.5, the cgi-download handler in cgi-io authorizes the requested path against the caller's ubus session file ACL before canonicalization, and rpcd session.c uses fnmatch() without FNM_PATHNAME, allowing traversal such as an allowed wildcard prefix followed by ../ to read root-readable files including /etc/shadow. This vulnerability is fixed in 25.12.5.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 19:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/openwrt/cgi-io/pull/4 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/openwrt/cgi-io/commit/72990b74… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-62843 (GCVE-0-2026-62843)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 15:42 – Updated: 2026-07-15 16:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
File Browser: Archive builder turns backslash filenames into path traversal (zip-slip)
Summary
File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. From 2.63.6 to 2.63.16, File Browser's archive builder uses strings.ReplaceAll(nameInArchive, "\", "/"), which turns a POSIX filename such as ..\..\evil.sh into the archive entry ../../evil.sh, allowing a user with upload permission to plant a backslash-named file that escapes the extraction directory when another user downloads and extracts the generated zip or tar archive. This issue is fixed in version 2.63.17.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 16:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| filebrowser | filebrowser |
Affected:
>= 2.63.6, < 2.63.17
|
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CVE-2026-62680 (GCVE-0-2026-62680)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:42 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Orval: Generation-time SSRF + remote/local file inclusion via unrestricted $ref
Summary
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.22.0, Orval resolves remote and local external $ref values without an allowlist or confinement to the input directory. Processing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI description can cause requests from the developer or CI host to attacker-selected or internal HTTP services, read absolute or out-of-tree local files, and inline untrusted remote schemas into generated clients. The affected code is packages/orval/src/import-specs.ts external reference loading. This issue is fixed in version 8.22.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 18:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3723 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/23786c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| orval-labs | orval |
Affected:
< 8.22.0
|
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CVE-2026-62677 (GCVE-0-2026-62677)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 17:44 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Omnigent: Unvalidated os_env.cwd in agent bundle yields arbitrary host filesystem access on runners without OMNIGENT_RUNNER_WORKSPACE
Summary
Omnigent is an open-source AI agent framework and meta-harness for orchestrating coding agents. Prior to 0.3.0, an authenticated user can upload a session-scoped agent bundle with an absolute or traversal-containing os_env.cwd value because omnigent/spec/parser.py stores the value verbatim and omnigent/spec/validator.py does not constrain it. On a runner where OMNIGENT_RUNNER_WORKSPACE is unset, omnigent/runner/resource_registry.py preserves the attacker-controlled path and omnigent/inner/os_env.py uses the resolved path as the environment root and copytree source. The _assert_within_cwd check then treats that attacker-selected root as trusted, allowing sys_os_read, write, edit, and shell tools to access runner files and environment secrets outside the intended workspace. This issue is fixed in version 0.3.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omnigent-ai/omnigent/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omnigent-ai/omnigent/pull/1417 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/omnigent-ai/omnigent/commit/7c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/omnigent-ai/omnigent/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| omnigent-ai | omnigent |
Affected:
< 0.3.0
|
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CVE-2026-62663 (GCVE-0-2026-62663)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-30 16:16 – Updated: 2026-07-30 17:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Banks: Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal in Media Filters (image/audio/video/document)
Summary
Banks generates meaningful LLM prompts using a simple template language. In versions prior to 2.4.4, all four media filters (image, audio, video, document) in banks accept untrusted user input as file paths via Path(value) and pass them directly to open(file_path, "rb") without any path sanitization, canonicalization, or directory restriction. An attacker who controls template variables passed to a banks Prompt can use path traversal (../) to read arbitrary files accessible to the Python process—including .env files, SSH keys, cloud credentials, source code, /etc/passwd, and /etc/shadow—with the content returned base64-encoded in the rendered prompt output, making exfiltration trivial. This is particularly dangerous for applications that use banks to process user-provided template variables before sending prompts to an LLM. This issue has been fixed in version 2.4.4.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 17:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/masci/banks/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-62391 (GCVE-0-2026-62391)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 09:58 – Updated: 2026-07-31 16:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Kyuubi: kyuubi.session.local.dir.allow.list bypass via unprefixed Spark file-conf aliases
Summary
The security fix for CVE-2025-66518 is incomplete. Any client who can access to Apache Kyuubi Server via Kyuubi frontend protocols can bypass server-side config kyuubi.session.local.dir.allowlist via unprefixed Spark config aliases.
This issue affects Apache Kyuubi: from 1.6.0 before 1.12.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.12.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-31 16:29 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/vo4k4nxz23kfzrpp1… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Kyuubi |
Affected:
1.6.0 , < 1.12.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-62384 (GCVE-0-2026-62384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-24 18:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK FramenetCorpusReader Symlink Sandbox Bypass before 3.10.2
Summary
NLTK versions before 3.10.2 contain a symlink-based sandbox bypass in FramenetCorpusReader that allows attackers to read arbitrary XML files outside the corpus root. Attackers can place symlinks with names containing no path separators inside the corpus subdirectory, which pass the path validation guard and are resolved to files outside the intended corpus root when accessed via frame_by_name(), _lu_file(), or doc() methods.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 18:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-framene… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-62383 (GCVE-0-2026-62383)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-26 16:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nltk IPIPANCorpusReader Symlink Arbitrary File Read
Summary
nltk versions before 3.10.2 contain a symlink-based arbitrary file read vulnerability in IPIPANCorpusReader methods that bypass nltk.pathsec validation entirely. Attackers can place a symlink in the corpus root directory and read arbitrary files accessible to the process by calling channels(), domains(), categories(), or fileids() methods with the symlink filename.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 15:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-ipipanc… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-07 00:00
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.