CWE-203
AllowedObservable Discrepancy
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
836 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CMHJ-3C3R-RHFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-02 15:30 – Updated: 2025-12-02 21:31Entrust nShield Connect XC, nShield 5c, and nShield HSMi through 13.6.11, or 13.7, allow a physically proximate attacker with elevated privileges to falsify tamper events by accessing internal components.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59702"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-02T15:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Entrust nShield Connect XC, nShield 5c, and nShield HSMi through 13.6.11, or 13.7, allow a physically proximate attacker with elevated privileges to falsify tamper events by accessing internal components.",
"id": "GHSA-cmhj-3c3r-rhfx",
"modified": "2025-12-02T21:31:28Z",
"published": "2025-12-02T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-6q4x-m86j-gfwj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.entrust.com/use-case/why-use-an-hsm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CP2F-VM9G-5GQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-22 18:31 – Updated: 2025-05-22 18:31{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23182"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-22T16:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy",
"id": "GHSA-cp2f-vm9g-5gqr",
"modified": "2025-05-22T18:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-05-22T18:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/dynamiccollectors/cve_advisories_listing?skip=0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CPH6-524F-3HGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 23:07 – Updated: 2025-11-15 03:15Summary:
An observable difference in error messaging was found in the Directus REST API. The /items/{collection} API returns different error messages for these two cases:
1. A user tries to access an existing collection which they are not authorized to access.
2. A user tries to access a non-existing collection.
The two differing error messages leak the existence of collections to users which are not authorized to access these collections.
Details:
The following response returns an error message, when requesting a collection the user is not authorized to access.
GET /items/no-access
{
"errors": [
{
"message": "You don't have permission to access collection \"no-access\" or it does not exist. Queried in root.",
"extensions": {
"reason": "You don't have permission to access collection \"no-access\" or it does not exist. Queried in root.",
"code": "FORBIDDEN"
}
}
]
}
The following response returns a different error message when requesting a collection which does not exist.
GET /items/does-not-exist
{
"errors": [
{
"message": "You don't have permission to access this.",
"extensions": {
"code": "FORBIDDEN"
}
}
]
}
Impact:
The difference in errors between non-existent collections and collections blocked by permissions leak the existence of a collection to a user which is not authorized to access this object.
Credit:
Sebastian Krause - Hackmanit GmbH
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "directus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.13.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@directus/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64749"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203",
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-13T23:07:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T22:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary:\n\nAn observable difference in error messaging was found in the Directus REST API. The `/items/{collection}` API returns different error messages for these two cases:\n1. A user tries to access an existing collection which they are not authorized to access.\n2. A user tries to access a non-existing collection.\n\nThe two differing error messages leak the existence of collections to users which are not authorized to access these collections.\n\n### Details:\n\nThe following response returns an error message, when requesting a collection the user is not authorized to access.\n\n```\nGET /items/no-access\n{\n \"errors\": [\n {\n \"message\": \"You don\u0027t have permission to access collection \\\"no-access\\\" or it does not exist. Queried in root.\",\n \"extensions\": {\n \"reason\": \"You don\u0027t have permission to access collection \\\"no-access\\\" or it does not exist. Queried in root.\",\n \"code\": \"FORBIDDEN\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n```\n\nThe following response returns a different error message when requesting a collection which does not exist.\n\n```\nGET /items/does-not-exist\n{\n \"errors\": [\n {\n \"message\": \"You don\u0027t have permission to access this.\",\n \"extensions\": {\n \"code\": \"FORBIDDEN\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n```\n\n### Impact:\n\nThe difference in errors between non-existent collections and collections blocked by permissions leak the existence of a collection to a user which is not authorized to access this object.\n\n### Credit:\n\nSebastian Krause - [Hackmanit GmbH](https://hackmanit.de)",
"id": "GHSA-cph6-524f-3hgr",
"modified": "2025-11-15T03:15:40Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T23:07:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/security/advisories/GHSA-cph6-524f-3hgr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/commit/f99c9b89071f9d136cc9b0d0c182f2d24542bc31"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Directus Vulnerable to Information Leakage in Existing Collections"
}
GHSA-CPPP-J42J-CVVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-21 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:05The Change WP Admin Login WordPress plugin before 1.1.4 discloses the URL of the hidden login page when accessing a crafted URL, bypassing the protection offered.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-21T17:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Change WP Admin Login WordPress plugin before 1.1.4 discloses the URL of the hidden login page when accessing a crafted URL, bypassing the protection offered.",
"id": "GHSA-cppp-j42j-cvvh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:05:05Z",
"published": "2023-08-21T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/8f6615e8-f607-4ce4-a0e0-d5fc841ead16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRF2-XM6X-46P6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-08-19 18:02 – Updated: 2021-11-19 15:36Impact
This vulnerability allows to circumvent the formkey protection in the Admin Interface and increases the attack surface for Cross Site Request Forgery attacks
Patches
The latest OpenMage Versions up from 19.4.6 and 20.0.2 have this Issue solved
References
Related to Adobes CVE-2020-9690 ( https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb20-47.html ) fixed in Magento2 https://github.com/magento/magento2/commit/52d72b8010c9cecb5b8e3d98ec5edc1ddcc65fb4 as part of 2.4.0/2.3.5-p2
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "openmage/magento-lts"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "19.4.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "openmage/magento-lts"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "20.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "20.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15151"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203",
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-19T18:02:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-08-20T01:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThis vulnerability allows to circumvent the **formkey protection** in the Admin Interface and increases the attack surface for **Cross Site Request Forgery** attacks \n\n### Patches\nThe latest OpenMage Versions up from 19.4.6 and 20.0.2 have this Issue solved\n\n\n### References\nRelated to Adobes CVE-2020-9690 ( https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb20-47.html )\nfixed in Magento2 https://github.com/magento/magento2/commit/52d72b8010c9cecb5b8e3d98ec5edc1ddcc65fb4\nas part of 2.4.0/2.3.5-p2",
"id": "GHSA-crf2-xm6x-46p6",
"modified": "2021-11-19T15:36:13Z",
"published": "2020-08-19T18:02:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/security/advisories/GHSA-crf2-xm6x-46p6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/commit/7c526bc6a6a51b57a1bab4c60f104dc36cde347a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb20-47.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Observable Timing Discrepancy in OpenMage LTS"
}
GHSA-CRGQ-V9WW-P9F3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-30 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-07 03:30In Settings, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21335"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-30T17:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Settings, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-crgq-v9ww-p9f3",
"modified": "2023-11-07T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-10-30T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/android-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRJR-JCFJ-4WGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-12 00:01 – Updated: 2022-08-14 00:00In USB Manager, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure of installed packages with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-180104273
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0975"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-11T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In USB Manager, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure of installed packages with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-180104273",
"id": "GHSA-crjr-jcfj-4wgp",
"modified": "2022-08-14T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-08-12T00:01:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-13"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRXF-6FX4-JR2J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:51If hyperthreading is not disabled, a timing attack vulnerability exists, similar to previous Spectre attacks. Apple has shipped macOS 10.14.5 with an option to disable hyperthreading in applications running untrusted code in a thread through a new sysctl. Firefox now makes use of it on the main thread and any worker threads. Note: users need to update to macOS 10.14.5 in order to take advantage of this change.. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60.7, Firefox < 67, and Firefox ESR < 60.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9815"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-23T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "If hyperthreading is not disabled, a timing attack vulnerability exists, similar to previous Spectre attacks. Apple has shipped macOS 10.14.5 with an option to disable hyperthreading in applications running untrusted code in a thread through a new sysctl. Firefox now makes use of it on the main thread and any worker threads. *Note: users need to update to macOS 10.14.5 in order to take advantage of this change.*. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 60.7, Firefox \u003c 67, and Firefox ESR \u003c 60.7.",
"id": "GHSA-crxf-6fx4-jr2j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:51:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1546544"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mdsattacks.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CVQC-P7V4-M9PM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:05The implementations of SAE in hostapd and wpa_supplicant are vulnerable to side channel attacks as a result of observable timing differences and cache access patterns. An attacker may be able to gain leaked information from a side channel attack that can be used for full password recovery. Both hostapd with SAE support and wpa_supplicant with SAE support prior to and including version 2.7 are affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9494"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-17T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The implementations of SAE in hostapd and wpa_supplicant are vulnerable to side channel attacks as a result of observable timing differences and cache access patterns. An attacker may be able to gain leaked information from a side channel attack that can be used for full password recovery. Both hostapd with SAE support and wpa_supplicant with SAE support prior to and including version 2.7 are affected.",
"id": "GHSA-cvqc-p7v4-m9pm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:05:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:05:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/56OBBOJJSKRTDGEXZOVFSTP4HDSDBLAE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SVMJOFEYBGXZLFF5IOLW67SSOPKFEJP3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TDOZGR3T7FVO5JSZWK2QPR7AOFIEJTIZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/May/40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-19:03.wpa.asc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://w1.fi/security/2019-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_19_16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-02/msg00021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152914/FreeBSD-Security-Advisory-FreeBSD-SA-19-03.wpa.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CXG9-PG69-7H2C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-06 00:01In VpnManagerService, there is a possible disclosure of installed VPN packages due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12LAndroid ID: A-191276656
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39773"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In VpnManagerService, there is a possible disclosure of installed VPN packages due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12LAndroid ID: A-191276656",
"id": "GHSA-cxg9-pg69-7h2c",
"modified": "2022-04-06T00:01:51Z",
"published": "2022-03-31T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39773"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-12l"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering
An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.