CWE-203
AllowedObservable Discrepancy
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
886 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C3WG-2C5H-69Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-06 00:01In AudioService, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12LAndroid ID: A-194110526
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39760"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In AudioService, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12LAndroid ID: A-194110526",
"id": "GHSA-c3wg-2c5h-69q5",
"modified": "2022-04-06T00:01:53Z",
"published": "2022-03-31T00:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-12l"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C4MR-95M6-W2MF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-28 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-05 03:30An issue was discovered in MCUBO ICT through 10.12.4 (aka 6.0.2). An Observable Response Discrepancy can occur under the login web page. In particular, the web application provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that reveals internal state information to an unauthorized actor. That allow an unauthorized actor to perform User Enumeration attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in MCUBO ICT through 10.12.4 (aka 6.0.2). An Observable Response Discrepancy can occur under the login web page. In particular, the web application provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that reveals internal state information to an unauthorized actor. That allow an unauthorized actor to perform User Enumeration attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-c4mr-95m6-w2mf",
"modified": "2023-04-05T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-03-28T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.224303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gruppotim.it/it/footer/red-team.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C57V-4VG5-CM2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-07 12:30 – Updated: 2024-07-22 09:31Observable timing discrepancy vulnerability in Apache Pulsar SASL Authentication Provider can allow an attacker to forge a SASL Role Token that will pass signature verification.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.11.3, 3.0.2, or 3.1.1 which fixes the issue. Users should also consider updating the configured secret in the saslJaasServerRoleTokenSignerSecretPath file.
Any component matching an above version running the SASL Authentication Provider is affected. That includes the Pulsar Broker, Proxy, Websocket Proxy, or Function Worker.
2.11 Pulsar users should upgrade to at least 2.11.3. 3.0 Pulsar users should upgrade to at least 3.0.2. 3.1 Pulsar users should upgrade to at least 3.1.1. Any users running Pulsar 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, and earlier should upgrade to one of the above patched versions.
For additional details on this attack vector, please refer to https://codahale.com/a-lesson-in-timing-attacks/ .
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.pulsar:pulsar-broker-auth-sasl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.11.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.pulsar:pulsar-broker-auth-sasl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.pulsar:pulsar-broker-auth-sasl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51437"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-07T18:23:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-07T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Observable timing discrepancy vulnerability in Apache Pulsar SASL Authentication Provider can allow an attacker to forge a SASL Role Token that will pass signature verification.\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.11.3, 3.0.2, or 3.1.1 which fixes the issue. Users should also consider updating the configured secret in the `saslJaasServerRoleTokenSignerSecretPath` file.\n\nAny component matching an above version running the SASL Authentication Provider is affected. That includes the Pulsar Broker, Proxy, Websocket Proxy, or Function Worker.\n\n2.11 Pulsar users should upgrade to at least 2.11.3.\n3.0 Pulsar users should upgrade to at least 3.0.2.\n3.1 Pulsar users should upgrade to at least 3.1.1.\nAny users running Pulsar 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, and earlier should upgrade to one of the above patched versions.\n\nFor additional details on this attack vector, please refer to https://codahale.com/a-lesson-in-timing-attacks/ .\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-c57v-4vg5-cm2x",
"modified": "2024-07-22T09:31:55Z",
"published": "2024-02-07T12:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/21061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/pulsar/commit/6274fa01a75d74d559bb7e514c970f1fc07d15bc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/pulsar/commit/bc1019fa8ed37b8a4c8bb01e3662c6c015e1bc27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/pulsar/commit/c05954e66ff33098aeb848f4bde51613ace7e47e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/pulsar/commit/c27beca64cc93848c40a374f19eaf4d3cc4f4f03"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/pulsar"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/5kgmvvolf5tzp5rz9xjwfg2ncwvqqgl5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/07/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/07/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Pulsar SASL Authentication Provider observable timing discrepancy vulnerability"
}
GHSA-C5J5-CF8H-96P6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-04 03:30 – Updated: 2024-09-19 15:30Observable timing discrepancy issue exists in IPCOM EX2 Series V01L02NF0001 to V01L06NF0401, V01L20NF0001 to V01L20NF0401, V02L20NF0001 to V02L21NF0301, and IPCOM VE2 Series V01L04NF0001 to V01L06NF0112. If this vulnerability is exploited, some of the encrypted communication may be decrypted by an attacker who can obtain the contents of the communication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-04T03:15:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Observable timing discrepancy issue exists in IPCOM EX2 Series V01L02NF0001 to V01L06NF0401, V01L20NF0001 to V01L20NF0401, V02L20NF0001 to V02L21NF0301, and IPCOM VE2 Series V01L04NF0001 to V01L06NF0112. If this vulnerability is exploited, some of the encrypted communication may be decrypted by an attacker who can obtain the contents of the communication.",
"id": "GHSA-c5j5-cf8h-96p6",
"modified": "2024-09-19T15:30:48Z",
"published": "2024-09-04T03:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN29238389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fujitsu.com/jp/products/network/support/2024/ipcom-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C5PJ-2GJR-8GGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-28 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:14User enumeration is found in PHPJabbers Callback Widget v1.0. This issue occurs during password recovery, where a difference in messages could allow an attacker to determine if the user is valid or not, enabling a brute force attack with valid users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40756"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-28T13:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "User enumeration is found in PHPJabbers Callback Widget v1.0. This issue occurs during password recovery, where a difference in messages could allow an attacker to determine if the user is valid or not, enabling a brute force attack with valid users.",
"id": "GHSA-c5pj-2gjr-8ggc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:14:19Z",
"published": "2023-08-28T15:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40756"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40mfortinsec/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-phpjabbers-part-3-40fc3565982f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@mfortinsec/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-phpjabbers-part-3-40fc3565982f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.phpjabbers.com/callback-widget"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C5XJ-VG6H-CC3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 21:30Vulnerability in the Oracle Database Core component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.24, 21.3-21.15 and 23.4-23.5. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker having Create Session privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise Oracle Database Core. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Database Core accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.3 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T20:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Database Core component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.24, 21.3-21.15 and 23.4-23.5. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker having Create Session privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise Oracle Database Core. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Database Core accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.3 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-c5xj-vg6h-cc3w",
"modified": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6WG-CM5X-RQVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 17:38 – Updated: 2023-03-07 17:38Impact
There is an observable discrepancy in the authentication response time between calls where the user provided exists and calls where it does not. This issue only affects calls using the internal basic identity provider (IdP), and not other externally configured IdPs.
Patches
OpenSearch 1.3.9 and 2.6.0
Workarounds
None.
References
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please contact AWS/Amazon Security using our issue reporting page [1] or directly via email [2]. Please do not create a public GitHub issue.
[1] AWS Security issue reporting page: https://aws.amazon.com/security/vulnerability-reporting/ [2] AWS Security email: aws-security@amazon.com
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.opensearch.plugin:opensearch-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.opensearch.plugin:opensearch-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25806"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203",
"CWE-208"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-07T17:38:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-02T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThere is an observable discrepancy in the authentication response time between calls where the user provided exists and calls where it does not. This issue only affects calls using the internal basic identity provider (IdP), and not other externally configured IdPs.\n\n### Patches\nOpenSearch 1.3.9 and 2.6.0\n\n### Workarounds\nNone.\n\n### References\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please contact AWS/Amazon Security using our issue reporting page [1] or directly via email [2]. Please do not create a public GitHub issue.\n\n[1] AWS Security issue reporting page: https://aws.amazon.com/security/vulnerability-reporting/\n[2] AWS Security email: [aws-security@amazon.com](mailto:aws-security@amazon.com)",
"id": "GHSA-c6wg-cm5x-rqvj",
"modified": "2023-03-07T17:38:38Z",
"published": "2023-03-07T17:38:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opensearch-project/security/security/advisories/GHSA-c6wg-cm5x-rqvj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opensearch-project/security/pull/2472"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/opensearch-project/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenSearch has time discrepancy in authentication responses"
}
GHSA-C6XH-PW62-QH2J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:37On Archos Safe-T devices, a side channel for the row-based OLED display was found. The power consumption of each row-based display cycle depends on the number of illuminated pixels, allowing a partial recovery of display contents. For example, a hardware implant in the USB cable might be able to leverage this behavior to recover confidential secrets such as the PIN and BIP39 mnemonic. In other words, the side channel is relevant only if the attacker has enough control over the device's USB connection to make power-consumption measurements at a time when secret data is displayed. The side channel is not relevant in other circumstances, such as a stolen device that is not currently displaying secret data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-02T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On Archos Safe-T devices, a side channel for the row-based OLED display was found. The power consumption of each row-based display cycle depends on the number of illuminated pixels, allowing a partial recovery of display contents. For example, a hardware implant in the USB cable might be able to leverage this behavior to recover confidential secrets such as the PIN and BIP39 mnemonic. In other words, the side channel is relevant only if the attacker has enough control over the device\u0027s USB connection to make power-consumption measurements at a time when secret data is displayed. The side channel is not relevant in other circumstances, such as a stolen device that is not currently displaying secret data.",
"id": "GHSA-c6xh-pw62-qh2j",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:37:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.inhq.net/posts/oled-side-channel-status-summary"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C76G-76CJ-G742
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:08Smart cards from the Athena SCS manufacturer, based on the Atmel Toolbox 00.03.11.05 and the AT90SC chip, contain a timing side channel in ECDSA signature generation. This allows a local attacker, able to measure the duration of hundreds to thousands of signing operations, to compute the private key used. The issue occurs because the Atmel Toolbox 00.03.11.05 contains two versions of ECDSA signature functions, described as fast and secure, but the affected cards chose to use the fast version, which leaks the bit length of the random nonce via timing. This affects Athena IDProtect 010b.0352.0005, Athena IDProtect 010e.1245.0002, Athena IDProtect 0106.0130.0401, Athena IDProtect 010e.1245.0002, Valid S/A IDflex V 010b.0352.0005, SafeNet eToken 4300 010e.1245.0002, TecSec Armored Card 010e.0264.0001, and TecSec Armored Card 108.0264.0001.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15809"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-03T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Smart cards from the Athena SCS manufacturer, based on the Atmel Toolbox 00.03.11.05 and the AT90SC chip, contain a timing side channel in ECDSA signature generation. This allows a local attacker, able to measure the duration of hundreds to thousands of signing operations, to compute the private key used. The issue occurs because the Atmel Toolbox 00.03.11.05 contains two versions of ECDSA signature functions, described as fast and secure, but the affected cards chose to use the fast version, which leaks the bit length of the random nonce via timing. This affects Athena IDProtect 010b.0352.0005, Athena IDProtect 010e.1245.0002, Athena IDProtect 0106.0130.0401, Athena IDProtect 010e.1245.0002, Valid S/A IDflex V 010b.0352.0005, SafeNet eToken 4300 010e.1245.0002, TecSec Armored Card 010e.0264.0001, and TecSec Armored Card 108.0264.0001.",
"id": "GHSA-c76g-76cj-g742",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:08:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15809"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Cryptographic-Algorithm-Validation-Program/details?source=ECDSA\u0026number=214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2011/232.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://minerva.crocs.fi.muni.cz"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/7337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ssi.gouv.fr/certification_cc/bibliotheque-cryptographique-atmel-toolbox-00-03-11-05"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/10/02/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7RP-5PRQ-C624
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-09 21:30Dell BSAFE Micro Edition Suite, versions before 4.5.2, contain an Observable Timing Discrepancy Vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21575"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203",
"CWE-208"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-02T16:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nDell BSAFE Micro Edition Suite,\u00a0versions before 4.5.2, contain an Observable Timing Discrepancy Vulnerability.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-c7rp-5prq-c624",
"modified": "2024-02-09T21:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-02-02T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000189462/dsa-2021-131-dell-bsafetm-micro-edition-suite-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering
An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.