Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-194

Weakness Allowed

Unexpected Sign Extension

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product performs an operation on a number that causes it to be sign extended when it is transformed into a larger data type.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Variant level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-681 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-681 · View CWE-1305
ChildOf: CWE-681 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Notes

Relationship

Sign extension errors can lead to buffer overflows and other memory-based problems. They are also likely to be factors in other weaknesses that are not based on memory operations, but rely on numeric calculation.

Maintenance

This entry is closely associated with signed-to-unsigned conversion errors (CWE-195) and other numeric errors. These relationships need to be more closely examined within CWE.

Content history
Submission: CLASP · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Description, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-11-05 · CWE 1.1

complete rewrite of the entire entry

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-11-24 · CWE 1.1

updated Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Maintenance_Notes, Name, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationship_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Applicable_Platforms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated References, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Potential_Mitigations, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Detection_Factors, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Common_Consequences, Description, References

10 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-97402 (GCVE-0-2026-97402)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 15:56 – Updated: 2026-11-10 15:56
VLAI
Summary
In Eclipse Kura versions 3.1.0 to 5.6.2, the iBeacon and Eddystone advertisement decoders wrongly parse the AD-structure length field of an over-the-air BLE advertising payload. Any unauthenticated attacker within BLE radio range can broadcast a two-byte advertising payload that drives the Kura beacon-scanner thread into a tight infinite loop, pinning a CPU core and permanently halting beacon ingestion until the gateway is restarted. To trigger the attack, the iBeacon/Eddystone scanner component should be installed and active. By default the components are not installed or enabled.
Assigner
eclipse CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 66/100 over 221 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Eclipse Foundation Eclipse Kura Affected: 3.1.0 , ≤ 5.6.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-32138 (GCVE-0-2022-32138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-24 07:46 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:47
VLAI
Title
CODESYS runtime system prone to denial of service due to Unexpected Sign Extension
Summary
In multiple CODESYS products, a remote attacker may craft a request which may cause an unexpected sign extension, resulting in a denial-of-service condition or memory overwrite.
CWE
  • CWE-194 - Unexpected Sign Extension
Assigner
CERTVDE CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 167 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CODESYS Runtime Toolkit Affected: V2 , < V2.4.7.57 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
CODESYS PLCWinNT Affected: V2 , < V2.4.7.57 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2022-06-15 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2021-38434 (GCVE-0-2021-38434)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-18 12:38 – Updated: 2024-09-16 22:39
VLAI
Title
FATEK Automation WinProladder
Summary
FATEK Automation WinProladder versions 3.30 and prior lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing project files, which could result in an unexpected sign extension. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code.
CWE
  • CWE-194 - UNEXPECTED SIGN EXTENSION CWE-194
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 343 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FATEK Automation WinProladder Affected: All , ≤ 3.30 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2021-10-07 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2020-13544 (GCVE-0-2020-13544)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-01-06 14:48 – Updated: 2024-08-04 12:18
VLAI
Summary
An exploitable sign extension vulnerability exists in the TextMaker document parsing functionality of SoftMaker Office 2021’s TextMaker application. A specially crafted document can cause the document parser to sign-extend a length used to terminate a loop, which can later result in the loop’s index being used to write outside the bounds of a heap buffer during the reading of file data. An attacker can entice the victim to open a document to trigger this vulnerability.
CWE
  • CWE-194 - Unexpected Sign Extension
Assigner
talos CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 60/100 over 48 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Softmaker Affected: SoftMaker Software GmbH SoftMaker Office TextMaker 2021 (revision 1014)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2018-10887 (GCVE-0-2018-10887)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-07-10 14:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:06
VLAI
Summary
A flaw was found in libgit2 before version 0.27.3. It has been discovered that an unexpected sign extension in git_delta_apply function in delta.c file may lead to an integer overflow which in turn leads to an out of bound read, allowing to read before the base object. An attacker may use this flaw to leak memory addresses or cause a Denial of Service.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 1211 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
libgit2 libgit2 Affected: before version 0.27.3
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2018-07-09 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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GHSA-5GCQ-G5P3-PJP4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:02 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:02
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in libgit2 before version 0.27.3. It has been discovered that an unexpected sign extension in git_delta_apply function in delta.c file may lead to an integer overflow which in turn leads to an out of bound read, allowing to read before the base object. An attacker may use this flaw to leak memory addresses or cause a Denial of Service.

Show details on source website

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GHSA-C8G4-H8J5-VJPP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-02 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-03 00:30
VLAI
Details

Inappropriate implementation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 143.0.7499.41 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: High)

Show details on source website

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  "id": "GHSA-c8g4-h8j5-vjpp",
  "modified": "2025-12-03T00:30:28Z",
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GHSA-QG68-H8VR-3VC5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-25 00:01
VLAI
Details

In multiple CODESYS products, a remote attacker may craft a request which may cause an unexpected sign extension, resulting in a denial-of-service condition or memory overwrite.

Show details on source website

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  "id": "GHSA-qg68-h8vr-3vc5",
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      "url": "https://customers.codesys.com/index.php?eID=dumpFile\u0026t=f\u0026f=17139\u0026token=ec67d15a433b61c77154166c20c78036540cacb0\u0026download="
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GHSA-RQ4P-MWVQ-FHVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17
VLAI
Details

FATEK Automation WinProladder versions 3.30 and prior lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing project files, which could result in an unexpected sign extension. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code.

Show details on source website

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  "id": "GHSA-rq4p-mwvq-fhvq",
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  "published": "2022-05-24T19:17:49Z",
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}

GHSA-V5CJ-RQ82-C9M7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-11-10 18:31
VLAI
Details

In Eclipse Kura versions 3.1.0 to 5.6.2, the iBeacon and Eddystone advertisement decoders wrongly parse the AD-structure length field of an over-the-air BLE advertising payload. Any unauthenticated attacker within BLE radio range can broadcast a two-byte advertising payload that drives the Kura beacon-scanner thread into a tight infinite loop, pinning a CPU core and permanently halting beacon ingestion until the gateway is restarted. To trigger the attack, the iBeacon/Eddystone scanner component should be installed and active. By default the components are not installed or enabled.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-97402"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-194"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-11-10T16:17:25Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In Eclipse Kura versions 3.1.0 to 5.6.2, the iBeacon and Eddystone advertisement decoders wrongly parse the AD-structure length field of an over-the-air BLE advertising payload. Any unauthenticated attacker within BLE radio range can broadcast a two-byte advertising payload that drives the Kura beacon-scanner thread into a tight infinite loop, pinning a CPU core and permanently halting beacon ingestion until the gateway is restarted. To trigger the attack, the iBeacon/Eddystone scanner component should be installed and active. By default the components are not installed or enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-v5cj-rq82-c9m7",
  "modified": "2026-11-10T18:31:42Z",
  "published": "2026-11-10T18:31:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-kura/kura/security/advisories/GHSA-x83q-g5h7-ffc5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-97402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/work_items/322"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/work_items/923"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid using signed variables if you don't need to represent negative values. When negative values are needed, perform validation after you save those values to larger data types, or before passing them to functions that are expecting unsigned values.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.