Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-184

Allowed

Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product implements a protection mechanism that relies on a list of inputs (or properties of inputs) that are not allowed by policy or otherwise require other action to neutralize before additional processing takes place, but the list is incomplete.

307 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-22609 (GCVE-0-2026-22609)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 01:35 – Updated: 2026-01-14 19:51
VLAI
Title
Fickling has Static Analysis Bypass via Incomplete Dangerous Module Blocklist
Summary
Fickling is a Python pickling decompiler and static analyzer. Prior to version 0.1.7, the unsafe_imports() method in Fickling's static analyzer fails to flag several high-risk Python modules that can be used for arbitrary code execution. Malicious pickles importing these modules will not be detected as unsafe, allowing attackers to bypass Fickling's primary static safety checks. This issue has been patched in version 0.1.7.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
trailofbits fickling Affected: < 0.1.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-22608 (GCVE-0-2026-22608)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 01:35 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:57
VLAI
Title
Fickling vulnerable to use of ctypes and pydoc gadget chain to bypass detection
Summary
Fickling is a Python pickling decompiler and static analyzer. Prior to version 0.1.7, both ctypes and pydoc modules aren't explicitly blocked. Even other existing pickle scanning tools (like picklescan) do not block pydoc.locate. Chaining these two together can achieve RCE while the scanner still reports the file as LIKELY_SAFE. This issue has been patched in version 0.1.7.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
trailofbits fickling Affected: < 0.1.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-22607 (GCVE-0-2026-22607)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 01:35 – Updated: 2026-01-13 21:49
VLAI
Title
Fickling Blocklist Bypass: cProfile.run()
Summary
Fickling is a Python pickling decompiler and static analyzer. Fickling versions up to and including 0.1.6 do not treat Python's cProfile module as unsafe. Because of this, a malicious pickle that uses cProfile.run() is classified as SUSPICIOUS instead of OVERTLY_MALICIOUS. If a user relies on Fickling's output to decide whether a pickle is safe to deserialize, this misclassification can lead them to execute attacker-controlled code on their system. This affects any workflow or product that uses Fickling as a security gate for pickle deserialization. This issue has been patched in version 0.1.7.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
trailofbits fickling Affected: < 0.1.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-22606 (GCVE-0-2026-22606)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 01:35 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:58
VLAI
Title
Fickling has a bypass via runpy.run_path() and runpy.run_module()
Summary
Fickling is a Python pickling decompiler and static analyzer. Fickling versions up to and including 0.1.6 do not treat Python’s runpy module as unsafe. Because of this, a malicious pickle that uses runpy.run_path() or runpy.run_module() is classified as SUSPICIOUS instead of OVERTLY_MALICIOUS. If a user relies on Fickling’s output to decide whether a pickle is safe to deserialize, this misclassification can lead them to execute attacker-controlled code on their system. This affects any workflow or product that uses Fickling as a security gate for pickle deserialization. This issue has been patched in version 0.1.7.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
trailofbits fickling Affected: < 0.1.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-22175 (GCVE-0-2026-22175)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-18 01:34 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:13 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.2.23 - Exec Approval Bypass via Unrecognized Multiplexer Shell Wrappers
Summary
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.23 contain an exec approval bypass vulnerability in allowlist mode where allow-always grants could be circumvented through unrecognized multiplexer shell wrappers like busybox and toybox sh -c commands. Attackers can exploit this by invoking arbitrary payloads under the same multiplexer wrapper to satisfy stored allowlist rules, bypassing intended execution restrictions.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenClaw OpenClaw Affected: 0 , < 2026.2.23 (semver)
Unaffected: 2026.2.23 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-02-24 00:00
Credits
Jisung (@jiseoung)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-15625 (GCVE-0-2026-15625)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 02:00 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:45
VLAI
Title
nextlevelbuilder GoClaw exec_approval.go ExecApprovalManager.CheckCommand incomplete blacklist
Summary
A vulnerability was found in nextlevelbuilder GoClaw 3.11.3. Affected by this issue is the function ExecApprovalManager.CheckCommand of the file internal/tools/exec_approval.go. The manipulation results in incomplete blacklist. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete Blacklist
  • CWE-183 - Permissive List of Allowed Inputs
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextlevelbuilder GoClaw Affected: 3.11.3
    cpe:2.3:a:nextlevelbuilder:goclaw:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Eric-b (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-14534 (GCVE-0-2026-14534)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-04 13:25 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:59
VLAI
Title
Fickling check_safety() bypass via unlisted standard library modules (_posixsubprocess, site, atexit)
Summary
Trail of Bits fickling versions up to and including 0.1.10 do not include the Python standard library modules _posixsubprocess, site, and atexit in the UNSAFE_IMPORTS denylist (fickle.py). Because these modules are absent from the denylist, fickling's check_safety() function returns LIKELY_SAFE with zero findings for pickle payloads that invoke dangerous functions including _posixsubprocess.fork_exec (C-level process spawner capable of executing arbitrary binaries), site.execsitecustomize (executes arbitrary site customization code), and atexit._run_exitfuncs (triggers all registered exit handler callbacks). The fickling.load() API chains check_safety() into pickle.loads() as an explicit security gate; a LIKELY_SAFE verdict causes the payload to be deserialized and executed. This shares the same root cause as CVE-2026-22607 (cProfile), CVE-2025-67748 (pty), and CVE-2025-67747 (marshal/types). OvertlyBadEvals does not flag these modules because they are standard library imports. UnsafeImports does not flag them because they are not in the denylist. The UnusedVariables heuristic is defeated by the SETITEMS opcode pattern.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
trailofbits fickling Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.1.10 (custom)
Unaffected: 0.1.11 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-28 00:08
Credits
Christopher Aziz (Bombadil Systems LLC)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4509 (GCVE-0-2026-4509)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-21 06:02 – Updated: 2026-03-24 14:04
VLAI
Title
PbootCMS File Upload file.php incomplete blacklist
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in PbootCMS up to 3.2.12. This affects an unknown function of the file core/function/file.php of the component File Upload. The manipulation of the argument black results in incomplete blacklist. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete Blacklist
  • CWE-183 - Permissive List of Allowed Inputs
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.352075 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352075 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.773901 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/zzj-create/cvetest/blob/main/V… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a PbootCMS Affected: 3.2.0
Affected: 3.2.1
Affected: 3.2.2
Affected: 3.2.3
Affected: 3.2.4
Affected: 3.2.5
Affected: 3.2.6
Affected: 3.2.7
Affected: 3.2.8
Affected: 3.2.9
Affected: 3.2.10
Affected: 3.2.11
Affected: 3.2.12
    cpe:2.3:a:pbootcms:pbootcms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
zmjjkk (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-1773 (GCVE-0-2026-1773)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-24 13:13 – Updated: 2026-05-27 14:50
VLAI
Summary
IEC 60870-5-104 used in RTU500: Potential Denial of Service impact on reception of invalid U-format frame. Product is only affected if IEC 60870-5-104 bi-directional functionality is configured. Enabling secure communication following IEC 62351-3 does not remediate the vulnerability but mitigates the risk of exploitation.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Hitachi Energy RTU500 series CMU firmware Affected: 12.7.1 , ≤ 12.7.7 (custom)
Affected: 13.5.1 , ≤ 13.5.4 (custom)
Affected: 13.6.1 , ≤ 13.6.2 (custom)
Affected: 13.7.1 , ≤ 13.7.7 (custom)
Affected: 13.8.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-71355 (GCVE-0-2025-71355)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 22:08 – Updated: 2026-07-01 14:55
VLAI
Title
Picklescan - Arbitrary Code Execution via Unsafe Numpy Function Detection Bypass
Summary
Picklescan before 0.0.25 fails to detect unsafe global functions in the Numpy library, allowing attackers to bypass static analysis and execute arbitrary code during deserialization. Attackers can craft malicious pickle files using numpy.testing._private.utils.runstring within the reduce method to import dangerous libraries like os and execute arbitrary OS commands when the pickle file is loaded.
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Picklescan Picklescan Affected: 0 , < 0.0.25 (semver)
Unaffected: 0.0.25 (semver)
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Date Public
2025-04-06 00:00
Credits
SeaW1nd
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                "timestamp": "2026-07-01T14:55:28.882678Z",
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Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Do not rely exclusively on detecting disallowed inputs. There are too many variants to encode a character, especially when different environments are used, so there is a high likelihood of missing some variants. Only use detection of disallowed inputs as a mechanism for detecting suspicious activity. Ensure that you are using other protection mechanisms that only identify "good" input - such as lists of allowed inputs - and ensure that you are properly encoding your outputs.

CAPEC-120: Double Encoding

The adversary utilizes a repeating of the encoding process for a set of characters (that is, character encoding a character encoding of a character) to obfuscate the payload of a particular request. This may allow the adversary to bypass filters that attempt to detect illegal characters or strings, such as those that might be used in traversal or injection attacks. Filters may be able to catch illegal encoded strings, but may not catch doubly encoded strings. For example, a dot (.), often used in path traversal attacks and therefore often blocked by filters, could be URL encoded as %2E. However, many filters recognize this encoding and would still block the request. In a double encoding, the % in the above URL encoding would be encoded again as %25, resulting in %252E which some filters might not catch, but which could still be interpreted as a dot (.) by interpreters on the target.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-182: Flash Injection

An attacker tricks a victim to execute malicious flash content that executes commands or makes flash calls specified by the attacker. One example of this attack is cross-site flashing, an attacker controlled parameter to a reference call loads from content specified by the attacker.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters

Some APIs will strip certain leading characters from a string of parameters. An adversary can intentionally introduce leading "ghost" characters (extra characters that don't affect the validity of the request at the API layer) that enable the input to pass the filters and therefore process the adversary's input. This occurs when the targeted API will accept input data in several syntactic forms and interpret it in the equivalent semantic way, while the filter does not take into account the full spectrum of the syntactic forms acceptable to the targeted API.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-6: Argument Injection

An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.

CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic

An attacker may provide a Unicode string to a system component that is not Unicode aware and use that to circumvent the filter or cause the classifying mechanism to fail to properly understanding the request. That may allow the attacker to slip malicious data past the content filter and/or possibly cause the application to route the request incorrectly.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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