Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

12687 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-13479 (GCVE-0-2026-13479)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 14:03 – Updated: 2026-08-26 15:44
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds read in LoRaWAN clock-sync AppTimeAns downlink handler
Summary
The LoRaWAN application-layer clock-synchronization service parses downlinks in clock_sync_package_callback() (subsys/lorawan/services/clock_sync.c). Its command loop only guarantees that the one-byte command id is in bounds; for the CLOCK_SYNC_CMD_APP_TIME (AppTimeAns) command the handler then reads a 4-byte time correction via sys_get_le32() plus a 1-byte token without checking that 5 bytes remain in the receive buffer (len - rx_pos). A short or crafted AppTimeAns therefore reads up to 5 bytes past the end of the decrypted payload. The payload (rx_buf/len) is the decrypted application frame delivered to the registered downlink callback (mcps_indication->Buffer/BufferSize). Reaching the handler requires a frame on the clock-sync port that passes LoRaWAN's MAC integrity check and FRMPayload decryption, so the practical attacker is a malicious or compromised network/application server (the designated sender of AppTimeAns) or a party holding the session keys, rather than an arbitrary radio listener. The over-read is bounded: the backing store is a fixed 255-byte static buffer, so the few stray bytes do not fault, and the read values (time_correction, token) are used only internally and never transmitted, so there is no disclosure to the attacker and no crash. The sole effect is that a stale token matching ctx.req_token can apply a garbage time_correction to the device's own clock offset (ctx.time_offset), a minor integrity impact confined to the victim's time estimate. The fix adds an explicit length check that drops a too-short AppTimeAns. Note the sibling one-byte reads in the periodicity and force-resync handlers remain unguarded with the same negligible impact.
Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 15:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zephyr CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 77/100 over 150 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zephyrproject zephyr Affected: 3.3.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-13478 (GCVE-0-2026-13478)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 16:05 – Updated: 2026-08-25 19:39
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds read in Zephyr ext2 block-bitmap validation from a crafted s_blocks_count
Summary
The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver validates the on-disk block bitmap in ext2_init_fs() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c) by passing fs_blocks = s_blocks_count - s_first_data_block to ext2_bitmap_count_set(). That helper (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_bitmap.c) treats its argument as a number of bits and reads one bitmap byte per eight bits, but the bitmap buffer (BGROUP_BLOCK_BITMAP) is a single fetched block of only fs->block_size bytes (capacity fs->block_size * 8 bits). s_blocks_count and s_first_data_block are taken verbatim from the superblock and were never bounded against this single-group capacity; ext2_verify_disk_superblock() checks the magic, revision, and block-size shift but not the block count. A crafted ext2 image with an oversized s_blocks_count (up to ~4 billion, against a maximum 4096-byte block / 32768-bit bitmap) makes ext2_bitmap_count_set() scan roughly 512 MB of memory past the bitmap block — a large out-of-bounds read of the static block slab and adjacent memory. The defect is reached during mount: ext2_init_fs() is invoked from ext2_mount() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_ops.c), the registered .mount operation. Any path that mounts an attacker-supplied ext2 image (removable media, a disk/flash partition, or a downloaded image) triggers it. The kernel-privileged parser operates on attacker-controlled data, so the bug is exploitable wherever untrusted ext2 media can be mounted. Impact is an out-of-bounds read only: the resulting bit count is compared internally and the mount is rejected, so no attacker-controlled bytes are returned (not a useful information leak). The ~512 MB over-read will almost certainly cross an unmapped or MPU-protected boundary and fault, crashing the system — a denial of service triggered by mounting a single malformed image. The fix rejects any image whose fs_blocks exceeds fs->block_size * 8 before the scan.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 19:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zephyr CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 77/100 over 150 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zephyrproject zephyr Affected: 3.5.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13379 (GCVE-0-2026-13379)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-30 16:28 – Updated: 2026-07-30 18:09
VLAI
Summary
The Windows interactive service in OpenVPN 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows remote attackers to cause persistent DNS state pollution or a service crash via a crafted search domain during the disconnection process
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:H/SI:N/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 18:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-142 - Improper neutralization of value delimiters
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds read
Assigner
OpenVPN CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 74/100 over 23 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenVPN OpenVPN Affected: 2.7_alpha1 , ≤ 2.7.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-13326 (GCVE-0-2026-13326)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 06:11 – Updated: 2026-09-11 12:08
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds read and integer underflow vulnerability in QNdefNfcTextRecord impacts Qt NFC module
Summary
An out-of-bounds read in Qt NFC's language code length parsing allows a physically proximate attacker to cause a denial of service or limited memory disclosure via a crafted NFC tag.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 12:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
Assigner
Qt CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 9 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
qt qt Affected: 5.2.0 , < 6.8.9 (python)
Affected: 6.9.0 , < 6.11.2 (python)
    cpe:2.3:a:qt:qt:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:qt:qt:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-10 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13077 (GCVE-0-2026-13077)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-22 19:12 – Updated: 2026-07-23 14:19
VLAI
Title
Out-of-Bounds Heap Read in BSON CodeWScope Element Parsing via Malformed BSONColumn Data
Summary
A missing bounds check in the BSON CodeWScope element accessors allows an attacker to trigger an out-of-bounds heap read via a crafted aggregation pipeline. The vulnerability can be exploited by an authenticated user by generating a malformed BSONColumn data containing a CodeWScope element, bypassing wire-level BSON validation. When the forged element is decompressed, the unchecked size value is used in pointer arithmetic, causing either a server crash or disclosure of adjacent heap memory contents.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-23 14:19 UTC
CWE
Assigner
mongodb CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 184 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MongoDB MongoDB Server Affected: 7.0 , < 7.0.39 (semver)
Affected: 8.0 , < 8.0.28 (semver)
Affected: 8.2.0 , < 8.2.12 (semver)
Affected: 8.3.0 , < 8.3.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-12996 (GCVE-0-2026-12996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-30 16:38 – Updated: 2026-07-30 18:07
VLAI
Summary
A use-after-free in OpenVPN 2.6.0 through 2.6.20 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows remote authenticated peers to potentially cause a denial of service or leak memory via crafted packets during TLS session promotion or expiry
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 18:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
OpenVPN CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 74/100 over 23 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenVPN OpenVPN Affected: 2.6.0 , ≤ 2.6.20 (semver)
Affected: 2.7_alpha1 , ≤ 2.7.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-12969 (GCVE-0-2026-12969)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 13:28 – Updated: 2026-08-31 11:48
VLAI
Title
Dnsmasq: dnsmasq: out-of-bounds read in find_soa() due to missing extrabytes validation
Summary
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in dnsmasq's find_soa() function in src/rfc1035.c. When parsing NS section records, extract_name() is called with extrabytes=0, failing to validate that 10 additional bytes exist for fixed-length DNS record fields. A remote attacker controlling a DNS zone can exploit this via a crafted NXDOMAIN response to cause a 10-byte heap out-of-bounds read, potentially accessing stale data from prior transactions.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 15:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 968 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12969 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491663 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-10 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank dolitli for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12897 (GCVE-0-2026-12897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 17:47 – Updated: 2026-06-25 18:31
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds read in Horner Automation Cscape
Summary
Horner Automation Cscape versions prior to 10.2 SP3 are vulnerable to an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability through parsing CSP files. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to disclose information and execute arbitrary code.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 18:31 UTC
CWE
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 327 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Horner Automation Cscape Affected: 0 , < 10.2 SP3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Michael Heinzl reported this vulnerability to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12892 (GCVE-0-2026-12892)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:53 – Updated: 2026-09-10 17:22
VLAI
Title
Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer1-plugins-bad: 1-byte heap out-of-bounds read in h.264 nal extension slice parser
Summary
A flaw was found in GStreamer's gst-plugins-bad package. When processing a specially crafted H.264 video file containing malformed MVC or SVC extension slice NAL units, a 1-byte heap out-of-bounds read can occur during parsing. This happens when the parser attempts to check slice boundary information without first verifying that the NAL unit contains enough data beyond the extension header. An attacker could exploit this by tricking a user into opening a malicious H.264 video file, potentially causing the application to crash or leak a single byte of heap memory.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 13:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 968 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-22 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Ariba Afroz (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India), Dr. Faruk Kazi (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India), and Ramesh Adhikari (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India) for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12891 (GCVE-0-2026-12891)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:53 – Updated: 2026-09-10 17:23
VLAI
Title
Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer1-plugins-bad: global buffer overflow (oob read) in h.266/vvc vui parameter parser
Summary
A flaw was found in the GStreamer gst-plugins-bad package. When processing a malformed H.266/VVC video stream with a crafted aspect ratio indicator value, the H.266 parser performs an out-of-bounds read of up to 8 bytes from adjacent memory. This flaw allows an attacker to craft a malicious H.266 video file or stream that, when processed by a GStreamer-based application, could leak limited memory contents through video metadata, potentially exposing sensitive information from the application's address space.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 13:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 968 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-23 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Dr. Faruk Kazi (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India) and Ramesh Adhikari (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India) for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12891"
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          "name": "RHBZ#2491318",
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          "time": "2026-06-23T00:00:00.000Z",
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      "title": "Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer1-plugins-bad: global buffer overflow (oob read) in h.266/vvc vui parameter parser",
      "workarounds": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security\u0027s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability."
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    "datePublished": "2026-06-23T19:53:21.692Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-22T11:31:30.239Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-10T17:23:04.482Z",
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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