Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
612 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-45299 (GCVE-0-2024-45299)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-06 13:00 – Updated: 2024-09-06 14:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
alf.io's preloaded data as json is not escaped correctly
Summary
alf.io is an open source ticket reservation system for conferences, trade shows, workshops, and meetups. Prior to version 2.0-M5, the preloaded data as json is not escaped correctly, the administrator / event admin could break their own install by inserting non correctly escaped text. The Content-Security-Policy directive blocks any potential script execution. The administrator or event administrator can override the texts for customization purpose. The texts are not properly escaped. Version 2.0-M5 fixes this issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/alfio-event/alf.io/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/alfio-event/alf.io/commit/e713… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| alfio-event | alf.io |
Affected:
< 2.0-M5
|
|
| alf | alf |
Affected:
0 , < 2.0-m5
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:alf:alf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-39682 (GCVE-0-2024-39682)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-17 23:47 – Updated: 2024-08-02 04:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Cooked Plugin - Authenticated (Contributor+) HTML Injection via Recipe Excerpt
Summary
Cooked is a recipe plugin for WordPress. The Cooked plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to HTML Injection in versions up to, and including, 1.7.15.4 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers with contributor-level access and above to inject arbitrary HTML in pages that will be shown whenever a user accesses a compromised page. This issue has been addressed in release version 1.8.0. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/XjSv/Cooked/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-38475 (GCVE-0-2024-38475)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-01 18:15 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HTTP Server weakness in mod_rewrite when first segment of substitution matches filesystem path.
Summary
Improper escaping of output in mod_rewrite in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.59 and earlier allows an attacker to map URLs to filesystem locations that are permitted to be served by the server but are not intentionally/directly reachable by any URL, resulting in code execution or source code disclosure.
Substitutions in server context that use a backreferences or variables as the first segment of the substitution are affected. Some unsafe RewiteRules will be broken by this change and the rewrite flag "UnsafePrefixStat" can be used to opt back in once ensuring the substitution is appropriately constrained.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
2.4.0 , ≤ 2.4.59
(semver)
|
|
| apache | http_server |
Affected:
2.4.0 , ≤ 2.4.59
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:apache:http_server:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| netapp | ontap_9 |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:ontap_9:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-38474 (GCVE-0-2024-38474)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-01 18:14 – Updated: 2025-03-25 18:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HTTP Server weakness with encoded question marks in backreferences
Summary
Substitution encoding issue in mod_rewrite in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.59 and earlier allows attacker to execute scripts in
directories permitted by the configuration but not directly reachable by any URL or source disclosure of scripts meant to only to be executed as CGI.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.60, which fixes this issue.
Some RewriteRules that capture and substitute unsafely will now fail unless rewrite flag "UnsafeAllow3F" is specified.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
2.4.0 , ≤ 2.4.59
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-38473 (GCVE-0-2024-38473)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-01 18:14 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HTTP Server proxy encoding problem
Summary
Encoding problem in mod_proxy in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.59 and earlier allows request URLs with incorrect encoding to be sent to backend services, potentially bypassing authentication via crafted requests.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.60, which fixes this issue.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
2.4.0 , ≤ 2.4.59
(semver)
|
|
| apache_software_foundation | apache_http_server |
Affected:
2.4.0 , ≤ 2.4.59
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_http_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-38177 (GCVE-0-2024-38177)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-13 17:30 – Updated: 2025-07-10 16:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows App Installer Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
Windows App Installer Spoofing Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | App Installer |
Affected:
1.0.0.0 , < 1.22.11261.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-08-13 07:00
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CVE-2024-35225 (GCVE-0-2024-35225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-11 21:45 – Updated: 2024-08-02 03:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Jupyter Server Proxy has a reflected XSS issue in host parameter
Summary
Jupyter Server Proxy allows users to run arbitrary external processes alongside their notebook server and provide authenticated web access to them. Versions of 3.x prior to 3.2.4 and 4.x prior to 4.2.0 have a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) issue. The `/proxy` endpoint accepts a `host` path segment in the format `/proxy/<host>`. When this endpoint is called with an invalid `host` value, `jupyter-server-proxy` replies with a response that includes the value of `host`, without sanitization [2]. A third-party actor can leverage this by sending a phishing link with an invalid `host` value containing custom JavaScript to a user. When the user clicks this phishing link, the browser renders the response of `GET /proxy/<host>`, which runs the custom JavaScript contained in `host` set by the actor. As any arbitrary JavaScript can be run after the user clicks on a phishing link, this issue permits extensive access to the user's JupyterLab instance for an actor. Patches are included in versions 4.2.0 and 3.2.4. As a workaround, server operators who are unable to upgrade can disable the `jupyter-server-proxy` extension.
Severity
9.7 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyter-server-prox… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyter-server-prox… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyter-server-prox… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyter-server-prox… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jupyterhub | jupyter-server-proxy |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, < 3.2.4
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.2.0 |
|
| jupyterhub | jupyter_server_proxy |
Affected:
3.0.0
cpe:2.3:a:jupyterhub:jupyter_server_proxy:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| jupyter | jupyter_server_proxy |
Affected:
0 , < 3.2.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:jupyter_server_proxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| jupyter | jupyter_server_proxy |
Affected:
4.0.0
cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:jupyter_server_proxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| jupyter | jupyter_server_proxy |
Affected:
0 , < 4.2.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:jupyter_server_proxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-34715 (GCVE-0-2024-34715)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-29 16:35 – Updated: 2024-08-02 02:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Partial Password Exposure Vulnerability in Fides Webserver Logs
Summary
Fides is an open-source privacy engineering platform. The Fides webserver requires a connection to a hosted PostgreSQL database for persistent storage of application data. If the password used by the webserver for this database connection includes special characters such as `@` and `$`, webserver startup fails and the part of the password following the special character is exposed in webserver error logs. This is caused by improper escaping of the SQLAlchemy password string. As a result users are subject to a partial exposure of hosted database password in webserver logs. The vulnerability has been patched in Fides version `2.37.0`. Users are advised to upgrade to this version or later to secure their systems against this threat. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ethyca/fides/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ethyca/fides/commit/6ab37b1ffe… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/14/core/engines.ht… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/discussi… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-34355 (GCVE-0-2024-34355)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 14:01 – Updated: 2024-08-02 02:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TYPO3 vulnerable to an HTML Injection in the History Module
Summary
TYPO3 is an enterprise content management system. Starting in version 13.0.0 and prior to version 13.1.1, the history backend module is vulnerable to HTML injection. Although Content-Security-Policy headers effectively prevent JavaScript execution, adversaries can still inject malicious HTML markup. Exploiting this vulnerability requires a valid backend user account. TYPO3 version 13.1.1 fixes the problem described.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/commit/56afa304ba8… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-31866 (GCVE-0-2024-31866)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-09 16:09 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Zeppelin: Interpreter download command does not escape malicious code injection
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.
The attackers can execute shell scripts or malicious code by overriding configuration like ZEPPELIN_INTP_CLASSPATH_OVERRIDES.
This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: from 0.8.2 before 0.11.1.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.11.1, which fixes the issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Zeppelin |
Affected:
0.8.2 , < 0.11.1
(semver)
|
|
| apache_software_foundation | apache_zeppelin |
Affected:
0.8.2 , < 0.11.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_zeppelin:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Requirements
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.