var-201902-0644
Vulnerability from variot

When CX-Supervisor (Versions 3.42 and prior) processes project files and tampers with the value of an offset, an attacker can force the application to read a value outside of an array. Provided by OMRON Corporation CX-Supervisor Contains the following multiple vulnerabilities: * Code injection (CWE-94) - CVE-2018-19011 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. * Command injection (CWE-77) - CVE-2018-19013 By processing a specially crafted project file, files on the device and their contents are deleted. * Command injection (CWE-77) - CVE-2018-19015 By processing a specially crafted project file, the program is executed with the authority of the application, and a file on the device is created, written and read. * Use After Free ( Use of freed memory ) (CWE-416) - CVE-2018-19017 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. * Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ( Mixing of molds ) (CWE-843) - CVE-2018-19019 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. * Access of Uninitialized Pointer ( Uninitialized pointer access ) (CWE-824) - CVE-2018-19018 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on vulnerable installations of OMRON CX-Supervisor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SCS files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Omron CX-Supervisor is a visual machine controller produced by Omron Corporation of Japan. A security vulnerability exists in Omron CX-Supervisor 3.42 and earlier

Show details on source website


{
  "affected_products": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "_id": null,
        "model": "cx-supervisor",
        "scope": "lte",
        "trust": 1.0,
        "vendor": "omron",
        "version": "3.42"
      },
      {
        "_id": null,
        "model": "cx-supervisor",
        "scope": "lte",
        "trust": 0.8,
        "vendor": "omron",
        "version": "version 3.42"
      },
      {
        "_id": null,
        "model": "cx-supervisor",
        "scope": null,
        "trust": 0.7,
        "vendor": "omron",
        "version": null
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020"
      }
    ]
  },
  "configurations": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe22Uri": "cpe:/a:omron:cx-supervisor",
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      }
    ]
  },
  "credits": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": "Michael DePlante of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative",
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173"
      }
    ],
    "trust": 0.7
  },
  "cve": "CVE-2018-19020",
  "cvss": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "cvssV2": [
          {
            "acInsufInfo": null,
            "accessComplexity": "Medium",
            "accessVector": "Local",
            "authentication": "Single",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "Complete",
            "baseScore": 6.6,
            "confidentialityImpact": "Complete",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "Complete",
            "obtainAllPrivilege": null,
            "obtainOtherPrivilege": null,
            "obtainUserPrivilege": null,
            "severity": "Medium",
            "trust": 3.2,
            "userInteractionRequired": null,
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          {
            "accessComplexity": "MEDIUM",
            "accessVector": "NETWORK",
            "authentication": "SINGLE",
            "author": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 3.5,
            "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
            "exploitabilityScore": 6.8,
            "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
            "impactScore": 2.9,
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "severity": "LOW",
            "trust": 1.0,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          {
            "acInsufInfo": null,
            "accessComplexity": "High",
            "accessVector": "Local",
            "authentication": "Single",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "Complete",
            "baseScore": 4.5,
            "confidentialityImpact": "None",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "Partial",
            "obtainAllPrivilege": null,
            "obtainOtherPrivilege": null,
            "obtainUserPrivilege": null,
            "severity": "Medium",
            "trust": 0.8,
            "userInteractionRequired": null,
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          {
            "acInsufInfo": null,
            "accessComplexity": "High",
            "accessVector": "Local",
            "authentication": "Single",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "Complete",
            "baseScore": 6.0,
            "confidentialityImpact": "Complete",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "Complete",
            "obtainAllPrivilege": null,
            "obtainOtherPrivilege": null,
            "obtainUserPrivilege": null,
            "severity": "Medium",
            "trust": 0.8,
            "userInteractionRequired": null,
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          {
            "acInsufInfo": null,
            "accessComplexity": "Low",
            "accessVector": "Local",
            "authentication": "Single",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "None",
            "baseScore": 1.7,
            "confidentialityImpact": "Partial",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "None",
            "obtainAllPrivilege": null,
            "obtainOtherPrivilege": null,
            "obtainUserPrivilege": null,
            "severity": "Low",
            "trust": 0.8,
            "userInteractionRequired": null,
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          {
            "accessComplexity": "MEDIUM",
            "accessVector": "NETWORK",
            "authentication": "SINGLE",
            "author": "VULHUB",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 3.5,
            "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
            "exploitabilityScore": 6.8,
            "id": "VHN-129638",
            "impactScore": 2.9,
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "severity": "LOW",
            "trust": 0.1,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/AU:S/C:P/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        ],
        "cvssV3": [
          {
            "attackComplexity": "Low",
            "attackVector": "Local",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "High",
            "baseScore": 7.3,
            "baseSeverity": "High",
            "confidentialityImpact": "High",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "High",
            "privilegesRequired": "Low",
            "scope": "Unchanged",
            "trust": 3.2,
            "userInteraction": "Required",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "author": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.0,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "exploitabilityScore": 1.3,
            "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
            "impactScore": 3.6,
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "trust": 1.0,
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          {
            "attackComplexity": "High",
            "attackVector": "Local",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "High",
            "baseScore": 5.0,
            "baseSeverity": "Medium",
            "confidentialityImpact": "None",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "Low",
            "privilegesRequired": "Low",
            "scope": "Unchanged",
            "trust": 0.8,
            "userInteraction": "Required",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          {
            "attackComplexity": "High",
            "attackVector": "Local",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "High",
            "baseScore": 6.7,
            "baseSeverity": "Medium",
            "confidentialityImpact": "High",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "High",
            "privilegesRequired": "Low",
            "scope": "Unchanged",
            "trust": 0.8,
            "userInteraction": "Required",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          {
            "attackComplexity": "Low",
            "attackVector": "Local",
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "availabilityImpact": "None",
            "baseScore": 2.8,
            "baseSeverity": "Low",
            "confidentialityImpact": "Low",
            "exploitabilityScore": null,
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "impactScore": null,
            "integrityImpact": "None",
            "privilegesRequired": "Low",
            "scope": "Unchanged",
            "trust": 0.8,
            "userInteraction": "Required",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "author": "ZDI",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 3.3,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
            "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
            "impactScore": 1.4,
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "trust": 0.7,
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        ],
        "severity": [
          {
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "trust": 3.2,
            "value": "High"
          },
          {
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "trust": 1.6,
            "value": "Medium"
          },
          {
            "author": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
            "trust": 1.0,
            "value": "MEDIUM"
          },
          {
            "author": "JPCERT/CC",
            "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
            "trust": 0.8,
            "value": "Low"
          },
          {
            "author": "ZDI",
            "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
            "trust": 0.7,
            "value": "LOW"
          },
          {
            "author": "CNNVD",
            "id": "CNNVD-201902-511",
            "trust": 0.6,
            "value": "MEDIUM"
          },
          {
            "author": "VULHUB",
            "id": "VHN-129638",
            "trust": 0.1,
            "value": "LOW"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173"
      },
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511"
      },
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": "When CX-Supervisor (Versions 3.42 and prior) processes project files and tampers with the value of an offset, an attacker can force the application to read a value outside of an array. Provided by OMRON Corporation CX-Supervisor Contains the following multiple vulnerabilities: * Code injection (CWE-94) - CVE-2018-19011 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. * Command injection (CWE-77) - CVE-2018-19013 By processing a specially crafted project file, files on the device and their contents are deleted. * Command injection (CWE-77) - CVE-2018-19015 By processing a specially crafted project file, the program is executed with the authority of the application, and a file on the device is created, written and read. * Use After Free ( Use of freed memory ) (CWE-416) - CVE-2018-19017 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. * Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ( Mixing of molds ) (CWE-843) - CVE-2018-19019 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. * Access of Uninitialized Pointer ( Uninitialized pointer access ) (CWE-824) - CVE-2018-19018 By processing a specially crafted project file, arbitrary code can be executed with application privileges. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on vulnerable installations of OMRON CX-Supervisor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SCS files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Omron CX-Supervisor is a visual machine controller produced by Omron Corporation of Japan. A security vulnerability exists in Omron CX-Supervisor 3.42 and earlier",
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173"
      },
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638"
      }
    ],
    "trust": 2.34
  },
  "external_ids": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
        "trust": 3.2
      },
      {
        "db": "ICS CERT",
        "id": "ICSA-19-017-01",
        "trust": 2.5
      },
      {
        "db": "JVN",
        "id": "JVNVU90014171",
        "trust": 0.8
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
        "trust": 0.8
      },
      {
        "db": "ZDI_CAN",
        "id": "ZDI-CAN-7464",
        "trust": 0.7
      },
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173",
        "trust": 0.7
      },
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511",
        "trust": 0.7
      },
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638",
        "trust": 0.1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173"
      },
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511"
      },
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020"
      }
    ]
  },
  "id": "VAR-201902-0644",
  "iot": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": true,
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638"
      }
    ],
    "trust": 0.6707546999999999
  },
  "last_update_date": "2024-11-23T22:21:50.945000Z",
  "patch": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "title": "Release Notes For CX-Supervisor 3.5",
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://www.myomron.com/index.php?action=kb\u0026article=1711"
      },
      {
        "title": "Omron has issued an update to correct this vulnerability.",
        "trust": 0.7,
        "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-017-01"
      },
      {
        "title": "Omron CX-Supervisor Security vulnerabilities",
        "trust": 0.6,
        "url": "http://www.cnnvd.org.cn/web/xxk/bdxqById.tag?id=89322"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511"
      }
    ]
  },
  "problemtype_data": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "problemtype": "CWE-125",
        "trust": 1.1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638"
      },
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020"
      }
    ]
  },
  "references": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "trust": 3.2,
        "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/icsa-19-017-01"
      },
      {
        "trust": 1.4,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2018-19020"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2018-19019"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2018-19018"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2018-19020"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2018-19011"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2018-19013"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2018-19015"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2018-19017"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://jvn.jp/vu/jvnvu90014171/"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2018-19019"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2018-19018"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2018-19011"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2018-19013"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2018-19015"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2018-19017"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173"
      },
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638"
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      },
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511"
      },
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020"
      }
    ]
  },
  "sources": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
        "ident": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "sources_release_date": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "date": "2019-02-08T00:00:00",
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2019-02-12T00:00:00",
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2019-01-21T00:00:00",
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2019-02-12T00:00:00",
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2019-02-12T22:29:00.407000",
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
        "ident": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "sources_update_date": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": [
      {
        "date": "2019-02-08T00:00:00",
        "db": "ZDI",
        "id": "ZDI-19-173",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2019-10-09T00:00:00",
        "db": "VULHUB",
        "id": "VHN-129638",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2019-08-27T00:00:00",
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00",
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511",
        "ident": null
      },
      {
        "date": "2024-11-21T03:57:10.860000",
        "db": "NVD",
        "id": "CVE-2018-19020",
        "ident": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "threat_type": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": "local",
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511"
      }
    ],
    "trust": 0.6
  },
  "title": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": "OMRON  CX-Supervisor Multiple vulnerabilities in",
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "JVNDB",
        "id": "JVNDB-2019-001051"
      }
    ],
    "trust": 0.8
  },
  "type": {
    "_id": null,
    "data": "buffer error",
    "sources": [
      {
        "db": "CNNVD",
        "id": "CNNVD-201902-511"
      }
    ],
    "trust": 0.6
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.