Vulnerability-Lookup

rlsa-2026:36957

Vulnerability from osv_rocky

Published

2026-07-13 00:03

Modified

2026-07-27 00:08

Summary

Important: kernel security update

Details

The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.

Security Fix(es):

kernel: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change (CVE-2025-71066)
kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN (CVE-2026-46113)
kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role (CVE-2026-53359)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Credits

Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation

Red Hat

References

URL

Type

	https://errata.rockylinux.org/RLSA-2026:36957	ADVISORY
	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2429036	REPORT
	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482587	REPORT
	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2497033	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Rocky Linux:9",
        "name": "kernel",
        "purl": "pkg:rpm/rocky-linux/kernel?distro=rocky-linux-9\u0026epoch=0"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "database_specific": {
            "yum_repository": "BaseOS"
          },
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0:5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "credits": [
    {
      "name": "Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation"
    },
    {
      "name": "Red Hat"
    }
  ],
  "details": "The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* kernel: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change (CVE-2025-71066)\n\n* kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN (CVE-2026-46113)\n\n* kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role (CVE-2026-53359)\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.",
  "id": "RLSA-2026:36957",
  "modified": "2026-07-27T00:08:15.823525Z",
  "published": "2026-07-13T00:03:36.461878Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://errata.rockylinux.org/RLSA-2026:36957"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2429036"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482587"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2497033"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Important: kernel security update",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-71066",
    "CVE-2026-46113",
    "CVE-2026-53359"
  ]
}

CVE-2025-71066 (GCVE-0-2025-71066)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:11

Title

net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com says: The vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and `ets_qdisc_change`. It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object. Attacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace in order to trigger the bug. See my additional commentary at the end of the analysis. Analysis: static int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack) { ... // (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`) //to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`) sch_tree_lock(sch); for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist); qdisc_purge_queue(q->classes[i].qdisc); } WRITE_ONCE(q->nbands, nbands); for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) { if (q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) { // (2) the class is added to the q->active list_add_tail(&q->classes[i].alist, &q->active); q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i]; } } WRITE_ONCE(q->nstrict, nstrict); memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap)); for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++) WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]); for (i = oldbands; i < q->nbands; i++) { q->classes[i].qdisc = queues[i]; if (q->classes[i].qdisc != &noop_qdisc) qdisc_hash_add(q->classes[i].qdisc, true); } // (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel // to the rest of .change handler sch_tree_unlock(sch); ets_offload_change(sch); for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { // (4) we're reducing the refcount for our class's qdisc and // freeing it qdisc_put(q->classes[i].qdisc); // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have // a strong UAF and we can control RIP q->classes[i].qdisc = NULL; WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, 0); q->classes[i].deficit = 0; gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(&q->classes[i].bstats); memset(&q->classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q->classes[i].qstats)); } return 0; } Comment: This happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to NULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always removing the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its associated qdisc Reproducer Steps (trimmed version of what was sent by zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com) ``` DEV="${DEV:-lo}" ROOT_HANDLE="${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}" BAND2_HANDLE="${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}" # child under 1:2 PING_BYTES="${PING_BYTES:-48}" PING_COUNT="${PING_COUNT:-200000}" PING_DST="${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}" SLOW_TBF_RATE="${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}" SLOW_TBF_BURST="${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}" SLOW_TBF_LAT="${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}" cleanup() { tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null } trap cleanup EXIT ip link set "$DEV" up tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null || true tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" parent 1:2 handle "$BAND2_HANDLE" \ tbf rate "$SLOW_TBF_RATE" burst "$SLOW_TBF_BURST" latency "$SLOW_TBF_LAT" tc filter add dev "$DEV" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV ping -I "$DEV" -f -c "$PING_COUNT" -s "$PING_BYTES" -W 0.001 "$PING_DST" \ >/dev/null 2>&1 & tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 0 tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" parent ---truncated---

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Assigner

Linux

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/062d5d544e5644734…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7f6e7cc14df72b99…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a75d617a4ef08682f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9987cda315c08f63a…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06bfb66a7c8b45e3f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45466141da3c98a0c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce052b9402e461a9a…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: ae2659d2c670252759ee9c823c4e039c0e05a6f2 , < 062d5d544e564473450d72e6af83077c2b2ff7c3 (git) Affected: e25bdbc7e951ae5728fee1f4c09485df113d013c , < c7f6e7cc14df72b997258216e99d897d2df0dbbd (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < a75d617a4ef08682f5cfaadc01d5141c87e019c9 (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < 9987cda315c08f63a02423fa2f9a1f6602c861a0 (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < 06bfb66a7c8b45e3fed01351a4b087410ae5ef39 (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < 45466141da3c98a0c5fa88be0bc14b4b6a4bd75c (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < ce052b9402e461a9aded599f5b47e76bc727f7de (git) Affected: 5.10.83 , < 5.10.248 (semver) Affected: 5.15.6 , < 5.15.198 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.16 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.16 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.64 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.3 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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JSON

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{
  "containers": {
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      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
              "attackVector": "LOCAL",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.5,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
              "scope": "CHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
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                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
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                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-22T03:55:51.470582Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-362",
                "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (\u0027Race Condition\u0027)",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-22T12:50:15.711Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
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          "product": "Linux",
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          "versions": [
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              "version": "5.16"
            },
            {
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.160",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.120",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.64",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.19",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.248",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.83",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                },
                {
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              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change\n\nzdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com says:\n\nThe vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and\n`ets_qdisc_change`.  It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object.\nAttacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace\nin order to trigger the bug.\nSee my additional commentary at the end of the analysis.\n\nAnalysis:\n\nstatic int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,\n                          struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)\n{\n...\n\n      // (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`)\n      //to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`)\n      sch_tree_lock(sch);\n\n      for (i = nbands; i \u003c oldbands; i++) {\n              if (i \u003e= q-\u003enstrict \u0026\u0026 q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc-\u003eq.qlen)\n                      list_del_init(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].alist);\n              qdisc_purge_queue(q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc);\n      }\n\n      WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003enbands, nbands);\n      for (i = nstrict; i \u003c q-\u003enstrict; i++) {\n              if (q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc-\u003eq.qlen) {\n\t\t      // (2) the class is added to the q-\u003eactive\n                      list_add_tail(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].alist, \u0026q-\u003eactive);\n                      q-\u003eclasses[i].deficit = quanta[i];\n              }\n      }\n      WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003enstrict, nstrict);\n      memcpy(q-\u003eprio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap));\n\n      for (i = 0; i \u003c q-\u003enbands; i++)\n              WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003eclasses[i].quantum, quanta[i]);\n\n      for (i = oldbands; i \u003c q-\u003enbands; i++) {\n              q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc = queues[i];\n              if (q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc != \u0026noop_qdisc)\n                      qdisc_hash_add(q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc, true);\n      }\n\n      // (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel\n      // to the rest of .change handler\n      sch_tree_unlock(sch);\n\n      ets_offload_change(sch);\n      for (i = q-\u003enbands; i \u003c oldbands; i++) {\n\t      // (4) we\u0027re reducing the refcount for our class\u0027s qdisc and\n\t      //  freeing it\n              qdisc_put(q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc);\n\t      // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have\n\t      // a strong UAF and we can control RIP\n              q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc = NULL;\n              WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003eclasses[i].quantum, 0);\n              q-\u003eclasses[i].deficit = 0;\n              gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].bstats);\n              memset(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q-\u003eclasses[i].qstats));\n      }\n      return 0;\n}\n\nComment:\nThis happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to\nNULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always\nremoving the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its\nassociated qdisc\n\nReproducer Steps\n(trimmed version of what was sent by zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com)\n\n```\nDEV=\"${DEV:-lo}\"\nROOT_HANDLE=\"${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}\"\nBAND2_HANDLE=\"${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}\"   # child under 1:2\nPING_BYTES=\"${PING_BYTES:-48}\"\nPING_COUNT=\"${PING_COUNT:-200000}\"\nPING_DST=\"${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}\"\n\nSLOW_TBF_RATE=\"${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}\"\nSLOW_TBF_BURST=\"${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}\"\nSLOW_TBF_LAT=\"${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}\"\n\ncleanup() {\n  tc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2\u003e/dev/null\n}\ntrap cleanup EXIT\n\nip link set \"$DEV\" up\n\ntc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2\u003e/dev/null || true\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 2\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1:2 handle \"$BAND2_HANDLE\" \\\n  tbf rate \"$SLOW_TBF_RATE\" burst \"$SLOW_TBF_BURST\" latency \"$SLOW_TBF_LAT\"\n\ntc filter add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2\ntc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV\n\nping -I \"$DEV\" -f -c \"$PING_COUNT\" -s \"$PING_BYTES\" -W 0.001 \"$PING_DST\" \\\n  \u003e/dev/null 2\u003e\u00261 \u0026\ntc qdisc change dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 0\ntc qdisc change dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 2\ntc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV\ntc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" parent \n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local rtnetlink qdisc configuration and locally generated traffic reaching the ETS dequeue path.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both racing paths by issuing qdisc changes while driving packet dequeue, and can deterministically create the stale active-list state. Although the UAF window is narrow, preemptible, RT, or virtualized scheduling makes it plausible, and the higher-severity tie-break requires L.\nPR:L - RTM_NEWQDISC requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in the target network namespace. An unprivileged user can obtain that capability by creating user and network namespaces on deployments permitting unprivileged user namespaces.\nUI:N - No victim action is required after the attacker configures ETS and generates concurrent traffic.\nS:U - The corruption and resulting kernel compromise occur within the Linux kernel\u2019s existing security authority; standard namespace escape or kernel privilege escalation does not change CVSS scope.\nC:H - The freed Qdisc can be reclaimed with attacker-influenced contents and dereferenced through its operations pointer, supporting kernel memory disclosure primitives.\nI:H - The UAF reaches an indirect peek function call through the freed Qdisc operations pointer, making control-flow hijacking and arbitrary kernel modification defensible.\nA:H - The flaw demonstrably causes a KASAN use-after-free or NULL-pointer kernel oops and can produce a kernel panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:11:49.113Z",
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a75d617a4ef08682f5cfaadc01d5141c87e019c9"
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71066",
    "datePublished": "2026-01-13T15:31:21.931Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:30:19.646Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:11:49.113Z",
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}

CVE-2026-46113 (GCVE-0-2026-46113)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 09:35 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:29

Title

KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN The shadow MMU computes GFNs for direct shadow pages using sp->gfn plus the SPTE index. This assumption breaks for shadow paging if the guest page tables are modified between VM entries (similar to commit aad885e77496, "KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE", 2026-03-27). The flow is as follows: - a PDE is installed for a 2MB mapping, and a page in that area is accessed. KVM creates a kvm_mmu_page consisting of 512 4KB pages; the kvm_mmu_page is marked by FNAME(fetch) as direct-mapped because the guest's mapping is a huge page (and thus contiguous). - the PDE mapping is changed from outside the guest. - the guest accesses another page in the same 2MB area. KVM installs a new leaf SPTE and rmap entry; the SPTE uses the "correct" GFN (i.e. based on the new mapping, as changed in the previous step) but that GFN is outside of the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range; therefore the rmap entry cannot be found and removed when the kvm_mmu_page is zapped. - the memslot that covers the first 2MB mapping is deleted, and the kvm_mmu_page for the now-invalid GPA is zapped. However, rmap_remove() only looks at the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range established in step 1, and fails to find the rmap entry that was recorded by step 3. - any operation that causes an rmap walk for the same page accessed by step 3 then walks a stale rmap and dereferences a freed kvm_mmu_page. This includes dirty logging or MMU notifier invalidations (e.g., from MADV_DONTNEED). The underlying issue is that KVM's walking of shadow PTEs assumes that if a SPTE is present when KVM wants to install a non-leaf SPTE, then the existing kvm_mmu_page must be for the correct gfn. Because the only way for the gfn to be wrong is if KVM messed up and failed to zap a SPTE... which shouldn't happen, but *actually* only happens in response to a guest write. That bug dates back literally forever, as even the first version of KVM assumes that the GFN matches and walks into the "wrong" shadow page. However, that was only an imprecision until 2032a93d66fa ("KVM: MMU: Don't allocate gfns page for direct mmu pages") came along. Fix it by checking for a target gfn mismatch and zapping the existing SPTE. That way the old SP and rmap entries are gone, KVM installs the rmap in the right location, and everyone is happy.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9d4ea13aa2b6400b…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/488e386484ec8c0e5…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06c19c967b845b631…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/738ec97b1855df6c0…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14d1e55dfd2cf4711…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cb2af2ea66ad8ff1…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < e9d4ea13aa2b6400bb10ec64b370ba3dadcd22f0 (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 488e386484ec8c0e558be6e156edf34ed9f4d5c8 (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 06c19c967b845b63172601fe459667d973b7e6b7 (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 738ec97b1855df6c08fe2369f798fa0b972e556b (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 14d1e55dfd2cf4711bff164a6aaaddb783552134 (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 0cb2af2ea66ad8ff195c156ea690f11216285bdf (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.20 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.20 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.140 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.88 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.30 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0.7 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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          "programFiles": [
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN\n\nThe shadow MMU computes GFNs for direct shadow pages using sp-\u003egfn plus\nthe SPTE index. This assumption breaks for shadow paging if the guest\npage tables are modified between VM entries (similar to commit\naad885e77496, \"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even\nwhen creating an MMIO SPTE\", 2026-03-27).  The flow is as follows:\n\n- a PDE is installed for a 2MB mapping, and a page in that area is\n  accessed.  KVM creates a kvm_mmu_page consisting of 512 4KB pages;\n  the kvm_mmu_page is marked by FNAME(fetch) as direct-mapped because\n  the guest\u0027s mapping is a huge page (and thus contiguous).\n\n- the PDE mapping is changed from outside the guest.\n\n- the guest accesses another page in the same 2MB area.  KVM installs\n  a new leaf SPTE and rmap entry; the SPTE uses the \"correct\" GFN\n  (i.e. based on the new mapping, as changed in the previous step) but\n  that GFN is outside of the [sp-\u003egfn, sp-\u003egfn + 511] range; therefore\n  the rmap entry cannot be found and removed when the kvm_mmu_page\n  is zapped.\n\n- the memslot that covers the first 2MB mapping is deleted, and the\n  kvm_mmu_page for the now-invalid GPA is zapped.  However, rmap_remove()\n  only looks at the [sp-\u003egfn, sp-\u003egfn + 511] range established in step 1,\n  and fails to find the rmap entry that was recorded by step 3.\n\n- any operation that causes an rmap walk for the same page accessed\n  by step 3 then walks a stale rmap and dereferences a freed kvm_mmu_page.\n  This includes dirty logging or MMU notifier invalidations (e.g., from\n  MADV_DONTNEED).\n\nThe underlying issue is that KVM\u0027s walking of shadow PTEs assumes that\nif a SPTE is present when KVM wants to install a non-leaf SPTE, then the\nexisting kvm_mmu_page must be for the correct gfn.  Because the only way\nfor the gfn to be wrong is if KVM messed up and failed to zap a SPTE...\nwhich shouldn\u0027t happen, but *actually* only happens in response to a\nguest write.\n\nThat bug dates back literally forever, as even the first version of KVM\nassumes that the GFN matches and walks into the \"wrong\" shadow page.\nHowever, that was only an imprecision until 2032a93d66fa (\"KVM: MMU:\nDon\u0027t allocate gfns page for direct mmu pages\") came along.\n\nFix it by checking for a target gfn mismatch and zapping the existing\nSPTE.  That way the old SP and rmap entries are gone, KVM installs\nthe rmap in the right location, and everyone is happy."
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              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires executing code inside a guest VM that takes shadow-paging page faults on the host CPU; there is no network protocol involved, so the vulnerable host MMU code is reached via local guest execution.\nAC:L - The guest deterministically controls its page-table contents and vCPU scheduling to create the mis-GFN\u0027d rmap, and the commit confirms the condition \"only happens in response to a guest write\"; the attacker can also drive the memslot-delete and rmap-walk triggers (BAR reprogramming, balloon/MADV_DONTNEED), so no condition lies beyond attacker control.\nPR:L - From the host\u0027s (vulnerable component\u0027s) perspective the attacker only needs the low privilege of running a guest VM, consistent with how guest-to-host KVM bugs are scored in this tree; full host-root is not required.\nUI:N - The malicious guest triggers the UAF autonomously through its own memory accesses and page-table edits with no action required from any host operator.\nS:C - A guest-context attacker corrupts host-kernel memory, crossing the VM/hypervisor security boundary into the host\u0027s authority (VM-escape class), exactly as other KVM guest-to-host issues are scored.\nC:H - The use-after-free leaves a stale rmap pointing at a freed kvm_mmu_page whose contents the attacker can reclaim/spray, yielding an arbitrary host-kernel read primitive.\nI:H - The stale rmap walk operates (drop_spte/write-protect/etc.) on attacker-reclaimed freed memory, providing a write/control-flow-hijack primitive in the host kernel \u2014 i.e. full host integrity compromise.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed kvm_mmu_page during dirty logging or MMU-notifier invalidation reliably crashes/panics the host kernel, taking down the hypervisor and all co-resident guests."
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CVE-2026-53359 (GCVE-0-2026-53359)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-04 11:51 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:35

Title

KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role Commit 0cb2af2ea66ad ("KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN") fixed a shadow paging mismatch between stored and computed GFNs; the bug could be triggered by changing a PDE mapping from outside the guest, and then deleting a memslot. The rmap_remove() call would miss entries created after the PDE change because the GFN of the leaf SPTE does not match the GFN of the struct kvm_mmu_page. A similar hole however remains if the modified PDE points to a non-leaf page. In this case the gfn can be made to match, but the role does not match: the original large 2MB page creates a kvm_mmu_page with direct=1, while the new 4KB needs a kvm_mmu_page with direct=0. However, kvm_mmu_get_child_sp() does not compare the role, and therefore reuses the page. The next step is installing a leaf (4KB) SPTE on the new path which records an rmap entry under the gfn resolved by the walk. But when that child is zapped its parent kvm_mmu_page has direct=1 and kvm_mmu_page_get_gfn() computes the gfn for the 4KB page as sp->gfn + index instead of using sp->shadowed_translation[] (or sp->gfns[] in older kernels). It therefore fails to remove the recorded entry. When the memslot is dropped the shadow page is freed but the rmap entry survives, as in the scenario that was already fixed. Code that later walks that gfn (dirty logging, MMU notifier invalidation, and so on) dereferences an sptep that lies in the freed page, causing the use-after-free.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-416 - Use After Free

Assigner

Linux

References

8 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1337aae5e194324e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9291654d69e08542d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ad3afa40ac6aa340…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e470998a23e4c3d8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ae7d5a6db6c190ce…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/81ccda30b4e83d8f5…
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/06/7
https://github.com/V4bel/Januscape/blob/main/asse…	exploit

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < b1337aae5e194324e4810d561764e7793f8b3864 (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 9291654d69e08542de37755cebe4d5b02c3170d1 (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 2ad3afa40ac6aa340dada122f9abfa46c0a6eb35 (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 5e470998a23e4c3d89ed24e8172cb22747e61efa (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 1ae7d5a6db6c190ce183e3098ca0e0846e14d462 (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 81ccda30b4e83d8f5cc4fd50503c44e3a33abfeb (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.36 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.36 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.177 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.144 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.95 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.38 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1.3 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T18:38:14.568Z",
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        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-416",
                "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-29T18:22:55.066Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/V4bel/Januscape/blob/main/assets/write-up.md"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "b1337aae5e194324e4810d561764e7793f8b3864",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9291654d69e08542de37755cebe4d5b02c3170d1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2ad3afa40ac6aa340dada122f9abfa46c0a6eb35",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5e470998a23e4c3d89ed24e8172cb22747e61efa",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1ae7d5a6db6c190ce183e3098ca0e0846e14d462",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "81ccda30b4e83d8f5cc4fd50503c44e3a33abfeb",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.36"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.36",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.177",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.144",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.95",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.38",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2-rc1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.177",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.144",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.95",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.38",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2-rc1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role\n\nCommit 0cb2af2ea66ad (\"KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due\nto unexpected GFN\") fixed a shadow paging mismatch between stored and\ncomputed GFNs; the bug could be triggered by changing a PDE mapping from\noutside the guest, and then deleting a memslot.  The rmap_remove()\ncall would miss entries created after the PDE change because the GFN\nof the leaf SPTE does not match the GFN of the struct kvm_mmu_page.\n\nA similar hole however remains if the modified PDE points to a non-leaf\npage.  In this case the gfn can be made to match, but the role does not\nmatch: the original large 2MB page creates a kvm_mmu_page with direct=1,\nwhile the new 4KB needs a kvm_mmu_page with direct=0.  However,\nkvm_mmu_get_child_sp() does not compare the role, and therefore reuses\nthe page.\n\nThe next step is installing a leaf (4KB) SPTE on the new path which\nrecords an rmap entry under the gfn resolved by the walk.  But when\nthat child is zapped its parent kvm_mmu_page has direct=1 and\nkvm_mmu_page_get_gfn() computes the gfn for the 4KB page as\nsp-\u003egfn + index instead of using sp-\u003eshadowed_translation[] (or sp-\u003egfns[]\nin older kernels).  It therefore fails to remove the recorded entry.\n\nWhen the memslot is dropped the shadow page is freed but the rmap\nentry survives, as in the scenario that was already fixed.  Code that\nlater walks that gfn (dirty logging, MMU notifier invalidation, and\nso on) dereferences an sptep that lies in the freed page, causing the\nuse-after-free."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached through local KVM guest execution/KVM ioctls and shadow-MMU page fault handling, not by network packets or adjacent/physical input. In the highest reasonable scenario, an attacker runs code in a guest on an x86 KVM host with shadow paging/nested virtualization exposed.\nAC:L - The bug is a deterministic role-confusion/use-after-free in shadow page reuse, and the attacker can drive the guest mapping changes and later rmap walks needed to hit it. No condition outside attacker influence is required once the vulnerable KVM configuration is present.\nPR:L - The attacker needs the ability to run code in a KVM guest or otherwise access KVM VM execution interfaces, but does not need host root or administrative privileges. This is low privilege relative to the host security boundary.\nUI:N - No victim user action is required after the attacker-controlled guest or KVM workload is running. The trigger is caused by guest execution and KVM memory-management operations.\nS:C - This is a KVM guest-to-host escape class vulnerability, crossing from the guest security authority into the host kernel/hypervisor. Compromise can affect resources outside the guest\u2019s own scope.\nC:H - The stale rmap entry dereferences an SPTE pointer in freed shadow-page memory, creating a kernel use-after-free. Such memory corruption can be leveraged for host kernel information disclosure and arbitrary memory access.\nI:H - The use-after-free can corrupt host kernel shadow-MMU/rmap state and provides a plausible path to host kernel code execution or arbitrary modification. Public analysis treats this as a KVM escape class issue, so high integrity impact is defensible.\nA:H - At minimum, walking the stale rmap can dereference freed memory and crash or panic the host kernel. A malicious guest can repeatedly trigger the condition, causing high availability impact to the host and colocated guests."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:35:08.798Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1337aae5e194324e4810d561764e7793f8b3864"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9291654d69e08542de37755cebe4d5b02c3170d1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ad3afa40ac6aa340dada122f9abfa46c0a6eb35"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e470998a23e4c3d89ed24e8172cb22747e61efa"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ae7d5a6db6c190ce183e3098ca0e0846e14d462"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/81ccda30b4e83d8f5cc4fd50503c44e3a33abfeb"
        }
      ],
      "title": "KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-53359",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-04T11:51:49.052Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-09T07:44:35.400Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:35:08.798Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.

Action not permitted

rlsa-2026:36957

Vulnerability from osv_rocky

CVE-2025-71066 (GCVE-0-2025-71066)

CVE-2026-46113 (GCVE-0-2026-46113)

CVE-2026-53359 (GCVE-0-2026-53359)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature