Vulnerability-Lookup

OESA-2025-1974 (CVE-2025-5994)

Vulnerability from osv_openeuler – Published: 2025-08-08 11:09 – Updated: 2026-08-06 11:09 – Source website

Summary

unbound security update

Details

Unbound is a validating, recursive, caching DNS resolver. It is designed to be fast and lean and incorporates modern features based on open standards. To help increase online privacy, Unbound supports DNS-over-TLS which allows clients to encrypt their communication. Unbound is available for most platforms such as FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, MacOS, Linux and Microsoft Windows. Unbound is a totally free, open source software under the BSD license. It doesn't make custom builds or provide specific features to paying customers only.

Security Fix(es):

NLnet Unbound is an open source DNS server for the Netherlands NLnet team. NLnet Unbound has a security vulnerability that originates from the risk of cache poisoning when supporting EDNS Client Subnet, which may lead to Rebirthday attacks.(CVE-2025-5994)

Severity

7.5 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

References

URL

Type

	https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bu…	ADVISORY
	https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5994	ADVISORY

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "aarch64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.aarch64.rpm",
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          "unbound-libs-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.aarch64.rpm"
        ],
        "src": [
          "unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.src.rpm"
        ],
        "x86_64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm",
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          "unbound-debugsource-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-help-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-libs-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm"
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "openEuler:22.03-LTS-SP3",
        "name": "unbound",
        "purl": "pkg:rpm/openEuler/unbound\u0026distro=openEuler-22.03-LTS-SP3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.13.2-18.oe2203sp3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "aarch64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.aarch64.rpm",
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        ],
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          "unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.src.rpm"
        ],
        "x86_64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.x86_64.rpm",
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          "unbound-debugsource-1.13.2-18.oe2203sp4.x86_64.rpm",
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      },
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        }
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          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.17.1-12.oe2403.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.17.1-12.oe2403.aarch64.rpm",
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          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
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          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
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          "unbound-libs-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-utils-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm"
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          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403.src.rpm",
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.src.rpm",
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.src.rpm"
        ],
        "x86_64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403.x86_64.rpm",
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          "unbound-libs-1.17.1-12.oe2403.x86_64.rpm",
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          "python3-unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
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          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-help-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-libs-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-utils-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm"
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "openEuler:24.03-LTS",
        "name": "unbound",
        "purl": "pkg:rpm/openEuler/unbound\u0026distro=openEuler-24.03-LTS"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "aarch64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
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          "unbound-libs-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-utils-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.aarch64.rpm"
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          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-help-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-libs-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-utils-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1.x86_64.rpm"
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "openEuler:24.03-LTS-SP1",
        "name": "unbound",
        "purl": "pkg:rpm/openEuler/unbound\u0026distro=openEuler-24.03-LTS-SP1"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.17.1-12.oe2403sp1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "aarch64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-help-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-libs-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-utils-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.aarch64.rpm"
        ],
        "src": [
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.src.rpm"
        ],
        "x86_64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-anchor-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-help-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-libs-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-utils-1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2.x86_64.rpm"
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "openEuler:24.03-LTS-SP2",
        "name": "unbound",
        "purl": "pkg:rpm/openEuler/unbound\u0026distro=openEuler-24.03-LTS-SP2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.17.1-12.oe2403sp2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "aarch64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-help-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.aarch64.rpm",
          "unbound-libs-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.aarch64.rpm"
        ],
        "src": [
          "unbound-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.src.rpm"
        ],
        "x86_64": [
          "python3-unbound-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debuginfo-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-debugsource-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-devel-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-help-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.x86_64.rpm",
          "unbound-libs-1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4.x86_64.rpm"
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "openEuler:20.03-LTS-SP4",
        "name": "unbound",
        "purl": "pkg:rpm/openEuler/unbound\u0026distro=openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP4"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.11.0-18.oe2003sp4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "severity": "High"
  },
  "details": "Unbound is a validating, recursive, caching DNS resolver. It is designed to be fast and lean and incorporates modern features based on open standards. To help increase online privacy, Unbound supports DNS-over-TLS which allows clients to encrypt their communication. Unbound is available for most platforms such as FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, MacOS, Linux and Microsoft Windows. Unbound is a totally free, open source software under the BSD license. It doesn\u0026amp;apos;t make custom builds or provide specific features to paying customers only.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nNLnet Unbound is an open source DNS server for the Netherlands NLnet team.\n NLnet Unbound has a security vulnerability that originates from the risk of cache poisoning when supporting EDNS Client Subnet, which may lead to Rebirthday attacks.(CVE-2025-5994)",
  "id": "OESA-2025-1974",
  "modified": "2026-08-06T11:09:03Z",
  "published": "2025-08-08T11:09:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-1974"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5994"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.7.2",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "unbound security update",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-5994"
  ]
}

CVE-2025-5994 (GCVE-0-2025-5994)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-16 14:38 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13

Title

Cache poisoning via the ECS-enabled Rebirthday Attack

Summary

A multi-vendor cache poisoning vulnerability named 'Rebirthday Attack' has been discovered in caching resolvers that support EDNS Client Subnet (ECS). Unbound is also vulnerable when compiled with ECS support, i.e., '--enable-subnet', AND configured to send ECS information along with queries to upstream name servers, i.e., at least one of the 'send-client-subnet', 'client-subnet-zone' or 'client-subnet-always-forward' options is used. Resolvers supporting ECS need to segregate outgoing queries to accommodate for different outgoing ECS information. This re-opens up resolvers to a birthday paradox attack (Rebirthday Attack) that tries to match the DNS transaction ID in order to cache non-ECS poisonous replies.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U/V:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-07-16 15:42 UTC

CWE

CWE-349 - Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data

Assigner

NLnet Labs

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2025-5…	vendor-advisory
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
NLnet Labs	Unbound	Affected: 1.6.2 , < 1.23.0 (semver)

Date Public

2025-07-16 00:00

Credits

Xiang Li (AOSP Lab, Nankai University)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-5994",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
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                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-07-16T15:42:14.147972Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-07-16T15:42:18.657Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
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        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T18:13:56.352Z",
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        "references": [
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    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Unbound",
          "vendor": "NLnet Labs",
          "versions": [
            {
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            }
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      "credits": [
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          "type": "finder",
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        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2025-07-16T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A multi-vendor cache poisoning vulnerability named \u0027Rebirthday Attack\u0027 has been discovered in caching resolvers that support EDNS Client Subnet (ECS). Unbound is also vulnerable when compiled with ECS support, i.e., \u0027--enable-subnet\u0027, AND configured to send ECS information along with queries to upstream name servers, i.e., at least one of the \u0027send-client-subnet\u0027, \u0027client-subnet-zone\u0027 or \u0027client-subnet-always-forward\u0027 options is used. Resolvers supporting ECS need to segregate outgoing queries to accommodate for different outgoing ECS information. This re-opens up resolvers to a birthday paradox attack (Rebirthday Attack) that tries to match the DNS transaction ID in order to cache non-ECS poisonous replies."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "baseScore": 8.7,
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U/V:C",
            "version": "4.0"
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          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Compiled and configured for ECS support"
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      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-349",
              "description": "CWE-349 Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-07-16T14:38:22.738Z",
        "orgId": "206fc3a0-e175-490b-9eaa-a5738056c9f6",
        "shortName": "NLnet Labs"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2025-5994.txt"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "This issue is fixed in 1.23.1 and all later versions. Not using EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) is also a mitigation for affected versions."
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-01-02T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Issue reported by Xiang Li"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-01-03T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Issue acknowledged by NLnet Labs"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-01-08T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Mitigation shared with Xiang Li"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-07-16T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Fix released with Unbound 1.23.1 (coordinated with other vendors)"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Cache poisoning via the ECS-enabled Rebirthday Attack"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "206fc3a0-e175-490b-9eaa-a5738056c9f6",
    "assignerShortName": "NLnet Labs",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-5994",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-16T14:38:22.738Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-06-11T09:08:05.767Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T18:13:56.352Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.