Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-QRGF-9GPC-VRXW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-20 21:18 – Updated: 2023-05-02 12:31

Summary

Bypass of CSRF protection in the presence of predictable userInfo

Details

Description

The CSRF protection enforced by the @fastify/csrf-protection library in combination with @fastify/cookie can be bypassed from network and same-site attackers under certain conditions.

@fastify/csrf-protection supports an optional userInfo parameter that binds the CSRF token to the user. This parameter has been introduced to prevent cookie-tossing attacks as a fix for CVE-2021-29624. Whenever userInfo parameter is missing, or its value can be predicted for the target user account, network and same-site attackers can 1. fixate a _csrf cookie in the victim's browser, and 2. forge CSRF tokens that are valid for the victim's session. This allows attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism.

As a fix, @fastify/csrf-protection starting from version 6.3.0 (and v4.1.0) includes a server-defined secret hmacKey that cryptographically binds the CSRF token to the value of the _csrf cookie and the userInfo parameter, making tokens non-spoofable by attackers. This protection is effective as long as the userInfo parameter is unique for each user.

Patches

This is patched in version 6.3.0 and v4.1.0.

Workarounds

As a workaround, developers can use a random, non-predictable userInfo parameter for each user.

Credits

Pedro Adão (@pedromigueladao), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon
Marco Squarcina (@lavish), Security & Privacy Research Unit, TU Wien

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@fastify/csrf-protection"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@fastify/csrf-protection"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27495"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-20T21:18:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-20T18:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Description\nThe [CSRF](https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/csrf) protection enforced by the `@fastify/csrf-protection` library in combination with `@fastify/cookie` can be bypassed from network and same-site attackers under certain conditions.\n\n`@fastify/csrf-protection` supports an optional `userInfo` parameter that binds the CSRF token to the user. This parameter has been introduced to prevent cookie-tossing attacks as a fix for [CVE-2021-29624](https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2021-29624). Whenever `userInfo` parameter is missing, or its value can be predicted for the target user account, network and [same-site](https://canitakeyoursubdomain.name/) attackers can 1. fixate a `_csrf` cookie in the victim\u0027s browser, and 2. forge CSRF tokens that are valid for the victim\u0027s session. This allows attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism.\n\nAs a fix, `@fastify/csrf-protection` starting from version 6.3.0 (and v4.1.0) includes a server-defined secret `hmacKey` that cryptographically binds the CSRF token to the value of the `_csrf` cookie and the `userInfo` parameter, making tokens non-spoofable by attackers. This protection is effective as long as the `userInfo` parameter is unique for each user.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis is patched in version 6.3.0 and v4.1.0.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAs a workaround, developers can use a random, non-predictable `userInfo` parameter for each user.\n\n## Credits\n* Pedro Ad\u00e3o (@pedromigueladao), [Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon](https://tecnico.ulisboa.pt/)\n* Marco Squarcina (@lavish), [Security \u0026 Privacy Research Unit, TU Wien](https://secpriv.wien/)",
  "id": "GHSA-qrgf-9gpc-vrxw",
  "modified": "2023-05-02T12:31:41Z",
  "published": "2023-04-20T21:18:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/security/advisories/GHSA-qrgf-9gpc-vrxw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/security/advisories/GHSA-rc4q-9m69-gqp8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27495"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/commit/be3e5761f37aa05c7c1ac8ed44499c51ecec8058"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/releases/tag/v4.1.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/releases/tag/v6.3.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2021-29624"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bypass of CSRF protection in the presence of predictable userInfo"
}

CVE-2023-27495 (GCVE-0-2023-27495)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-20 17:05 – Updated: 2025-02-05 16:07

Title

Bypass of CSRF protection in the presence of predictable userInfo in @fastify/csrf-protection

Summary

@fastify/csrf-protection is a plugin which helps protect Fastify servers against CSRF attacks. The CSRF protection enforced by the @fastify/csrf-protection library in combination with @fastify/cookie can be bypassed from network and same-site attackers under certain conditions. @fastify/csrf-protection supports an optional userInfo parameter that binds the CSRF token to the user. This parameter has been introduced to prevent cookie-tossing attacks as a fix for CVE-2021-29624. Whenever userInfo parameter is missing, or its value can be predicted for the target user account, network and same-site attackers can 1. fixate a _csrf cookie in the victim's browser, and 2. forge CSRF tokens that are valid for the victim's session. This allows attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism. As a fix, @fastify/csrf-protection starting from version 6.3.0 (and v4.1.0) includes a server-defined secret hmacKey that cryptographically binds the CSRF token to the value of the _csrf cookie and the userInfo parameter, making tokens non-spoofable by attackers. This protection is effective as long as the userInfo parameter is unique for each user. This is patched in versions 6.3.0 and v4.1.0. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may use a random, non-predictable userInfo parameter for each user as a mitigation.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-02-05 16:07 UTC

CWE

CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2021-29624	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
fastify	csrf-protection	Affected: < 4.1.0 Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 6.3.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T12:16:35.323Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/security/advisories/GHSA-qrgf-9gpc-vrxw",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/security/advisories/GHSA-qrgf-9gpc-vrxw"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/commit/be3e5761f37aa05c7c1ac8ed44499c51ecec8058",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/commit/be3e5761f37aa05c7c1ac8ed44499c51ecec8058"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2021-29624",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2021-29624"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-27495",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-02-05T16:07:27.864617Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-02-05T16:07:38.884Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "csrf-protection",
          "vendor": "fastify",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 4.1.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 6.3.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "@fastify/csrf-protection is a plugin which helps protect Fastify servers against CSRF attacks. The CSRF protection enforced by the @fastify/csrf-protection library in combination with @fastify/cookie can be bypassed from network and same-site attackers under certain conditions. @fastify/csrf-protection supports an optional userInfo parameter that binds the CSRF token to the user. This parameter has been introduced to prevent cookie-tossing attacks as a fix for CVE-2021-29624. Whenever userInfo parameter is missing, or its value can be predicted for the target user account, network and same-site attackers can 1. fixate a _csrf cookie in the victim\u0027s browser, and 2. forge CSRF tokens that are valid for the victim\u0027s session. This allows attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism. As a fix, @fastify/csrf-protection starting from version 6.3.0 (and v4.1.0) includes a server-defined secret hmacKey that cryptographically binds the CSRF token to the value of the _csrf cookie and the userInfo parameter, making tokens non-spoofable by attackers. This protection is effective as long as the userInfo parameter is unique for each user. This is patched in versions 6.3.0 and v4.1.0. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may use a random, non-predictable userInfo parameter for each user as a mitigation."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-352",
              "description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-04-20T17:05:21.515Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/security/advisories/GHSA-qrgf-9gpc-vrxw",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/security/advisories/GHSA-qrgf-9gpc-vrxw"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/commit/be3e5761f37aa05c7c1ac8ed44499c51ecec8058",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/fastify/csrf-protection/commit/be3e5761f37aa05c7c1ac8ed44499c51ecec8058"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2021-29624",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2021-29624"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-qrgf-9gpc-vrxw",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Bypass of CSRF protection in the presence of predictable userInfo in @fastify/csrf-protection"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-27495",
    "datePublished": "2023-04-20T17:05:21.515Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-03-01T19:03:56.635Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-02-05T16:07:38.884Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.