Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-JC85-FPWF-QM7X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-05 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 15:33

Summary

expr-eval does not restrict functions passed to the evaluate function

Details

The expr-eval library is a JavaScript expression parser and evaluator designed to safely evaluate mathematical expressions with user-defined variables. However, due to insufficient input validation, an attacker can pass a crafted variables object into the evaluate() function and trigger arbitrary code execution.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "expr-eval"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "expr-eval-fork"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12735"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-05T18:46:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-05T01:15:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The expr-eval library is a JavaScript expression parser and evaluator designed to safely evaluate mathematical expressions with user-defined variables. However, due to insufficient input validation, an attacker can pass a crafted variables object into the evaluate() function and trigger arbitrary code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-jc85-fpwf-qm7x",
  "modified": "2025-12-09T15:33:15Z",
  "published": "2025-11-05T03:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12735"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/silentmatt/expr-eval/pull/288"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/silentmatt/expr-eval/pull/289"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jorenbroekema/expr-eval/commit/1d71bb2ca8f98df8de00e9cc4de8fdd468a7ad43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jorenbroekema/expr-eval"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jorenbroekema/expr-eval/blob/460b820ba01c5aca6c5d84a7d4f1fa5d1913c67b/test/security.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/silentmatt/expr-eval"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/expr-eval"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/expr-eval-fork"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "expr-eval does not restrict functions passed to the evaluate function"
}

CVE-2025-12735 (GCVE-0-2025-12735)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-05 00:22 – Updated: 2025-11-22 23:45

Title

CVE-2025-12735

Summary

The expr-eval library is a JavaScript expression parser and evaluator designed to safely evaluate mathematical expressions with user-defined variables. However, due to insufficient input validation, an attacker can pass a crafted context object or use MEMBER of the context object into the evaluate() function and trigger arbitrary code execution.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: Public PoC Automatable: Yes Technical Impact: Total

certcc (v2.0.0)

Decision recorded 2025-11-07 15:47 UTC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-10 14:06 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code (‘Code Injection’)
CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (‘Prototype Pollution’)

Assigner

certcc mitre root

References

9 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/silentmatt/expr-eval
https://github.com/jorenbroekema/expr-eval
https://www.npmjs.com/package/expr-eval-fork
https://www.npmjs.com/package/expr-eval
https://github.com/silentmatt/expr-eval/pull/288
https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jc85-fpwf-qm7x	third-party-advisory
https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/jorenbroekema/expr-eval/blob/4…	exploit
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
silentmatt	expr-eval	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.2 (semver)
expr-eval-fork	expr-eval-fork	Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.0.0 (semver)

Credits

This issue was reported by Jangwoo Choe (UKO) Patch validation assistance provided by GitHub user huydoppaz.

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 9.8,
              "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-12735",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-11-10T14:06:48.027568Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-10T14:07:11.995Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/jorenbroekema/expr-eval/blob/460b820ba01c5aca6c5d84a7d4f1fa5d1913c67b/test/security.js"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-08T00:11:55.078Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "expr-eval",
          "vendor": "silentmatt",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.0.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "expr-eval-fork",
          "vendor": "expr-eval-fork",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "3.0.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "This issue was reported by Jangwoo Choe (UKO)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation verifier",
          "value": "Patch validation assistance provided by GitHub user huydoppaz."
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The expr-eval library is a JavaScript expression parser and evaluator designed to safely evaluate mathematical expressions with user-defined variables. However, due to insufficient input validation, an attacker can pass a crafted context object or use MEMBER of the context object into the evaluate() function and trigger arbitrary code execution."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "schemaVersion": "2.0.0",
              "selections": [
                {
                  "definition": "The present state of exploitation of the vulnerability.",
                  "key": "E",
                  "name": "Exploitation",
                  "namespace": "ssvc",
                  "values": [
                    {
                      "key": "P",
                      "name": "Public PoC"
                    }
                  ],
                  "version": "1.1.0"
                },
                {
                  "definition": "Can an attacker reliably automate creating exploitation events for this vulnerability?",
                  "key": "A",
                  "name": "Automatable",
                  "namespace": "ssvc",
                  "values": [
                    {
                      "key": "Y",
                      "name": "Yes"
                    }
                  ],
                  "version": "2.0.0"
                },
                {
                  "definition": "The technical impact of the vulnerability.",
                  "key": "TI",
                  "name": "Technical Impact",
                  "namespace": "ssvc",
                  "values": [
                    {
                      "key": "T",
                      "name": "Total"
                    }
                  ],
                  "version": "1.0.0"
                }
              ],
              "timestamp": "2025-11-07T15:47:01.238Z"
            },
            "type": "ssvcV2_0_0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
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              "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u2018Code Injection\u2019)",
              "lang": "en"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (\u2018Prototype Pollution\u2019)",
              "lang": "en"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-11-22T23:45:45.512Z",
        "orgId": "37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b",
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      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/silentmatt/expr-eval"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/jorenbroekema/expr-eval"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/expr-eval-fork"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/expr-eval"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/silentmatt/expr-eval/pull/288"
        },
        {
          "name": "Github Security Advisory",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jc85-fpwf-qm7x"
        },
        {
          "name": "CERT/CC Advisory",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "CVE-2025-12735",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "VINCE 3.0.28",
        "env": "prod",
        "origin": "https://cveawg.mitre.org/api/cve/CVE-2025-12735"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b",
    "assignerShortName": "certcc",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-12735",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-05T00:22:55.297Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-11-05T00:04:49.648Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-22T23:45:45.512Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

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