Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-38CQ-484H-WCM5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-21 12:31 – Updated: 2025-10-21 12:31

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: avoid cycles in directory h-tree

A maliciously corrupted filesystem can contain cycles in the h-tree stored inside a directory. That can easily lead to the kernel corrupting tree nodes that were already verified under its hands while doing a node split and consequently accessing unallocated memory. Fix the problem by verifying traversed block numbers are unique.

Severity

5.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-49343"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: avoid cycles in directory h-tree\n\nA maliciously corrupted filesystem can contain cycles in the h-tree\nstored inside a directory. That can easily lead to the kernel corrupting\ntree nodes that were already verified under its hands while doing a node\nsplit and consequently accessing unallocated memory. Fix the problem by\nverifying traversed block numbers are unique.",
  "id": "GHSA-38cq-484h-wcm5",
  "modified": "2025-10-21T12:31:25Z",
  "published": "2025-10-21T12:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49343"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24b8206fec1db21d7e82f21f0b2ff5e5672cf5b3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a3ce941645407cd0b0b7f01ad9e2ea3770f46cc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba733f879c2a88910744647e41edeefbc0d92b2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6084240bfc44bf265ab6ae7d96980469b05be0f1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3ad9ff6f06c1dc6abf7437691c88ca3d6da3ac0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5a16a6df2c16eaf4de04948553ef0089dee463f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e157c8f87e8fac112d6c955e69a60cdb9bc80a60"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4cafa51762da3824881a9000ca421d4b78b138"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2022-49343 (GCVE-0-2022-49343)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-26 02:10 – Updated: 2026-08-05 08:54

Title

ext4: avoid cycles in directory h-tree

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: avoid cycles in directory h-tree A maliciously corrupted filesystem can contain cycles in the h-tree stored inside a directory. That can easily lead to the kernel corrupting tree nodes that were already verified under its hands while doing a node split and consequently accessing unallocated memory. Fix the problem by verifying traversed block numbers are unique.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

8 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24b8206fec1db21d7…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3ad9ff6f06c1dc6a…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e157c8f87e8fac112…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4cafa51762da382…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a3ce941645407cd0…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5a16a6df2c16eaf4…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6084240bfc44bf265…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba733f879c2a8891…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < 24b8206fec1db21d7e82f21f0b2ff5e5672cf5b3 (git) Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < b3ad9ff6f06c1dc6abf7437691c88ca3d6da3ac0 (git) Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < e157c8f87e8fac112d6c955e69a60cdb9bc80a60 (git) Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < ff4cafa51762da3824881a9000ca421d4b78b138 (git) Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < 3a3ce941645407cd0b0b7f01ad9e2ea3770f46cc (git) Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < d5a16a6df2c16eaf4de04948553ef0089dee463f (git) Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < 6084240bfc44bf265ab6ae7d96980469b05be0f1 (git) Affected: ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571 , < 3ba733f879c2a88910744647e41edeefbc0d92b2 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.19 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.19 (semver) Unaffected: 4.14.283 , ≤ 4.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 4.19.247 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.198 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.121 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.46 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.17.14 , ≤ 5.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.18.3 , ≤ 5.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/ext4/namei.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "24b8206fec1db21d7e82f21f0b2ff5e5672cf5b3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "b3ad9ff6f06c1dc6abf7437691c88ca3d6da3ac0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "e157c8f87e8fac112d6c955e69a60cdb9bc80a60",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ff4cafa51762da3824881a9000ca421d4b78b138",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3a3ce941645407cd0b0b7f01ad9e2ea3770f46cc",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d5a16a6df2c16eaf4de04948553ef0089dee463f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6084240bfc44bf265ab6ae7d96980469b05be0f1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3ba733f879c2a88910744647e41edeefbc0d92b2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ac27a0ec112a089f1a5102bc8dffc79c8c815571",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/ext4/namei.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.14.283",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.19.247",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.198",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.121",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.46",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.17.14",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.18.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.19",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.14.283",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.247",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.198",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.121",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.46",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.17.14",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.18.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.19",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
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        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: avoid cycles in directory h-tree\n\nA maliciously corrupted filesystem can contain cycles in the h-tree\nstored inside a directory. That can easily lead to the kernel corrupting\ntree nodes that were already verified under its hands while doing a node\nsplit and consequently accessing unallocated memory. Fix the problem by\nverifying traversed block numbers are unique."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through local VFS directory operations on a mounted crafted ext4 image (creat/mkdir \u2192 ext4_add_entry \u2192 ext4_dx_add_entry \u2192 dx_probe \u2192 do_split/index split); there is no network or adjacent-protocol entry into fs/ext4/namei.c.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls on-disk h-tree block pointers, so a cyclic index (e.g. an intermediate node pointing back to an ancestor) deterministically makes dx_probe load the same block at multiple frame levels and then corrupts those nodes on split; no race or attacker-uncontrollable layout is required.\nPR:N - The attacker needs no account on the target\u2014only a malicious ext4 image (USB/SD, disk image, or media handed to udisks/automount); ext4 is FS_REQUIRES_DEV without FS_USERNS_MOUNT, so CAP_SYS_ADMIN for mount belongs to the victim or automount path.\nUI:R - Exploitation requires a user or automount/storage daemon to mount the attacker-supplied ext4 volume and then perform a directory write that triggers an h-tree node split on the cyclic directory.\nS:U - Corruption and crashes remain within the host kernel\u2019s buffer-cache/htree handling under the same OS security authority; this is standard local kernel impact, not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-boundary break.\nC:H - Node split on aliased frames corrupts already-verified index nodes and leads to accessing unallocated memory; that out-of-bounds/UAF-class read of kernel heap or freed buffers enables arbitrary disclosure and is scored Confidentiality High.\nI:H - The same split path (dx_insert_block/memmove and index-node rewrites through shared frame buffers) performs attacker-influenced writes into corrupted/unallocated memory, enabling heap corruption and control-flow hijack primitives scored Integrity High.\nA:H - Accessing unallocated memory during the split of a cyclic h-tree can oops/panic the kernel even without full exploitation, fully denying availability."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T08:54:50.163Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3ad9ff6f06c1dc6abf7437691c88ca3d6da3ac0"
        },
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4cafa51762da3824881a9000ca421d4b78b138"
        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a3ce941645407cd0b0b7f01ad9e2ea3770f46cc"
        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5a16a6df2c16eaf4de04948553ef0089dee463f"
        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6084240bfc44bf265ab6ae7d96980469b05be0f1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba733f879c2a88910744647e41edeefbc0d92b2"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ext4: avoid cycles in directory h-tree",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-49343",
    "datePublished": "2025-02-26T02:10:59.970Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-02-26T02:08:31.542Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T08:54:50.163Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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GHSA-38CQ-484H-WCM5

CVE-2022-49343 (GCVE-0-2022-49343)

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