{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.6.48"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "praisonaiagents"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.59"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T13:52:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe SSE (Server-Sent Events) server in `src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/server/server.py` exposes a `/publish` endpoint that broadcasts arbitrary messages to all connected clients without any authentication. The `ServerConfig` dataclass (line 24) defines an `auth_token` field, but this token is never validated in the `/publish` or `/events` request handlers. Any attacker with access to the SSE server port can inject arbitrary events into the SSE stream visible to all connected clients, or use `/info` to leak server configuration including connected client count.\n\n## Details\n\n**Vulnerable code (lines 164\u2013180):**\n```python\nasync def publish(request):\n    try:\n        data = await request.json()\n        event_type = data.get(\"type\", \"message\")\n        event_data = data.get(\"data\", {})\n\n        self.broadcast(event_type, event_data)\n\n        return JSONResponse({\n            \"success\": True,\n            \"clients\": len(self._clients),\n        })\n```\n\nThe `auth_token` field in `ServerConfig` (line 31):\n```python\n@dataclass\nclass ServerConfig:\n    ...\n    auth_token: Optional[str] = None\n```\n\nThis `auth_token` is **never referenced** in any request handler. The `/publish` endpoint processes any POST request regardless of authentication headers. The `/info` endpoint (line 182) also has no auth and returns server configuration including `self.config.to_dict()`.\n\n**Routes registration (lines 190\u2013194):**\n```python\nroutes = [\n    Route(\"/health\", health, methods=[\"GET\"]),\n    Route(\"/events\", events, methods=[\"GET\"]),\n    Route(\"/publish\", publish, methods=[\"POST\"]),\n    Route(\"/info\", info, methods=[\"GET\"]),\n]\n```\n\nNo authentication middleware or token validation is applied to any route.\n\n## PoC\n\n**Setup:** Start the SSE server (default port 8765). This is the documented server mode for streaming agent events.\n\n**Positive trigger \u2014 unauthenticated event injection:**\n```bash\n# From any network-reachable host:\ncurl -X POST http://localhost:8765/publish \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"type\": \"message\", \"data\": {\"text\": \"INJECTED: arbitrary content sent to all clients\"}}\u0027\n```\n\n**Expected response:**\n```json\n{\"success\": true, \"clients\": 3}\n```\n\nThe response confirms the injection was broadcast to all connected SSE clients, and leaks the number of connected clients.\n\n**Positive trigger \u2014 info leak:**\n```bash\ncurl http://localhost:8765/info\n```\n\n**Expected response:**\n```json\n{\n  \"name\": \"PraisonAI Agent Server\",\n  \"version\": \"1.0.0\",\n  \"clients\": 3,\n  \"config\": {\n    \"host\": \"127.0.0.1\",\n    \"port\": 8765,\n    \"auth_token\": \"***\",\n    ...\n  }\n}\n```\n\n**Negative control \u2014 if auth were enforced:**\nA request without a valid `Authorization: Bearer \u003ctoken\u003e` header should return 401 Unauthorized. Currently, it returns 200 OK with no auth check.\n\n**Cleanup:** No persistent changes.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker with access to the SSE server port (default 8765, bound to `127.0.0.1` by default per `DEFAULT_HOST` at line 21) can:\n\n- **Inject arbitrary events** into the SSE stream, potentially causing connected client applications to process malicious data, trigger actions, or display misleading content\n- **Leak server configuration** including number of connected clients and server settings via `/info`\n- **Use the response** to confirm connected client count, enabling reconnaissance\n\nWhile the default binds to localhost, deployments in containers or cloud environments commonly override the host to `0.0.0.0` to allow external access. When the host is overridden, this is exploitable from the network without authentication.\n\n## Suggested remediation\n\n1. **Validate `auth_token`** in the `/publish` and `/events` handlers:\n```python\nasync def publish(request):\n    token = request.headers.get(\"Authorization\", \"\").replace(\"Bearer \", \"\")\n    if self.config.auth_token and token != self.config.auth_token:\n        return JSONResponse({\"error\": \"Unauthorized\"}, status_code=401)\n    # ... proceed with broadcast\n```\n\n2. Apply the same token validation to `/events` (for reading) and `/info`.\n\n3. The default binding to `127.0.0.1` is appropriate; maintain this default and warn when overridden to `0.0.0.0`.\n\n4. Document the `auth_token` configuration option and recommend setting it in production.",
  "id": "GHSA-35w5-pcw4-jx94",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T13:52:13Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T13:52:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-35w5-pcw4-jx94"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI: Unauthenticated Event Injection via SSE `/publish` Endpoint"
}