fkie_cve-2020-17519
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd
Published
2021-01-05 12:15
Modified
2025-02-13 16:47
Severity ?
7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
9.1 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Summary
A change introduced in Apache Flink 1.11.0 (and released in 1.11.1 and 1.11.2 as well) allows attackers to read any file on the local filesystem of the JobManager through the REST interface of the JobManager process. Access is restricted to files accessible by the JobManager process. All users should upgrade to Flink 1.11.3 or 1.12.0 if their Flink instance(s) are exposed. The issue was fixed in commit b561010b0ee741543c3953306037f00d7a9f0801 from apache/flink:master.
References
security@apache.orghttp://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160849/Apache-Flink-1.11.0-Arbitrary-File-Read-Directory-Traversal.htmlExploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
security@apache.orghttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/05/2Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0a433be10676f4fe97ca423d08f914e0ead341c901216f292d2bbe83%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1125f3044a0946d1e7e6f125a6170b58d413ebd4a95157e4608041c7%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3EMailing List
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r229167538863518738e02f4c1c5a8bb34c1d45dadcc97adf6676b0c1%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r26fcdd4fe288323006253437ebc4dd6fdfadfb5e93465a0e4f68420d%40%3Cuser-zh.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r28f17e564950d663e68cc6fe75756012dda62ac623766bb9bc5e7034%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2fc60b30557e4a537c2a6293023049bd1c49fd92b518309aa85a0398%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4e1b72bfa789ea5bc20b8afe56119200ed25bdab0eb80d664fa5bfe2%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88b55f3ebf1f8f4e1cc61f030252aaef4b77060b56557a243abb92a1%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88f427865fb6aa6e6378efe07632a1906b430365e15e3b9621aabe1d%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r90890afea72a9571d666820b2fe5942a0a5f86be406fa31da3dd0922%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3EMailing List, Not Applicable
security@apache.orghttps://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra8c96bf3ccb4e491f9ce87ba35f134b4449beb2a38d1ce28fd89001f%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160849/Apache-Flink-1.11.0-Arbitrary-File-Read-Directory-Traversal.htmlExploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/05/2Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0a433be10676f4fe97ca423d08f914e0ead341c901216f292d2bbe83%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1125f3044a0946d1e7e6f125a6170b58d413ebd4a95157e4608041c7%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3EMailing List
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r229167538863518738e02f4c1c5a8bb34c1d45dadcc97adf6676b0c1%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r26fcdd4fe288323006253437ebc4dd6fdfadfb5e93465a0e4f68420d%40%3Cuser-zh.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r28f17e564950d663e68cc6fe75756012dda62ac623766bb9bc5e7034%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2fc60b30557e4a537c2a6293023049bd1c49fd92b518309aa85a0398%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4e1b72bfa789ea5bc20b8afe56119200ed25bdab0eb80d664fa5bfe2%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88b55f3ebf1f8f4e1cc61f030252aaef4b77060b56557a243abb92a1%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88f427865fb6aa6e6378efe07632a1906b430365e15e3b9621aabe1d%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3EMailing List, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r90890afea72a9571d666820b2fe5942a0a5f86be406fa31da3dd0922%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3ENot Applicable
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra8c96bf3ccb4e491f9ce87ba35f134b4449beb2a38d1ce28fd89001f%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3EIssue Tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
apache flink *


To clipboard 

{
  "cisaActionDue": "2024-06-13",
  "cisaExploitAdd": "2024-05-23",
  "cisaRequiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
  "cisaVulnerabilityName": "Apache Flink Improper Access Control Vulnerability",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:flink:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "17DBFDC8-023D-4816-97AB-88F17ABB2CFC",
              "versionEndExcluding": "1.11.3",
              "versionStartIncluding": "1.11.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "A change introduced in Apache Flink 1.11.0 (and released in 1.11.1 and 1.11.2 as well) allows attackers to read any file on the local filesystem of the JobManager through the REST interface of the JobManager process. Access is restricted to files accessible by the JobManager process. All users should upgrade to Flink 1.11.3 or 1.12.0 if their Flink instance(s) are exposed. The issue was fixed in commit b561010b0ee741543c3953306037f00d7a9f0801 from apache/flink:master."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Un cambio introducido en Apache Flink versi\u00f3n 1.11.0 (y lanzado en versiones 1.11.1 y 1.11.2 tambi\u00e9n) permite a atacantes leer cualquier archivo en el sistema de archivos local de JobManager por medio de la interfaz REST del proceso JobManager.\u0026#xa0;El acceso est\u00e1 restringido a los archivos accesibles por medio del proceso de JobManager.\u0026#xa0;Todos los usuarios deben actualizar a Flink versi\u00f3n 1.11.3 o 1.12.0 si sus instancias de Flink est\u00e1n expuestas.\u0026#xa0;El problema se corrigi\u00f3 en el commit b561010b0ee741543c3953306037f00d7a9f0801 de apache/flink:master"
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2020-17519",
  "lastModified": "2025-02-13T16:47:51.753",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV2": [
      {
        "acInsufInfo": false,
        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
        "cvssData": {
          "accessComplexity": "LOW",
          "accessVector": "NETWORK",
          "authentication": "NONE",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 5.0,
          "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "2.0"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 10.0,
        "impactScore": 2.9,
        "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
        "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
        "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary",
        "userInteractionRequired": false
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.1,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2021-01-05T12:15:12.680",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory",
        "VDB Entry"
      ],
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160849/Apache-Flink-1.11.0-Arbitrary-File-Read-Directory-Traversal.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/05/2"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0a433be10676f4fe97ca423d08f914e0ead341c901216f292d2bbe83%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1125f3044a0946d1e7e6f125a6170b58d413ebd4a95157e4608041c7%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r229167538863518738e02f4c1c5a8bb34c1d45dadcc97adf6676b0c1%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r26fcdd4fe288323006253437ebc4dd6fdfadfb5e93465a0e4f68420d%40%3Cuser-zh.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r28f17e564950d663e68cc6fe75756012dda62ac623766bb9bc5e7034%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2fc60b30557e4a537c2a6293023049bd1c49fd92b518309aa85a0398%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4e1b72bfa789ea5bc20b8afe56119200ed25bdab0eb80d664fa5bfe2%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88b55f3ebf1f8f4e1cc61f030252aaef4b77060b56557a243abb92a1%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88f427865fb6aa6e6378efe07632a1906b430365e15e3b9621aabe1d%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Not Applicable"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r90890afea72a9571d666820b2fe5942a0a5f86be406fa31da3dd0922%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra8c96bf3ccb4e491f9ce87ba35f134b4449beb2a38d1ce28fd89001f%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory",
        "VDB Entry"
      ],
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160849/Apache-Flink-1.11.0-Arbitrary-File-Read-Directory-Traversal.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/05/2"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0a433be10676f4fe97ca423d08f914e0ead341c901216f292d2bbe83%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1125f3044a0946d1e7e6f125a6170b58d413ebd4a95157e4608041c7%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r229167538863518738e02f4c1c5a8bb34c1d45dadcc97adf6676b0c1%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r26fcdd4fe288323006253437ebc4dd6fdfadfb5e93465a0e4f68420d%40%3Cuser-zh.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r28f17e564950d663e68cc6fe75756012dda62ac623766bb9bc5e7034%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2fc60b30557e4a537c2a6293023049bd1c49fd92b518309aa85a0398%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4e1b72bfa789ea5bc20b8afe56119200ed25bdab0eb80d664fa5bfe2%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6843202556a6d0bce9607ebc02e303f68fc88e9038235598bde3b50d%40%3Cuser.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88b55f3ebf1f8f4e1cc61f030252aaef4b77060b56557a243abb92a1%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r88f427865fb6aa6e6378efe07632a1906b430365e15e3b9621aabe1d%40%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Not Applicable"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r90890afea72a9571d666820b2fe5942a0a5f86be406fa31da3dd0922%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra8c96bf3ccb4e491f9ce87ba35f134b4449beb2a38d1ce28fd89001f%40%3Cdev.flink.apache.org%3E"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security@apache.org",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-552"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security@apache.org",
      "type": "Secondary"
    },
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-552"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.