CVE-2026-75758 (GCVE-0-2026-75758)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 11:28 – Updated: 2026-08-28 18:29
VLAI
Title
Unbounded recursion between Inspect.List charlist rendering and List.to_string/1 error path in Elixir
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in the Elixir standard library allows an attacker who controls a list passed to inspect/1, List.to_string/1, or List.to_charlist/1 to exhaust a BEAM node's memory. Inspect.List's charlist branch in lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex classifies a list as a charlist using List.ascii_printable?/2, which examines only the first :printable_limit (4096 by default) elements, and then calls IO.chardata_to_string/1 on the whole term. A list whose printable prefix exceeds that limit but which contains a later element that is not a code point (an atom, an out-of-range integer, or an improper tail) is therefore mis-classified, and the conversion raises ArgumentError. That conversion runs inside List.to_string/1, whose rescue clause builds its message by interpolating inspect(list), which re-enters the same branch and raises again. The nested inspection is an argument to raise, so the recursion is not in tail position and every level is retained: the process stack grows monotonically while each cycle re-walks the list, until the process is killed by max_heap_size or, by default, the node runs out of memory. List.to_charlist/1 has the same rescue shape. Below the printable limit the inner inspect/1 sees the invalid element within its counter and renders the list in ordinary bracket form, so a single ArgumentError is raised and no recursion occurs. This issue affects elixir: from 1.15.0-rc.0 before 1.18.5, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.6, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 18:28 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
elixir-lang elixir Affected: 1.15.0-rc.0 , < 1.18.5 (semver)
Affected: 1.19.0-rc.0 , < 1.19.6 (semver)
Affected: 1.20.0-rc.0 , < 1.20.4 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
elixir-lang elixir Affected: 9718f2b90ce086ff8614d5782f4ec528495c98dd , < * (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:elixir-lang:elixir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eUncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in the Elixir standard library allows an attacker who controls a list passed to \u003ccode\u003einspect/1\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eList.to_string/1\u003c/code\u003e, or \u003ccode\u003eList.to_charlist/1\u003c/code\u003e to exhaust a BEAM node\u0027s memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eInspect.List\u003c/code\u003e\u0027s charlist branch in \u003ccode\u003elib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex\u003c/code\u003e classifies a list as a charlist using \u003ccode\u003eList.ascii_printable?/2\u003c/code\u003e, which examines only the first \u003ccode\u003e:printable_limit\u003c/code\u003e (4096 by default) elements, and then calls \u003ccode\u003eIO.chardata_to_string/1\u003c/code\u003e on the whole term. A list whose printable prefix exceeds that limit but which contains a later element that is not a code point (an atom, an out-of-range integer, or an improper tail) is therefore mis-classified, and the conversion raises \u003ccode\u003eArgumentError\u003c/code\u003e. That conversion runs inside \u003ccode\u003eList.to_string/1\u003c/code\u003e, whose rescue clause builds its message by interpolating \u003ccode\u003einspect(list)\u003c/code\u003e, which re-enters the same branch and raises again. The nested inspection is an argument to \u003ccode\u003eraise\u003c/code\u003e, so the recursion is not in tail position and every level is retained: the process stack grows monotonically while each cycle re-walks the list, until the process is killed by \u003ccode\u003emax_heap_size\u003c/code\u003e or, by default, the node runs out of memory. \u003ccode\u003eList.to_charlist/1\u003c/code\u003e has the same rescue shape.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBelow the printable limit the inner \u003ccode\u003einspect/1\u003c/code\u003e sees the invalid element within its counter and renders the list in ordinary bracket form, so a single \u003ccode\u003eArgumentError\u003c/code\u003e is raised and no recursion occurs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects elixir: from 1.15.0-rc.0 before 1.18.5, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.6, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.4.\u003c/p\u003e"
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                "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir",
                "vendor": "elixir-lang",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "changes": [
                      {
                        "at": "1eff1acffd49bdcc0d7f57ca74c1603328eed68a",
                        "status": "unaffected"
                      },
                      {
                        "at": "5230d73968f1b4969d2a2646786fa6c71475f5cc",
                        "status": "unaffected"
                      },
                      {
                        "at": "a983c8c043b1fbf1d95df78a29149222dac2988c",
                        "status": "unaffected"
                      },
                      {
                        "at": "0bba5887577b1e328da825bd018815fdc519685a",
                        "status": "unaffected"
                      }
                    ],
                    "lessThan": "*",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "9718f2b90ce086ff8614d5782f4ec528495c98dd",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in the Elixir standard library allows an attacker who controls a list passed to inspect/1, List.to_string/1, or List.to_charlist/1 to exhaust a BEAM node\u0027s memory.\n\nInspect.List\u0027s charlist branch in lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex classifies a list as a charlist using List.ascii_printable?/2, which examines only the first :printable_limit (4096 by default) elements, and then calls IO.chardata_to_string/1 on the whole term. A list whose printable prefix exceeds that limit but which contains a later element that is not a code point (an atom, an out-of-range integer, or an improper tail) is therefore mis-classified, and the conversion raises ArgumentError. That conversion runs inside List.to_string/1, whose rescue clause builds its message by interpolating inspect(list), which re-enters the same branch and raises again. The nested inspection is an argument to raise, so the recursion is not in tail position and every level is retained: the process stack grows monotonically while each cycle re-walks the list, until the process is killed by max_heap_size or, by default, the node runs out of memory. List.to_charlist/1 has the same rescue shape.\n\nBelow the printable limit the inner inspect/1 sees the invalid element within its counter and renders the list in ordinary bracket form, so a single ArgumentError is raised and no recursion occurs.\n\nThis issue affects elixir: from 1.15.0-rc.0 before 1.18.5, from 1.19.0-rc.0 before 1.19.6, and from 1.20.0-rc.0 before 1.20.4."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-75758",
        "lastModified": "2026-09-01T21:15:00.147",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 5.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-75758",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-28T18:28:19.564474Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-08-28T16:18:25.277",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-75758.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/0bba5887577b1e328da825bd018815fdc519685a"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/1eff1acffd49bdcc0d7f57ca74c1603328eed68a"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/5230d73968f1b4969d2a2646786fa6c71475f5cc"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/commit/a983c8c043b1fbf1d95df78a29149222dac2988c"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/security/advisories/GHSA-jf5q-v438-665c"
          },
          {
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-75758"
          },
          {
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "url": "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/security/advisories/GHSA-jf5q-v438-665c"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-674"
              }
            ],
            "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-01T00:51:18Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-75758",
      "id": "CVE-2026-75758",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-01T00:51:18Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-75758",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-75758.json",
      "version": "2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


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