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CVE-2026-63912 (GCVE-0-2026-63912)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-19 14:55 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:37
VLAI
Title
xfrm: esp: restore combined single-frag length gate
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: esp: restore combined single-frag length gate The ESP out-of-place fast path appends the trailer in esp_output_head() before esp_output_tail() allocates the destination page frag. The head-side gate currently checks skb->data_len and tailen separately, but the tail code allocates a single destination frag from the combined post-trailer skb->data_len. Reject the page-frag fast path when the combined aligned length exceeds a page. Otherwise skb_page_frag_refill() may fall back to a single page while the destination sg still spans the combined skb->data_len. Restore this combined-length page gate for both IPv4 and IPv6.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c075c3ea031757f8ea2d34567565b61a868c08d5 , < 566295735530ee513326049b0540f32ec050bf2e (git)
Affected: a583f2f3c8788bffd7fd7baeb76bd6d80543d7ea , < 5d7ab86e2b6bc23054616bf6ac562013bf60af8c (git)
Affected: 5bd8baab087dff657e05387aee802e70304cc813 , < 36519e3d941fc99d3b52c134dbaf311f987a4708 (git)
Affected: 5bd8baab087dff657e05387aee802e70304cc813 , < 322e48187e0245ab2fff6fec2220b0cae677dbec (git)
Affected: 5bd8baab087dff657e05387aee802e70304cc813 , < b84091ceddc9f133229dceab3ccc930bf27f9cba (git)
Affected: 5bd8baab087dff657e05387aee802e70304cc813 , < c093468aea8277f77272a4f199b2e15e19cabb59 (git)
Affected: 5bd8baab087dff657e05387aee802e70304cc813 , < 65f3b3fc2347b89fe21db1e92c7681368415f095 (git)
Affected: 5bd8baab087dff657e05387aee802e70304cc813 , < dfa0d7b0ff1eb6b2c416b8fdb9b4f2cefba57a40 (git)
Affected: 2c66b0c95bb0aa7652ba1eba293d0d5993b35a38 (git)
Affected: ef6f83df1209a7d9bd1c605a62457d4c00f9179e (git)
Affected: 3defefd22ad5fbbe639b6157fb7e6311b2bf333d (git)
Affected: b657030870bb5351c5b1e84d4e9f186da6ca0496 (git)
Affected: 5.10.113 , < 5.10.259 (semver)
Affected: 5.15.36 , < 5.15.210 (semver)
Affected: 4.14.288 , < 4.15 (semver)
Affected: 4.19.252 , < 4.20 (semver)
Affected: 5.4.205 , < 5.5 (semver)
Affected: 5.17.5 , < 5.18 (semver)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.259 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.210 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.176 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.143 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.93 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.35 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0.12 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: esp: restore combined single-frag length gate\n\nThe ESP out-of-place fast path appends the trailer in esp_output_head()\nbefore esp_output_tail() allocates the destination page frag. The\nhead-side gate currently checks skb-\u003edata_len and tailen separately, but\nthe tail code allocates a single destination frag from the combined\npost-trailer skb-\u003edata_len.\n\nReject the page-frag fast path when the combined aligned length exceeds a\npage. Otherwise skb_page_frag_refill() may fall back to a single page while\nthe destination sg still spans the combined skb-\u003edata_len.\n\nRestore this combined-length page gate for both IPv4 and IPv6."
        }
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The bug is in the ESP outbound encryption path reached when IPsec-protected traffic is sent through xfrm (e.g., from an internet-facing VPN/tunnel gateway encrypting responses or forwarded flows to a remote peer). A network peer can influence outbound skb fragment sizes to hit the vulnerable fast path without local shell access.\nAC:L - An attacker can reliably craft payload sizes so ALIGN(skb-\u003edata_len) and ALIGN(tailen) each pass the broken per-field PAGE_SIZE gate while their combined aligned length exceeds PAGE_SIZE, repeatedly probing until the out-of-place page-frag path is taken.\nPR:N - Exploitation does not require configuring xfrm or host admin rights; it only needs the target to already run ESP and the attacker to send traffic that is encrypted on output (e.g., as a remote VPN/site-to-site peer), which is network-layer access rather than local OS privilege.\nUI:N - Triggering the vulnerable ESP output path requires only attacker-controlled network traffic and does not depend on any victim user action such as mounting a filesystem or opening a file.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel memory corruption and privilege escalation within the same kernel security authority, not a cross-boundary escape such as guest-to-host VM breakout or IOMMU bypass.\nC:H - The flaw is a heap out-of-bounds write during AEAD encryption over an undersized page frag; such memory corruption can expose adjacent kernel objects and be leveraged for arbitrary memory disclosure, not merely a bounded leak.\nI:H - Writing past the allocated page-frag buffer corrupts adjacent heap memory and can be developed into arbitrary write or control-flow hijack primitives, matching kernel guidance for out-of-bounds writes.\nA:H - Corrupting kernel heap memory during crypto output can cause immediate kernel oops/panic or persistent instability, and repeated triggering can deny service on VPN gateways and other IPsec endpoints."
            }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:37:06.161Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/566295735530ee513326049b0540f32ec050bf2e"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d7ab86e2b6bc23054616bf6ac562013bf60af8c"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfa0d7b0ff1eb6b2c416b8fdb9b4f2cefba57a40"
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      ],
      "title": "xfrm: esp: restore combined single-frag length gate",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-63912",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-19T14:55:17.188Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.020Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:37:06.161Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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  "dataVersion": "5.2",
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      "date": "2026-09-18",
      "epss": "0.00714",
      "percentile": "0.5217"
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          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: esp: restore combined single-frag length gate\n\nThe ESP out-of-place fast path appends the trailer in esp_output_head()\nbefore esp_output_tail() allocates the destination page frag. The\nhead-side gate currently checks skb-\u003edata_len and tailen separately, but\nthe tail code allocates a single destination frag from the combined\npost-trailer skb-\u003edata_len.\n\nReject the page-frag fast path when the combined aligned length exceeds a\npage. Otherwise skb_page_frag_refill() may fall back to a single page while\nthe destination sg still spans the combined skb-\u003edata_len.\n\nRestore this combined-length page gate for both IPv4 and IPv6."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-63912",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-27T17:44:23.777",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-07-19T16:17:09.097",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/322e48187e0245ab2fff6fec2220b0cae677dbec"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36519e3d941fc99d3b52c134dbaf311f987a4708"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/566295735530ee513326049b0540f32ec050bf2e"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d7ab86e2b6bc23054616bf6ac562013bf60af8c"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65f3b3fc2347b89fe21db1e92c7681368415f095"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b84091ceddc9f133229dceab3ccc930bf27f9cba"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c093468aea8277f77272a4f199b2e15e19cabb59"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfa0d7b0ff1eb6b2c416b8fdb9b4f2cefba57a40"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-05T14:20:49+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-63912",
      "id": "CVE-2026-63912",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-07-19T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "246",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "29",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: xfrm: esp: restore combined single-frag length gate",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-63912.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-10T16:49:09Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-63912",
      "id": "CVE-2026-63912",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-07-21T13:03:43Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "553",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "121",
      "product_status:recommended": "281",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-63912",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-63912.json",
      "version": "17"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.