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CVE-2026-43167 (GCVE-0-2026-43167)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-06 11:27 – Updated: 2026-05-11 22:19
VLAI
Title
xfrm: always flush state and policy upon NETDEV_UNREGISTER event
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: always flush state and policy upon NETDEV_UNREGISTER event syzbot is reporting that "struct xfrm_state" refcount is leaking. unregister_netdevice: waiting for netdevsim0 to become free. Usage count = 2 ref_tracker: netdev@ffff888052f24618 has 1/1 users at __netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4400 [inline] netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4412 [inline] xfrm_dev_state_add+0x3a5/0x1080 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c:316 xfrm_state_construct net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:986 [inline] xfrm_add_sa+0x34ff/0x5fa0 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:1022 xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x58e/0xc00 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3507 netlink_rcv_skb+0x158/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550 xfrm_netlink_rcv+0x71/0x90 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3529 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline] netlink_unicast+0x5aa/0x870 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344 netlink_sendmsg+0x8c8/0xdd0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:742 [inline] ____sys_sendmsg+0xa5d/0xc30 net/socket.c:2592 ___sys_sendmsg+0x134/0x1d0 net/socket.c:2646 __sys_sendmsg+0x16d/0x220 net/socket.c:2678 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f This is because commit d77e38e612a0 ("xfrm: Add an IPsec hardware offloading API") implemented xfrm_dev_unregister() as no-op despite xfrm_dev_state_add() from xfrm_state_construct() acquires a reference to "struct net_device". I guess that that commit expected that NETDEV_DOWN event is fired before NETDEV_UNREGISTER event fires, and also assumed that xfrm_dev_state_add() is called only if (dev->features & NETIF_F_HW_ESP) != 0. Sabrina Dubroca identified steps to reproduce the same symptoms as below. echo 0 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device dev=$(ls -1 /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim0/net/) ip xfrm state add src 192.168.13.1 dst 192.168.13.2 proto esp \ spi 0x1000 mode tunnel aead 'rfc4106(gcm(aes))' $key 128 \ offload crypto dev $dev dir out ethtool -K $dev esp-hw-offload off echo 0 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device Like these steps indicate, the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit can be cleared after xfrm_dev_state_add() acquired a reference to "struct net_device". Also, xfrm_dev_state_add() does not check for the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit when acquiring a reference to "struct net_device". Commit 03891f820c21 ("xfrm: handle NETDEV_UNREGISTER for xfrm device") re-introduced the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event to xfrm_dev_event(), but that commit for unknown reason chose to share xfrm_dev_down() between the NETDEV_DOWN event and the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event. I guess that that commit missed the behavior in the previous paragraph. Therefore, we need to re-introduce xfrm_dev_unregister() in order to release the reference to "struct net_device" by unconditionally flushing state and policy.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3 , < 166801e49a5b5fc127b8c9e2f110f303cfddfbc3 (git)
Affected: d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3 , < a3c8fede034fa27892f87c863cbd5493167d17ed (git)
Affected: d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3 , < 59581778792cbaf8ad788f4a21dc663ce986050e (git)
Affected: d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3 , < 8c75c455ecd3bfd2f36abf66edb7021c4fa19ec4 (git)
Affected: d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3 , < 4efa91a28576054aae0e6dad9cba8fed8293aef8 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.128 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.75 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.16 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19.6 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: always flush state and policy upon NETDEV_UNREGISTER event\n\nsyzbot is reporting that \"struct xfrm_state\" refcount is leaking.\n\n  unregister_netdevice: waiting for netdevsim0 to become free. Usage count = 2\n  ref_tracker: netdev@ffff888052f24618 has 1/1 users at\n       __netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4400 [inline]\n       netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4412 [inline]\n       xfrm_dev_state_add+0x3a5/0x1080 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c:316\n       xfrm_state_construct net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:986 [inline]\n       xfrm_add_sa+0x34ff/0x5fa0 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:1022\n       xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x58e/0xc00 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3507\n       netlink_rcv_skb+0x158/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550\n       xfrm_netlink_rcv+0x71/0x90 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3529\n       netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]\n       netlink_unicast+0x5aa/0x870 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344\n       netlink_sendmsg+0x8c8/0xdd0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894\n       sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline]\n       __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:742 [inline]\n       ____sys_sendmsg+0xa5d/0xc30 net/socket.c:2592\n       ___sys_sendmsg+0x134/0x1d0 net/socket.c:2646\n       __sys_sendmsg+0x16d/0x220 net/socket.c:2678\n       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n       do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nThis is because commit d77e38e612a0 (\"xfrm: Add an IPsec hardware\noffloading API\") implemented xfrm_dev_unregister() as no-op despite\nxfrm_dev_state_add() from xfrm_state_construct() acquires a reference\nto \"struct net_device\".\nI guess that that commit expected that NETDEV_DOWN event is fired before\nNETDEV_UNREGISTER event fires, and also assumed that xfrm_dev_state_add()\nis called only if (dev-\u003efeatures \u0026 NETIF_F_HW_ESP) != 0.\n\nSabrina Dubroca identified steps to reproduce the same symptoms as below.\n\n  echo 0 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device\n  dev=$(ls -1 /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim0/net/)\n  ip xfrm state add src 192.168.13.1 dst 192.168.13.2 proto esp \\\n     spi 0x1000 mode tunnel aead \u0027rfc4106(gcm(aes))\u0027 $key 128   \\\n     offload crypto dev $dev dir out\n  ethtool -K $dev esp-hw-offload off\n  echo 0 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device\n\nLike these steps indicate, the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit can be cleared after\nxfrm_dev_state_add() acquired a reference to \"struct net_device\".\nAlso, xfrm_dev_state_add() does not check for the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit\nwhen acquiring a reference to \"struct net_device\".\n\nCommit 03891f820c21 (\"xfrm: handle NETDEV_UNREGISTER for xfrm device\")\nre-introduced the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event to xfrm_dev_event(), but that\ncommit for unknown reason chose to share xfrm_dev_down() between the\nNETDEV_DOWN event and the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event.\nI guess that that commit missed the behavior in the previous paragraph.\n\nTherefore, we need to re-introduce xfrm_dev_unregister() in order to\nrelease the reference to \"struct net_device\" by unconditionally flushing\nstate and policy."
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T22:19:04.940Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/166801e49a5b5fc127b8c9e2f110f303cfddfbc3"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3c8fede034fa27892f87c863cbd5493167d17ed"
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-43167",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-06T11:27:43.904Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-01T14:12:55.990Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T22:19:04.940Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "cve": "CVE-2026-43167",
      "date": "2026-09-17",
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      "percentile": "0.02269"
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-43167\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-05-06T12:16:34.913\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T10:49:03.630\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nxfrm: always flush state and policy upon NETDEV_UNREGISTER event\\n\\nsyzbot is reporting that \\\"struct xfrm_state\\\" refcount is leaking.\\n\\n  unregister_netdevice: waiting for netdevsim0 to become free. Usage count = 2\\n  ref_tracker: netdev@ffff888052f24618 has 1/1 users at\\n       __netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4400 [inline]\\n       netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4412 [inline]\\n       xfrm_dev_state_add+0x3a5/0x1080 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c:316\\n       xfrm_state_construct net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:986 [inline]\\n       xfrm_add_sa+0x34ff/0x5fa0 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:1022\\n       xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x58e/0xc00 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3507\\n       netlink_rcv_skb+0x158/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550\\n       xfrm_netlink_rcv+0x71/0x90 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3529\\n       netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]\\n       netlink_unicast+0x5aa/0x870 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344\\n       netlink_sendmsg+0x8c8/0xdd0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894\\n       sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline]\\n       __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:742 [inline]\\n       ____sys_sendmsg+0xa5d/0xc30 net/socket.c:2592\\n       ___sys_sendmsg+0x134/0x1d0 net/socket.c:2646\\n       __sys_sendmsg+0x16d/0x220 net/socket.c:2678\\n       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\\n       do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\\n       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\\n\\nThis is because commit d77e38e612a0 (\\\"xfrm: Add an IPsec hardware\\noffloading API\\\") implemented xfrm_dev_unregister() as no-op despite\\nxfrm_dev_state_add() from xfrm_state_construct() acquires a reference\\nto \\\"struct net_device\\\".\\nI guess that that commit expected that NETDEV_DOWN event is fired before\\nNETDEV_UNREGISTER event fires, and also assumed that xfrm_dev_state_add()\\nis called only if (dev-\u003efeatures \u0026 NETIF_F_HW_ESP) != 0.\\n\\nSabrina Dubroca identified steps to reproduce the same symptoms as below.\\n\\n  echo 0 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device\\n  dev=$(ls -1 /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim0/net/)\\n  ip xfrm state add src 192.168.13.1 dst 192.168.13.2 proto esp \\\\\\n     spi 0x1000 mode tunnel aead \u0027rfc4106(gcm(aes))\u0027 $key 128   \\\\\\n     offload crypto dev $dev dir out\\n  ethtool -K $dev esp-hw-offload off\\n  echo 0 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device\\n\\nLike these steps indicate, the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit can be cleared after\\nxfrm_dev_state_add() acquired a reference to \\\"struct net_device\\\".\\nAlso, xfrm_dev_state_add() does not check for the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit\\nwhen acquiring a reference to \\\"struct net_device\\\".\\n\\nCommit 03891f820c21 (\\\"xfrm: handle NETDEV_UNREGISTER for xfrm device\\\")\\nre-introduced the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event to xfrm_dev_event(), but that\\ncommit for unknown reason chose to share xfrm_dev_down() between the\\nNETDEV_DOWN event and the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event.\\nI guess that that commit missed the behavior in the previous paragraph.\\n\\nTherefore, we need to re-introduce xfrm_dev_unregister() in order to\\nrelease the reference to \\\"struct net_device\\\" by unconditionally flushing\\nstate and policy.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3\",\"lessThan\":\"166801e49a5b5fc127b8c9e2f110f303cfddfbc3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3\",\"lessThan\":\"a3c8fede034fa27892f87c863cbd5493167d17ed\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3\",\"lessThan\":\"59581778792cbaf8ad788f4a21dc663ce986050e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3\",\"lessThan\":\"8c75c455ecd3bfd2f36abf66edb7021c4fa19ec4\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d77e38e612a017480157fe6d2c1422f42cb5b7e3\",\"lessThan\":\"4efa91a28576054aae0e6dad9cba8fed8293aef8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.12\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.12\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.128\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.75\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.16\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.19.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.12\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.128\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E90AEF03-C864-4508-AA5A-71B005F9732D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.75\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"BCE16369-98ED-41CF-8995-DFDC10B288D2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.16\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B4B8CDA9-BADF-4CF5-8B3B-702DE8EEA40B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.19.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"373EEEDA-FAA1-4FB4-B6ED-DB4DD99DBE67\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F253B622-8837-4245-BCE5-A7BF8FC76A16\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/166801e49a5b5fc127b8c9e2f110f303cfddfbc3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4efa91a28576054aae0e6dad9cba8fed8293aef8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/59581778792cbaf8ad788f4a21dc663ce986050e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8c75c455ecd3bfd2f36abf66edb7021c4fa19ec4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3c8fede034fa27892f87c863cbd5493167d17ed\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-02T21:46:29+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-43167",
      "id": "CVE-2026-43167",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-05-06T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "232",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: xfrm: always flush state and policy upon NETDEV_UNREGISTER event",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-43167.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-11T01:20:22Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-43167",
      "id": "CVE-2026-43167",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-05-09T02:41:42Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "697",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "6",
      "product_status:recommended": "250",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-43167",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-43167.json",
      "version": "13"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.