CVE-2026-32322 (GCVE-0-2026-32322)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 21:39 – Updated: 2026-03-13 15:00

Title

soroban-sdk: `Fr` scalar field equality comparison bypasses modular reduction

Summary

soroban-sdk is a Rust SDK for Soroban contracts. Prior to 22.0.11, 23.5.3, and 25.3.0, The Fr (scalar field) types for BN254 and BLS12-381 in soroban-sdk compared values using their raw U256 representation without first reducing modulo the field modulus r. This caused mathematically equal field elements to compare as not-equal when one or both values were unreduced (i.e., >= r). The vulnerability requires an attacker to supply crafted Fr values through contract inputs, and compare them directly without going through host-side arithmetic operations. Smart contracts that rely on Fr equality checks for security-critical logic could produce incorrect results. The impact depends on how the affected contract uses Fr equality comparisons, but can result in incorrect authorization decisions or validation bypasses in contracts that perform equality checks on user-supplied scalar values. This vulnerability is fixed in 22.0.11, 23.5.3, and 25.3.0.

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CWE

CWE-697 - Incorrect Comparison

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/securit…

x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	stellar	rs-soroban-sdk	Affected: >= 25.0.0, < 25.3.0 Affected: >= 23.0.0, < 23.5.3 Affected: < 22.0.11

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GHSA-X2HW-PX52-WP4M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 20:02 – Updated: 2026-03-16 17:07

Summary

rs-soroban-sdk: `Fr` scalar field equality comparison bypasses modular reduction

Details

Security Advisory: Incorrect Equality for Fr Scalar Field Types (BN254, BLS12-381)

Summary

Missing modular reduction in Fr causes incorrect equality comparisons for BN254 and BLS12-381 types in soroban-sdk.

Impact

The Fr (scalar field) types for BN254 and BLS12-381 in soroban-sdk compared values using their raw U256 representation without first reducing modulo the field modulus r. This caused mathematically equal field elements to compare as not-equal when one or both values were unreduced (i.e., >= r).

The vulnerability requires an attacker to supply crafted Fr values through contract inputs, and compare them directly without going through host-side arithmetic operations.

Smart contracts that rely on Fr equality checks for security-critical logic could produce incorrect results. The impact depends on how the affected contract uses Fr equality comparisons, but can result in incorrect authorization decisions or validation bypasses in contracts that perform equality checks on user-supplied scalar values.

Details

Fr types for both curves are wrappers around U256. The PartialEq implementation compared the raw U256 values directly. However, the constructors (from_u256, from_bytes, From<U256>) accepted arbitrary U256 values without reducing them modulo r. This meant two Fr values representing the same field element (e.g., 1 and r + 1) could have different internal representations and compare as not-equal.

This issue was compounded by an asymmetry: all host-side arithmetic operations (fr_add, fr_sub, fr_mul, fr_pow, fr_inv) always return canonically reduced results in [0, r), while user-constructed Fr values could hold unreduced representations. Comparing a user-supplied Fr against a host-computed Fr would therefore produce incorrect results even when the underlying field elements were identical.

Example

let r = /* BN254 scalar field modulus */;
let a = Fr::from_u256(r + 1); // unreduced, stores r+1
let b = Fr::from_u256(1);     // reduced, stores 1

// a and b represent the same field element (1), but compared as NOT equal
assert_eq!(a, b); // FAILED before the fix

Patches

All Fr construction paths now reduce the input modulo r, ensuring a canonical representation in [0, r). This guarantees that equal field elements always have identical internal representations, making the existing PartialEq comparison correct.

Additionally, Fp and Fp2 base field types for both curves now validate that values are strictly less than the field modulus on construction, rejecting out-of-range inputs.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible: - Manually reduce the underlying U256 via rem_euclid by the field modulus r before constructing Fr, or round-trip through host Fr arithmetic (e.g., fr_add(val, zero)) which always returns reduced results. Note: BN254 does not expose dedicated Fr host functions, so rem_euclid is the only option there.

Recommendations

Upgrade to the patched version of soroban-sdk.
Review any deployed contracts that accept Fr values as input, and compare those values using ==, !=, or assert_eq!. These contracts may be vulnerable if an attacker can supply unreduced scalar values to bypass equality checks.

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "soroban-sdk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "soroban-sdk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "23.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "23.5.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "soroban-sdk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "22.0.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32322"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-697"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-13T20:02:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "# Security Advisory: Incorrect Equality for Fr Scalar Field Types (BN254, BLS12-381)\n\n## Summary\n\nMissing modular reduction in `Fr` causes incorrect equality comparisons for BN254 and BLS12-381 types in soroban-sdk.\n\n## Impact\n\nThe `Fr` (scalar field) types for BN254 and BLS12-381 in `soroban-sdk` compared values using their raw `U256` representation without first reducing modulo the field modulus `r`. This caused mathematically equal field elements to compare as not-equal when one or both values were unreduced (i.e., \u003e= `r`). \n\nThe vulnerability requires an attacker to supply crafted `Fr` values through contract inputs, and compare them directly without going through host-side arithmetic operations.\n\nSmart contracts that rely on `Fr` equality checks for security-critical logic could produce incorrect results. The impact depends on how the affected contract uses Fr equality comparisons, but can result in incorrect authorization decisions or validation bypasses in contracts that perform equality checks on user-supplied scalar values.\n\n## Details\n\n`Fr` types for both curves are wrappers around `U256`. The `PartialEq` implementation compared the raw `U256` values directly. However, the constructors (`from_u256`, `from_bytes`, `From\u003cU256\u003e`) accepted arbitrary `U256` values without reducing them modulo `r`. This meant two `Fr` values representing the same field element (e.g., `1` and `r + 1`) could have different internal representations and compare as not-equal.\n\nThis issue was compounded by an asymmetry: all host-side arithmetic operations (`fr_add`, `fr_sub`, `fr_mul`, `fr_pow`, `fr_inv`) always return canonically reduced results in `[0, r)`, while user-constructed `Fr` values could hold unreduced representations. Comparing a user-supplied `Fr` against a host-computed `Fr` would therefore produce incorrect results even when the underlying field elements were identical.\n\n### Example\n\n```rust\nlet r = /* BN254 scalar field modulus */;\nlet a = Fr::from_u256(r + 1); // unreduced, stores r+1\nlet b = Fr::from_u256(1);     // reduced, stores 1\n\n// a and b represent the same field element (1), but compared as NOT equal\nassert_eq!(a, b); // FAILED before the fix\n```\n\n## Patches\n\nAll `Fr` construction paths now reduce the input modulo `r`, ensuring a canonical representation in `[0, r)`. This guarantees that equal field elements always have identical internal representations, making the existing `PartialEq` comparison correct.\n\nAdditionally, `Fp` and `Fp2` base field types for both curves now validate that values are strictly less than the field modulus on construction, rejecting out-of-range inputs.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible:\n- Manually reduce the underlying `U256` via `rem_euclid` by the field modulus `r` before constructing `Fr`, or round-trip through host `Fr` arithmetic (e.g., `fr_add(val, zero)`) which always returns reduced results. Note: BN254 does not expose dedicated `Fr` host functions, so `rem_euclid` is the only option there.\n\n## Recommendations\n\n- Upgrade to the patched version of `soroban-sdk`.\n- Review any deployed contracts that accept `Fr` values as input, and compare those values using `==`, `!=`, or `assert_eq!`. These contracts may be vulnerable if an attacker can supply unreduced scalar values to bypass equality checks.",
  "id": "GHSA-x2hw-px52-wp4m",
  "modified": "2026-03-16T17:07:08Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T20:02:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-x2hw-px52-wp4m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32322"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/pull/1750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/commit/082424b30bf22ea7fb8c79f16ccd135e0ae9f3db"
    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/releases/tag/v22.0.11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/releases/tag/v23.5.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/releases/tag/v25.3.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "rs-soroban-sdk: `Fr` scalar field equality comparison bypasses modular reduction"
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-32322

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-03-13 19:54 - Updated: 2026-03-16 14:54

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-x2hw-px52-wp4m

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "soroban-sdk is a Rust SDK for Soroban contracts. Prior to 22.0.11, 23.5.3, and 25.3.0, The Fr (scalar field) types for BN254 and BLS12-381 in soroban-sdk compared values using their raw U256 representation without first reducing modulo the field modulus r. This caused mathematically equal field elements to compare as not-equal when one or both values were unreduced (i.e., \u003e= r). The vulnerability requires an attacker to supply crafted Fr values through contract inputs, and compare them directly without going through host-side arithmetic operations. Smart contracts that rely on Fr equality checks for security-critical logic could produce incorrect results. The impact depends on how the affected contract uses Fr equality comparisons, but can result in incorrect authorization decisions or validation bypasses in contracts that perform equality checks on user-supplied scalar values. This vulnerability is fixed in 22.0.11, 23.5.3, and 25.3.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-32322",
  "lastModified": "2026-03-16T14:54:11.293",
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    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 5.3,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
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  "published": "2026-03-13T19:54:42.610",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-x2hw-px52-wp4m"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
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        {
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          "value": "CWE-697"
        }
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-32322 (GCVE-0-2026-32322)

GHSA-X2HW-PX52-WP4M

Security Advisory: Incorrect Equality for Fr Scalar Field Types (BN254, BLS12-381)

Summary

Impact

Details

Example

Patches

Workarounds

Recommendations

FKIE_CVE-2026-32322

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature