Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-104852 (GCVE-0-2026-104852)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 22:56 – Updated: 2026-10-05 22:56

Title

GraphQL Tools has prototype pollution in well-established utility function `mergeDeep`

Summary

GraphQL Tools provides utilities for building, stitching, and mocking GraphQL schemas. Prior to 12.0.1, the GraphQL Tools utils package's mergeDeep function follows inherited properties while recursively merging source objects and does not exclude __proto__, constructor, or prototype keys. An unauthenticated GraphQL client can alias fields to those names so responses from two subgraphs collide during ordinary supergraph result merging, causing mergeDeep to traverse Object and Function prototypes and overwrite Function.prototype.call with a subgraph-supplied value. This breaks subsequent requests in the process until restart. This issue is fixed in version 12.0.1.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CWE

CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root Scorecard

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/0…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
ardatan	graphql-tools	Affected: < 12.0.1	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "graphql-tools",
          "vendor": "ardatan",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 12.0.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "GraphQL Tools provides utilities for building, stitching, and mocking GraphQL schemas. Prior to 12.0.1, the GraphQL Tools utils package\u0027s mergeDeep function follows inherited properties while recursively merging source objects and does not exclude __proto__, constructor, or prototype keys. An unauthenticated GraphQL client can alias fields to those names so responses from two subgraphs collide during ordinary supergraph result merging, causing mergeDeep to traverse Object and Function prototypes and overwrite Function.prototype.call with a subgraph-supplied value. This breaks subsequent requests in the process until restart. This issue is fixed in version 12.0.1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1321",
              "description": "CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (\u0027Prototype Pollution\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T22:56:43.779Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/0b9529f1988fd36186a7c106a6efe0356f1b7f2e",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/0b9529f1988fd36186a7c106a6efe0356f1b7f2e"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.1"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "GraphQL Tools has prototype pollution in well-established utility function `mergeDeep`"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-104852",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-05T22:56:43.779Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-02T14:38:43.244Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T22:56:43.779Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "graphql-tools",
                "vendor": "ardatan",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 12.0.1"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "GraphQL Tools provides utilities for building, stitching, and mocking GraphQL schemas. Prior to 12.0.1, the GraphQL Tools utils package\u0027s mergeDeep function follows inherited properties while recursively merging source objects and does not exclude __proto__, constructor, or prototype keys. An unauthenticated GraphQL client can alias fields to those names so responses from two subgraphs collide during ordinary supergraph result merging, causing mergeDeep to traverse Object and Function prototypes and overwrite Function.prototype.call with a subgraph-supplied value. This breaks subsequent requests in the process until restart. This issue is fixed in version 12.0.1."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-104852",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-05T23:17:00.213",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 8.2,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-05T23:17:00.213",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/0b9529f1988fd36186a7c106a6efe0356f1b7f2e"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.1"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Received",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-1321"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-104852

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-05 23:17 - Updated: 2026-10-05 23:17

Severity

8.2 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/0b9529f1988fd36186a7c106a6efe0356f1b7f2e
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.1
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "graphql-tools",
          "vendor": "ardatan",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 12.0.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "GraphQL Tools provides utilities for building, stitching, and mocking GraphQL schemas. Prior to 12.0.1, the GraphQL Tools utils package\u0027s mergeDeep function follows inherited properties while recursively merging source objects and does not exclude __proto__, constructor, or prototype keys. An unauthenticated GraphQL client can alias fields to those names so responses from two subgraphs collide during ordinary supergraph result merging, causing mergeDeep to traverse Object and Function prototypes and overwrite Function.prototype.call with a subgraph-supplied value. This breaks subsequent requests in the process until restart. This issue is fixed in version 12.0.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-104852",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-05T23:17:00.213",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.2,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-10-05T23:17:00.213",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/0b9529f1988fd36186a7c106a6efe0356f1b7f2e"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.1"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-1321"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7MX3-VVMW-HJMV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-05 22:56 – Updated: 2026-10-05 22:56

Summary

GraphQL Tools has prototype pollution in well-established utility function `mergeDeep`

Details

Closed by https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423 Mitigated in Hive Gateway by https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600

A client can alias fields to constructor, __proto__ or prototype so that the response keys from two subgraphs collide on those names during result merging. Because mergeDeep recursed through inherited properties, the merge walked {}.constructor to Object, then Object.__proto__ to Function.prototype, and wrote a subgraph-supplied value over Function.prototype.call, breaking every subsequent request in the process until restart. This is remotely triggerable by an unauthenticated client with a single query against any supergraph that merges an object from two subgraphs, which is the ordinary @shareable or entity case, so it is a denial of service rather than a theoretical hardening issue.

{
  shared {
    fieldA
    constructor: fieldB {
      __proto__: child {
        call: value
      }
    }
  }
}

Severity

8.2 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@graphql-tools/utils"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "12.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-104852"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-05T22:56:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Closed by https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423\nMitigated in Hive Gateway by https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600\n\nA client can alias fields to `constructor`, `__proto__` or `prototype` so that the response keys from two subgraphs collide on those names during result merging. Because `mergeDeep` recursed through inherited properties, the merge walked `{}.constructor` to `Object`, then `Object.__proto__` to `Function.prototype`, and wrote a subgraph-supplied value over `Function.prototype.call`, breaking every subsequent request in the process until restart. This is remotely triggerable by an unauthenticated client with a single query against any supergraph that merges an object from two subgraphs, which is the ordinary `@shareable` or entity case, so it is a denial of service rather than a theoretical hardening issue.\n\n\n```graphql\n{\n  shared {\n    fieldA\n    constructor: fieldB {\n      __proto__: child {\n        call: value\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv",
  "modified": "2026-10-05T22:56:47Z",
  "published": "2026-10-05T22:56:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-7mx3-vvmw-hjmv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/gateway/pull/2600"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/0b9529f1988fd36186a7c106a6efe0356f1b7f2e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "GraphQL Tools has prototype pollution in well-established utility function `mergeDeep`"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-104852 (GCVE-0-2026-104852)

FKIE_CVE-2026-104852

GHSA-7MX3-VVMW-HJMV

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour