Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-48372 (GCVE-0-2025-48372)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-22 20:38 – Updated: 2025-05-23 13:56

Title

Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks

Summary

Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.

Severity

6.6 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-05-23 13:42 UTC

CWE

CWE-521 - Weak Password Requirements

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/schule111/Schule/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/schule111/Schule/commit/cd53ab…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
schule111	Schule	Affected: < 1.0.1	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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                "id": "CVE-2025-48372",
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      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
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      "title": "Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks",
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}

FKIE_CVE-2025-48372

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-05-22 21:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:29

Severity

7.3 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/schule111/Schule/commit/cd53abbea93943f2c60a5281d45bebadc57636b7	Patch
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/schule111/Schule/security/advisories/GHSA-6c48-67xx-vqgc	Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	schule111	schule_school_management_system	1.0.0

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "Schule",
          "vendor": "schule111",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.0.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
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            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:schule111:schule_school_management_system:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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              "vulnerable": true
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          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000\u20139999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Schule es un software de gesti\u00f3n escolar de c\u00f3digo abierto. La funci\u00f3n generateOTP() genera una contrase\u00f1a de un solo uso (OTP) num\u00e9rica de 4 d\u00edgitos. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 1.0.1, incluso utilizando un generador de n\u00fameros aleatorios seguro, la corta longitud y el rango limitado (1000-9999) resultaban en solo 9000 combinaciones posibles. Este peque\u00f1o espacio de claves hace que la OTP sea muy vulnerable a ataques de fuerza bruta, especialmente en ausencia de mecanismos de limitaci\u00f3n de velocidad o bloqueo robustos. La versi\u00f3n 1.0.1 corrige este problema."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-48372",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:29:33.900",
  "metrics": {
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          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
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          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
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        "type": "Primary"
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          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
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    }
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        {
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        }
      ],
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      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.