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CVE-2025-38584 (GCVE-0-2025-38584)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 17:03 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:03
VLAI
Title
padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all There is a race condition/UAF in padata_reorder that goes back to the initial commit. A reference count is taken at the start of the process in padata_do_parallel, and released at the end in padata_serial_worker. This reference count is (and only is) required for padata_replace to function correctly. If padata_replace is never called then there is no issue. In the function padata_reorder which serves as the core of padata, as soon as padata is added to queue->serial.list, and the associated spin lock released, that padata may be processed and the reference count on pd would go away. Fix this by getting the next padata before the squeue->serial lock is released. In order to make this possible, simplify padata_reorder by only calling it once the next padata arrives.
Severity
7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6 (git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < 73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a (git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < 609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680 (git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db (git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45 (git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa (git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52 (git)
Affected: 16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300 , < 71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.34
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.34 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.258 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.140 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.86 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npadata: Fix pd UAF once and for all\n\nThere is a race condition/UAF in padata_reorder that goes back\nto the initial commit.  A reference count is taken at the start\nof the process in padata_do_parallel, and released at the end in\npadata_serial_worker.\n\nThis reference count is (and only is) required for padata_replace\nto function correctly.  If padata_replace is never called then\nthere is no issue.\n\nIn the function padata_reorder which serves as the core of padata,\nas soon as padata is added to queue-\u003eserial.list, and the associated\nspin lock released, that padata may be processed and the reference\ncount on pd would go away.\n\nFix this by getting the next padata before the squeue-\u003eserial lock\nis released.\n\nIn order to make this possible, simplify padata_reorder by only\ncalling it once the next padata arrives."
        }
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            "version": "3.1"
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable padata reorder path is only driven by pcrypt AEAD requests, which an unprivileged local user submits via AF_ALG sockets (or in-kernel IPsec); the required `padata_replace()`/`padata_free_shell()` side is a local sysfs/CPU-hotplug/netlink action, so a purely remote attacker cannot set up the necessary state.\nAC:H - The attacker controls only one side of the race (the pcrypt request stream); dropping the base `pd` reference requires `padata_replace()` via root-only sysfs cpumask writes, CPU hotplug, or init-ns CAP_NET_ADMIN `crypto_del_alg` \u2014 conditions truly outside an unprivileged attacker\u0027s control, and the window between `spin_unlock(\u0026squeue-\u003eserial.lock)` and the next `pd` dereference must coincide with the final refcount drop.\nPR:L - An unprivileged user with no capabilities can open AF_ALG sockets and flood `pcrypt(...)` requests to drive `padata_do_parallel`/`padata_do_serial` and hold the race open; no capability check exists on that path.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 the `padata_replace()` trigger routinely occurs automatically via CPU hotplug (cloud vCPU resize, thermal/power hotplug on embedded and Android, suspend/resume offlining secondary CPUs) rather than through a human interacting with content.\nS:U - The use-after-free is on a kernel slab/percpu object and its consequences stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct parallel_data` and its freed percpu `reorder_list`/`squeue` are read after free (`pd-\u003ecpu`, `pd-\u003eprocessed`, `reorder-\u003elock`, list pointers), and reclaiming those allocations with attacker-sprayed objects turns the UAF into an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - After the free, `padata_reorder()` writes into the freed object (`spin_unlock_bh(\u0026pd-\u003elock)`, `refcount_inc()`, `list_del_init()`) and queues `\u0026pd-\u003ereorder_work` and `\u0026squeue-\u003ework` \u2014 work_structs inside freed memory whose `func` pointer is later invoked, giving control-flow hijack and privilege escalation once the slab is reclaimed.\nA:H - Even unexploited, the use-after-free corrupts freed slab and percpu memory, takes a spinlock in freed storage, and queues a work item with a stale function pointer, reliably producing a kernel oops/panic."
            }
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91"
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    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.026Z",
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38584\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-08-19T17:15:35.723\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:23:28.637\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\npadata: Fix pd UAF once and for all\\n\\nThere is a race condition/UAF in padata_reorder that goes back\\nto the initial commit.  A reference count is taken at the start\\nof the process in padata_do_parallel, and released at the end in\\npadata_serial_worker.\\n\\nThis reference count is (and only is) required for padata_replace\\nto function correctly.  If padata_replace is never called then\\nthere is no issue.\\n\\nIn the function padata_reorder which serves as the core of padata,\\nas soon as padata is added to queue-\u003eserial.list, and the associated\\nspin lock released, that padata may be processed and the reference\\ncount on pd would go away.\\n\\nFix this by getting the next padata before the squeue-\u003eserial lock\\nis released.\\n\\nIn order to make this possible, simplify padata_reorder by only\\ncalling it once the next padata arrives.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: padata: Arregla pd UAF de una vez por todas Hay una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n/UAF en padata_reorder que se remonta a la confirmaci\u00f3n inicial. Se toma un recuento de referencias al inicio del proceso en padata_do_parallel y se libera al final en padata_serial_worker. Este recuento de referencias es (y solo es) necesario para que padata_replace funcione correctamente. Si nunca se llama a padata_replace, no hay problema. En la funci\u00f3n padata_reorder que sirve como n\u00facleo de padata, tan pronto como padata se agrega a queue-\u0026gt;serial.list y se libera el bloqueo de giro asociado, ese padata puede procesarse y el recuento de referencias en pd desaparecer\u00eda. Arregla esto obteniendo el siguiente padata antes de que se libere el bloqueo squeue-\u0026gt;serial. Para que esto sea posible, simplifica padata_reorder llam\u00e1ndolo solo una vez que llega el siguiente padata.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/linux/padata.h\",\"kernel/padata.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16295bec6398a3eedc9377e1af6ff4c71b98c300\",\"lessThan\":\"71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/linux/padata.h\",\"kernel/padata.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.6.34\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"2.6.34\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.258\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.209\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.175\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.140\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.86\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.0,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"2.6.34\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"70708DCC-6F9D-4EFE-AF47-0CA615284AD2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58182352-D7DF-4CC9-841E-03C1D852C3FB\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/609e59193fc6d9dd323f1c6ae1fdd721f1c79680\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71203f68c7749609d7fc8ae6ad054bdedeb24f91\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73f132e60857038416540c3599b1de6033d7575a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a11a12a9880ab37342b73c93cfe1a3ada02ff0db\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2048e475e22b13dc3e53d485b7e6e11464ed9a6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdf79bd2e1ecb3cc75631c73d8f4149be6019a52\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbe3e911a59bda6de96e7cae387ff882c2c177fa\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f231d5d001ec75f5886c02d496a4c79edc383d45\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:03:02+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38584",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38584",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "260",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: padata: Fix pd UAF once and for all",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38584.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-11T02:00:08Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38584",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38584",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T23:23:27Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "804",
      "product_status:recommended": "464",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38584",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38584.json",
      "version": "55"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.