CVE-2025-23142 (GCVE-0-2025-23142)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-01 12:55 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:57
VLAI
Title
sctp: detect and prevent references to a freed transport in sendmsg
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sctp: detect and prevent references to a freed transport in sendmsg sctp_sendmsg() re-uses associations and transports when possible by doing a lookup based on the socket endpoint and the message destination address, and then sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() sets the selected transport in all the message chunks to be sent. There's a possible race condition if another thread triggers the removal of that selected transport, for instance, by explicitly unbinding an address with setsockopt(SCTP_SOCKOPT_BINDX_REM), after the chunks have been set up and before the message is sent. This can happen if the send buffer is full, during the period when the sender thread temporarily releases the socket lock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(). This causes the access to the transport data in sctp_outq_select_transport(), when the association outqueue is flushed, to result in a use-after-free read. This change avoids this scenario by having sctp_transport_free() signal the freeing of the transport, tagging it as "dead". In order to do this, the patch restores the "dead" bit in struct sctp_transport, which was removed in commit 47faa1e4c50e ("sctp: remove the dead field of sctp_transport"). Then, in the scenario where the sender thread has released the socket lock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(), the bit is checked again after re-acquiring the socket lock to detect the deletion. This is done while holding a reference to the transport to prevent it from being freed in the process. If the transport was deleted while the socket lock was relinquished, sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() will return -EAGAIN to let userspace retry the send. The bug was found by a private syzbot instance (see the error report [1] and the C reproducer that triggers it [2]).
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < 547762250220325d350d0917a7231480e0f4142b (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < 3257386be6a7eb8a8bfc9cbfb746df4eb4fc70e8 (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < 0f7df4899299ce4662e5f95badb9dbc57cc37fa5 (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < 7a63f4fb0efb4e69efd990cbb740a848679ec4b0 (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < c6fefcb71d246baaf3bacdad1af7ff50ebcfe652 (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < 9e7c37fadb3be1fc33073fcf10aa96d166caa697 (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < 5bc83bdf5f5b8010d1ca5a4555537e62413ab4e2 (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < 2e5068b7e0ae0a54f6cfd03a2f80977da657f1ee (git)
Affected: df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9 , < f1a69a940de58b16e8249dff26f74c8cc59b32be (git)
Affected: 26e51e5287eed4d96ea66a3da95429f42940f013 (git)
Affected: 8b97e045bd6d37f96f161e4d371ae174148e1587 (git)
Affected: e044554e97e812eb257d073bcc130e0ea653858f (git)
Affected: 8376fdc999be008f0e9918db52f1ed8c08f5a1c9 (git)
Affected: cd947138e8c31e8cfcd489c12e9b97271beb6e79 (git)
Affected: 3.18.128 , < 3.19 (semver)
Affected: 4.4.166 , < 4.5 (semver)
Affected: 4.9.142 , < 4.10 (semver)
Affected: 4.14.85 , < 4.15 (semver)
Affected: 4.19.6 , < 4.20 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.20
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.20 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.293 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.237 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.181 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.135 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.88 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.24 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.12 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.3 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: detect and prevent references to a freed transport in sendmsg\n\nsctp_sendmsg() re-uses associations and transports when possible by\ndoing a lookup based on the socket endpoint and the message destination\naddress, and then sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() sets the selected transport in\nall the message chunks to be sent.\n\nThere\u0027s a possible race condition if another thread triggers the removal\nof that selected transport, for instance, by explicitly unbinding an\naddress with setsockopt(SCTP_SOCKOPT_BINDX_REM), after the chunks have\nbeen set up and before the message is sent. This can happen if the send\nbuffer is full, during the period when the sender thread temporarily\nreleases the socket lock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf().\n\nThis causes the access to the transport data in\nsctp_outq_select_transport(), when the association outqueue is flushed,\nto result in a use-after-free read.\n\nThis change avoids this scenario by having sctp_transport_free() signal\nthe freeing of the transport, tagging it as \"dead\". In order to do this,\nthe patch restores the \"dead\" bit in struct sctp_transport, which was\nremoved in\ncommit 47faa1e4c50e (\"sctp: remove the dead field of sctp_transport\").\n\nThen, in the scenario where the sender thread has released the socket\nlock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(), the bit is checked again after\nre-acquiring the socket lock to detect the deletion. This is done while\nholding a reference to the transport to prevent it from being freed in\nthe process.\n\nIf the transport was deleted while the socket lock was relinquished,\nsctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() will return -EAGAIN to let userspace retry the\nsend.\n\nThe bug was found by a private syzbot instance (see the error report [1]\nand the C reproducer that triggers it [2])."
        }
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        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The reproduced trigger is a pair of local syscalls on the attacker\u0027s own SCTP socket \u2014 a blocking sendmsg() parked in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf() plus a concurrent setsockopt(SCTP_SOCKOPT_BINDX_REM) that frees the selected transport. No remote peer input is required to drive the bug; this matches the repo\u0027s scoring of the structurally identical sctp_wait_for_connect() lock-drop UAF (CVE-2026-63971).\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race and does not need to win a tight window: shrinking SO_SNDBUF forces the sender to sleep in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf() with the socket lock released, and the second thread can issue BINDX_REM at any point during that arbitrarily long sleep, making the use-after-free essentially deterministic.\nPR:L - Creating an SCTP socket and calling sctp_bindx()/SCTP_ASCONF_SUPPORTED requires no capability \u2014 the only ns_capable() checks in net/sctp/socket.c are CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE for privileged ports, which the attacker avoids by binding a high port. Any unprivileged local user with the sctp module available can run the published reproducer.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs every step itself within its own threads; no victim action, configuration change, or interaction with another user is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel slab memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - This is a slab use-after-free on a kzalloc\u0027d sctp_transport with a long, attacker-controlled reallocation window, and the freed object\u0027s asoc/dst/packet pointers are dereferenced \u2014 allowing a sprayed replacement object to be used to read arbitrary kernel memory, well beyond the bounded KASAN read that was reported.\nI:H - The freed transport is not merely read: sctp_outq_select_transport() performs list_add_tail() into the freed object\u0027s send_ready field, and sctp_packet_config()/sctp_transport_burst_limited() write vtag, max_size, size, overhead, cwnd and burst_limited into it, yielding controlled writes into a reallocated slab object suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The bug was found as a KASAN slab-use-after-free with a reproducer, and dereferencing a freed transport\u0027s asoc/dst pointers or corrupting the send_ready list readily produces a kernel oops or panic, which an unprivileged user can trigger repeatedly."
            }
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        }
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        "shortName": "Linux"
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      "title": "sctp: detect and prevent references to a freed transport in sendmsg",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-23142.json",
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    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-23142\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-05-01T13:15:50.017\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:16.620\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nsctp: detect and prevent references to a freed transport in sendmsg\\n\\nsctp_sendmsg() re-uses associations and transports when possible by\\ndoing a lookup based on the socket endpoint and the message destination\\naddress, and then sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() sets the selected transport in\\nall the message chunks to be sent.\\n\\nThere\u0027s a possible race condition if another thread triggers the removal\\nof that selected transport, for instance, by explicitly unbinding an\\naddress with setsockopt(SCTP_SOCKOPT_BINDX_REM), after the chunks have\\nbeen set up and before the message is sent. This can happen if the send\\nbuffer is full, during the period when the sender thread temporarily\\nreleases the socket lock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf().\\n\\nThis causes the access to the transport data in\\nsctp_outq_select_transport(), when the association outqueue is flushed,\\nto result in a use-after-free read.\\n\\nThis change avoids this scenario by having sctp_transport_free() signal\\nthe freeing of the transport, tagging it as \\\"dead\\\". In order to do this,\\nthe patch restores the \\\"dead\\\" bit in struct sctp_transport, which was\\nremoved in\\ncommit 47faa1e4c50e (\\\"sctp: remove the dead field of sctp_transport\\\").\\n\\nThen, in the scenario where the sender thread has released the socket\\nlock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(), the bit is checked again after\\nre-acquiring the socket lock to detect the deletion. This is done while\\nholding a reference to the transport to prevent it from being freed in\\nthe process.\\n\\nIf the transport was deleted while the socket lock was relinquished,\\nsctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() will return -EAGAIN to let userspace retry the\\nsend.\\n\\nThe bug was found by a private syzbot instance (see the error report [1]\\nand the C reproducer that triggers it [2]).\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: sctp: detectar y prevenir referencias a un transporte liberado en sendmsg. sctp_sendmsg() reutiliza asociaciones y transportes cuando es posible mediante una b\u00fasqueda basada en el endpoint del socket y la direcci\u00f3n de destino del mensaje. A continuaci\u00f3n, sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() establece el transporte seleccionado en todos los fragmentos de mensaje que se enviar\u00e1n. Existe una posible condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n si otro subproceso activa la eliminaci\u00f3n de ese transporte seleccionado, por ejemplo, desvinculando expl\u00edcitamente una direcci\u00f3n con setsockopt(SCTP_SOCKOPT_BINDX_REM), despu\u00e9s de configurar los fragmentos y antes de enviar el mensaje. Esto puede ocurrir si el b\u00fafer de env\u00edo est\u00e1 lleno, durante el periodo en que el subproceso emisor libera temporalmente el bloqueo del socket en sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(). Esto provoca que el acceso a los datos de transporte en sctp_outq_select_transport(), al vaciar la cola de salida de la asociaci\u00f3n, resulte en una lectura de use-after-free. Este cambio evita este escenario al indicar sctp_transport_free() la liberaci\u00f3n del transporte, etiquet\u00e1ndolo como \\\"muerto\\\". Para ello, el parche restaura el bit \\\"muerto\\\" en la estructura sctp_transport, que se elimin\u00f3 en el commit 47faa1e4c50e (\\\"sctp: eliminar el campo muerto de sctp_transport\\\"). Si el hilo emisor ha liberado el bloqueo del socket en sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(), el bit se vuelve a comprobar tras volver a adquirir el bloqueo para detectar la eliminaci\u00f3n. Esto se realiza manteniendo una referencia al transporte para evitar que se libere durante el proceso. Si el transporte se elimin\u00f3 mientras se liberaba el bloqueo del socket, sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() devolver\u00e1 -EAGAIN para que el espacio de usuario pueda reintentar el env\u00edo. El error fue detectado por una instancia privada de syzbot (consulte el informe de errores [1] y el reproductor de C que lo activa [2]).\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/sctp/structs.h\",\"net/sctp/socket.c\",\"net/sctp/transport.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"547762250220325d350d0917a7231480e0f4142b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"3257386be6a7eb8a8bfc9cbfb746df4eb4fc70e8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"0f7df4899299ce4662e5f95badb9dbc57cc37fa5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"7a63f4fb0efb4e69efd990cbb740a848679ec4b0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"c6fefcb71d246baaf3bacdad1af7ff50ebcfe652\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"9e7c37fadb3be1fc33073fcf10aa96d166caa697\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"5bc83bdf5f5b8010d1ca5a4555537e62413ab4e2\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"2e5068b7e0ae0a54f6cfd03a2f80977da657f1ee\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df132eff463873e14e019a07f387b4d577d6d1f9\",\"lessThan\":\"f1a69a940de58b16e8249dff26f74c8cc59b32be\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"26e51e5287eed4d96ea66a3da95429f42940f013\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"8b97e045bd6d37f96f161e4d371ae174148e1587\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e044554e97e812eb257d073bcc130e0ea653858f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"8376fdc999be008f0e9918db52f1ed8c08f5a1c9\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"cd947138e8c31e8cfcd489c12e9b97271beb6e79\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3.18.128\",\"lessThan\":\"3.19\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.4.166\",\"lessThan\":\"4.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.9.142\",\"lessThan\":\"4.10\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.14.85\",\"lessThan\":\"4.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.19.6\",\"lessThan\":\"4.20\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/sctp/structs.h\",\"net/sctp/socket.c\",\"net/sctp/transport.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.20\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.20\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.293\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.237\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.181\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.135\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.88\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.24\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.12\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeve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00030.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:37:13+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23142",
      "id": "CVE-2025-23142",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "949",
      "product_status:known_affected": "198",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "76",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: SCTP use-after-free due to race condition in sendmsg",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-23142.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-16T18:48:50Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23142",
      "id": "CVE-2025-23142",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-02T02:03:56Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "557",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "143",
      "product_status:recommended": "407",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-23142",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-23142.json",
      "version": "40"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.