CVE-2026-93138 (GCVE-0-2026-93138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 16:11 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:56
VLAI
Title
bpf: Fix vmlinux BTF prep race in bpf_get_btf_vmlinux
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix vmlinux BTF prep race in bpf_get_btf_vmlinux bpf_get_btf_vmlinux() lazily parses the vmlinux BTF under the bpf_verifier_lock, but publishes the result through a plain store and re-checks it through a plain lockless load. Nothing orders the stores initializing the struct btf inside btf_parse_vmlinux() against the store publishing the pointer: On a weakly ordered arch, a concurrent first-time caller taking the lockless fast path could in principle observe the pointer before the parsed contents are visible. The mutex_unlock() does not help such a reader given it only synchronizes with a later acquisition of the same lock. Thus, publish the pointer with smp_store_release() and read it on the fast path with smp_load_acquire(). Acquire semantics are needed rather than a dependency-ordered READ_ONCE(): btf_parse_vmlinux() also populates globals outside the returned object (e.g. bpf_ctx_convert.t). An address dependency would only order accesses performed through the pointer and not cover other globals.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < f32a4a40bc635be25d6816da4bd91e9e58c31bf3 (git)
Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < a7fe72d780122eb934536f1719abad445f6afdf7 (git)
Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < e18a10b39c994f04e1ebd7f8fc042bb1ca8ad053 (git)
Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < 978524ecfc1c539282df5858de1eec20748c6f74 (git)
Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < eaf302628a78806f66d8224d6ba03fb4d5025de4 (git)
Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < 2892f3f44bf865c8fb6b6c0960edec4cc91806ee (git)
Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < 86d11c594d60b255b526fa5260f669463fb1a063 (git)
Affected: 8580ac9404f6240668a026785d7d8856f0530409 , < 92863e678070f57c17c868e4bfa2441a5c61ad2b (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.270 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.221 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.188 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.157 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.110 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.52 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.6 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix vmlinux BTF prep race in bpf_get_btf_vmlinux\n\nbpf_get_btf_vmlinux() lazily parses the vmlinux BTF under the\nbpf_verifier_lock, but publishes the result through a plain store\nand re-checks it through a plain lockless load. Nothing orders\nthe stores initializing the struct btf inside btf_parse_vmlinux()\nagainst the store publishing the pointer: On a weakly ordered\narch, a concurrent first-time caller taking the lockless fast\npath could in principle observe the pointer before the parsed\ncontents are visible. The mutex_unlock() does not help such a\nreader given it only synchronizes with a later acquisition of the\nsame lock. Thus, publish the pointer with smp_store_release()\nand read it on the fast path with smp_load_acquire().\n\nAcquire semantics are needed rather than a dependency-ordered\nREAD_ONCE(): btf_parse_vmlinux() also populates globals outside\nthe returned object (e.g. bpf_ctx_convert.t). An address\ndependency would only order accesses performed through the\npointer and not cover other globals."
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              "value": "AV:L - The race is reached from local bpf(2) BPF_PROG_LOAD: bpf_prog_load() calls bpf_get_btf_vmlinux() on the attach_btf_id path, and bpf_check() always calls it before verification. No remote protocol message carries the data that publishes btf_vmlinux.\nAC:L - The attacker issues concurrent BPF_PROG_LOAD (or BPF_MAP_CREATE of BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS into bpf_struct_ops_map_alloc) so one thread runs btf_parse_vmlinux() under bpf_verifier_lock while the other takes the lockless `if (!btf_vmlinux)` load; they control both sides of that publication window.\nPR:L - The lockless consumer is bpf_check() when bpf_token_capable(token, CAP_BPF) sets is_priv and skips mutex_lock(\u0026bpf_verifier_lock). CAP_BPF is delegable with a BPF token into a non-init user namespace, so init-namespace root is not required.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the concurrent bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD) or bpf(BPF_MAP_CREATE) syscalls themselves; no other user must mount a filesystem, open a file, or load a program.\nS:U - A torn struct btf and bpf_ctx_convert.t are consumed by the host verifier and BTF helpers in the same kernel; that is in-kernel privilege escalation or DoS, not a KVM/Xen guest-to-host escape or IOMMU bypass.\nC:H - A lockless reader can observe btf_vmlinux before btf-\u003etypes, btf-\u003estrings and btf-\u003ehdr.str_len are visible. btf_type_by_id() then returns btf-\u003etypes[id] and btf_str_by_offset() returns \u0026btf-\u003estrings[offset] (check_ptr_to_map_access, btf_find_by_name_kind), an unbounded kernel read.\nI:H - Privileged bpf_check() trusts that torn vmlinux BTF for PTR_TO_BTF_ID sizes, and get_kern_ctx_btf_id() walks bpf_ctx_convert.t members; garbage type metadata can accept illegal kernel stores. btf_get/btf_put on a not-yet-visible refcnt can also call_rcu btf_free_rcu of the live object.\nA:H - get_kern_ctx_btf_id() does btf_type_member(bpf_ctx_convert.t) with no NULL check when that global is still unseen, and check_ptr_to_map_access() loads t-\u003ename_off after btf_type_by_id() returns NULL because nr_types is still 0, oopsing the kernel."
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix vmlinux BTF prep race in bpf_get_btf_vmlinux\n\nbpf_get_btf_vmlinux() lazily parses the vmlinux BTF under the\nbpf_verifier_lock, but publishes the result through a plain store\nand re-checks it through a plain lockless load. Nothing orders\nthe stores initializing the struct btf inside btf_parse_vmlinux()\nagainst the store publishing the pointer: On a weakly ordered\narch, a concurrent first-time caller taking the lockless fast\npath could in principle observe the pointer before the parsed\ncontents are visible. The mutex_unlock() does not help such a\nreader given it only synchronizes with a later acquisition of the\nsame lock. Thus, publish the pointer with smp_store_release()\nand read it on the fast path with smp_load_acquire().\n\nAcquire semantics are needed rather than a dependency-ordered\nREAD_ONCE(): btf_parse_vmlinux() also populates globals outside\nthe returned object (e.g. bpf_ctx_convert.t). An address\ndependency would only order accesses performed through the\npointer and not cover other globals."
          }
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        "id": "CVE-2026-93138",
        "lastModified": "2026-09-18T18:18:22.363",
        "metrics": {
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                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
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              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
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        "published": "2026-09-17T17:18:08.720",
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f32a4a40bc635be25d6816da4bd91e9e58c31bf3"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-22T16:24:17Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-93138",
      "id": "CVE-2026-93138",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-22T16:24:17Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "254",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "93",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-93138",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-93138.json",
      "version": "2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.